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  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    ul

    tul

    zal

    icarea

    iare

    le

    e

    t to

    to

    ve !got"

    must

    ltiv

    v a

    Conjugri

    Modulindicativ

    Auxiliare%

    indic%preznt

    Modale%prezent

    &rincipale

    -prezent-comun-activ

    -prezent-

    continu-activ

    -prezent-pasiv-comun

    -prezent-pasiv-continuu

    -reflexive-prezent-comun

    -reflexive-prezent-continuu

    Presentperfect

    -auxiliare-

    prezent-perfect

    -modale-prezent-perfect

    -Principale-activ-comun

    -principale-

    pasiv-comun

    Conjugri

    Viitorul simplu

    -auxiliare viitor

    simplu

    -modale viitor

    simplu

    -principale comun-

    activ-viitor

    simplu

    -principale

    continuu-activ-

    viitor simplu

    -principale pasiv

    Viitor anterior

    -principale viitor

    anterior

    Viitor n trecut

    Viitor apropiat

    Modul subjonctiv

    -auxiliare subj

    -modale subj

    -principale-comun-activ

    -principale-cont-activa

    Subjonctiv perfect III

    -auxiliare-subj perfect

    -modale-subj perfect

    -principale-com-activ

    -principale-cont-activa

    Modul conditional

    Conditional prezent

    -auxiliare-condprezent

    -modale-condprezent

    -principale-comun-activa

    -principale-continuu-activa

    -principale-pasiva

    -reflexive-comun

    -reflexive-continuu

    Conditional perfect

    -auxiliare

    -modale

    -principale-activa

    -principale-pasiva

    -reflexive

    Modurile impersonale

    Infinitiv

    -acuzativ cu infinitiv

    -!or" pronume

    -nominativ"infinitiv

    -I am #no$n%

    Participiu

    -prezent-cntinuu

    -trecut

    -perfect

    -acuzativ cu participiu

    &erunziu

    1

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23musthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23musthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23indicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23indicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezcomacthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezcomacthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23viitorsimpluhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princippasivahttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modinfinitivhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23musthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23musthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23indicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23indicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezcomacthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezcomacthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princpascomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23viitorsimpluhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23princippasivahttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modinfinitiv
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    al

    v

    iv

    -reflexive-continuu

    Presentperfect-com

    Presentperfect-continuu

    Past tense

    -auxiliare-past tense

    -modale-pasttense

    -principale-comun-activ

    -principale-continuu-activ

    -principale-comun-

    pasiv-principale-continuu-

    pasiv

    Subjonctiv I'II'III

    Refexive-comun

    -Refexive-continuu

    Mai mult ca per

    (past perect)

    -Auxiliare-past

    perect

    -Modale-past

    perect

    -Principale comun-

    activ

    -Princpale

    continuu-activ

    -principale comun-

    pasiv

    Modul imperativ

    -prezent

    -perfect

    -there is(are

    -there is cu past tense

    -there is cu future tense

    -there is cu conditional

    -there is cu subjonctiv

    '()( $*+,-. !T/* $*+,"

    $erbuleste partea de vorbire care exprim o ac)iune' o activitate sau un proces *i areurmtoarele categorii gramaticale+

    timp' aspect' numr' persoan' diatez *i mod

    Timpul verbului este categoria gramatical prin care se precizeaz momentul desf*urriiac)iunii

    ,xist trei timpuri de baz+prezent' trecut *i viitor

    2

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezperfcomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezperfcomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezperfcomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23prezperfcomhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbul
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    Aspectul exprim gradul de ndeplinire a ac)iunii .n limba englez exist dou0 aspecte1

    a/ -aspectul comun2prin care se exprim o ac)iune general' o ac)iune terminat sau oac)iune de scurt durat

    3 play tennis( # ,u joc tenis 0n general sau de obicei/

    b/ -aspectul continuu2care exprim o ac)iune n desf*urare - deci o ac)iune neterminat

    3 am playing tennis(1 2oc tenis 0acum/

    Diateza realizeaz rela)ia dintre subiect *i complementul direct

    *xist0 trei diateze1 activ02 pasiv0 4i reflexiv0(.n cazul diatezei active ac)iunea subiectului se ndreapt asupra complementului direct3

    The boy is reading the lesson(1 4iatul cite*te lec)ia

    .n cadrul diatezei pasiveac)iunea sv5r*it de subiectul logic se rsfr5nge asuprasubiectului gramatical

    The lesson is read by the boy(1 6ec)ia este citit de biat

    7in exemplul de mai sus se observ c n limba englez diateza pasiv0 se formeaz cuverbul auxiliar to be plus participiul trecut al verbului de con5ugat 0adic a III-a formde baz a verbului de conjugat/

    Verbul to be se conjug' iar verbul de conjugat la participiul trecut nu-*i modific forma

    6a diateza reflexiv0ac)iunea se rsfr5nge asupra autorului ei' adic asupra subiectului

    The cat 6ashes itself( 1 Pisica se spal

    verbul

    Moduleste categoria gramatical a verbului prin care se precizeaz felul ac)iunii *ianume dac ac)iunea este real' sigur' ireal' probabil' posibil' imposibil

    .n limba englez existpatru moduri personale 07inite 7orms/ *i trei moduri nepersonale0on % 7inite 7orms/

    MOD- &*+SOA 3ndicative- are toate timpurile

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbul
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    +3

    .*

    Sub5unctive-prezent' past *ipast perfect

    Conditional -prezent *iperfect

    3mperative -prezent

    *&*+SOA.*

    3nfinitive - prezent *i perfect

    &articiple -prezent' past *iperfect

    8erund -prezent *i perfect

    '()('( C lasificarea verbelor

    3733T3$&+*9*T

    T+*C-TS3M&.-

    &A+T3C3&3-T+*C-T

    '( auxiliare

    to be 6as : 6ere been a fito have /ad had a aveato do did done a faceshall should - trebuie s6ill 6ould - a vreato let let let a lsa

    ;( modale

    can !to be able to" could % a putea' a *timay !to be permitted :allo6ed to"

    might - avea voie 1 a fipermis

    must !to have to" !to beobliged to"

    !must" % trebuie' 0atrebui s/

    shall should % a trebui s' a secuveni s

    6ill 6ould % a dori' a vreaought to !ought to" % ar trebui sdare % % a ndrznineed need % obi*nuia sto be to 6as2 6ere

    tobeen to a urma s

    % used to % obi*nuia s

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    principale

    to li=e li=ed li=ed a-i plceato ans6er ans6ered ans6ered a rspundeto use used used a ntrebuin)a

    neregulate

    to go % 6ent % gone a mergeto see % sa6 % seen a vedea

    >( auxiliar %modale

    shall6illcan

    should6ouldcould etc

    $erbele auxiliareajut celelalte verbe s-*i formeze aspectul continuu' diateza pasiv'timpurile compuse' unele moduri ,le devin instrumente gramaticale pierz5ndu-*i sensullexical *u am o carte # *u posed o carte(

    .n exemplul de mai sus verbulam !a avea"n limba rom5n este verb principal' dar n

    exemplul+ ,u amcitit o carte' verbulameste auxiliar' cci ajut verbul citits-*i formezetimpul perfect compus ,ste clar c nu putem spune+ ,u posed citit o carte' n care verbul aposedas fie sinonim cu verbula avea

    $erbele modale dau verbelor principale mpreun cu care se folosesc nuan)e lexicalespeciale

    .n exemplul 3 must go(1Eu trebuie s merg' verbul mustexprim obliga)ia efecturii

    ac)iuniiVerbul canimplic nuan)acapabilit)ii *i permisiunii'

    iar verbul mayideea depermisiune *i posibilitate

    /e can spea= *nglish 1 ,l *tie(poate vorbiengleze*te3

    /e may come(1 ,lpoate veni 1 6ui i este permis s vin

    $erbele modale se mai numesc defective c0ci

    %nu au forme proprii fie pentru infinitiv prezent2fie pentru trecut2

    fie pentru participiul trecut2

    situa?ie @n care se @nlocuiesc cu sinonimele lor(

    *le nu au particula infinitival0 to4i nu folosesc aceast0 particul0 dup0 ele !excep?ii1used to2 ought to"(

    "

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbul
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    Ca 4i verbele auxiliare ele formeaz0 interogativul schimbndu%4i locul cu subiectulpropozi?iei

    Verbele auxiliare *i modale din limba englez au *i forme prescurtate(contrase 8niigramaticieni includ verbele auxiliare *i modale ntr-o singur categorie - aceea de verbe

    speciale*le formeaz0 negativul prin simpla ad0ugare a nega?iei not dup0 ele 4i interogativulschimbndu%4i locul cu subiectul @n propozi?ie

    Verbele can' may' must'ought to' dare' need *i used tosunt auxiliare n ntrebriledisjunctive

    3 am not at home(1 ,u nu sunt acas

    3 cannot go 1 ,u nu pot merge

    $erbele auxiliare 4i modalecontribuie la formarea ntrebrilor disjunctive 0Tag:TailBuestions/' cele care se traduc n limba rom5n prin nu%i a4a 2 a4a%i

    ou are at home2 arenEt you 1 ,*ti acas' nu-i a*a 9

    ou are not at home2 are you 1 :u e*ti acas' nu-i a*a 9

    /e learns *nglish2 doesnEt he 1 .nva) engleze*te' nu-i a*a 9

    ;ot ele particip la formularea rspunsurilor scurte ale ntrebrilor generale .ntrebrilegenerale sunt cele care pot primi rspunsuri scurte+ da2 nu(

    FArethey at home F FesFG Fes2 they areF( 1 Sunt ei acas 9 7a 3 7a' sunt

    Particip la completarea structuriiand so

    FThey arein the par=F(FAnd so are 6eF 1 ,i sunt n parc

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    F/e 6onEt come 6ith usF( 1 ,l nu va veni cu noi FOh2 he 6onEt2 6onEt heF 1 >u0dom?le/ 9 1 Chiar a*a 9

    FHohn canEt give you the money todayF( FOh2 he canEt2 canEt heF

    1 2ohn nu-)i poate da banii astzi-:u mai spune @3 Cum a*a 93 >u dom?le 9

    Verbele modale' ca *i verbele auxiliare' nu primesc termina)ia s la persoana a III-asingular *i nu au aspectul continuu

    verbul

    '()(;( MOD-+3.* &*+SOA.* A.* $*+,*.O+

    '()(;('( MOD-. 3D3CAT3$'()(;('('( T3M&-. &+*9*T !T/* &+*S*T T*S*"

    ,ste forma 3de baz a verbelor ,xprim ac)iuni generale repetate' stri' un obiceiprezent etc Se folose*te *i n propozi)iile condi)ionale de tipul I :ormal timpul prezentcoincide cu momentul vorbirii

    8neori' prezentul simplu se poate referi la viitor+ Tommoro6 is AnnEs birthday( 1M5ine este ziua de na*tere a =nei

    verbul

    A( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+A-I3.3A+*.A3D3CAT3$&+*9*T

    TO ,* 1 a fi

    0A1 afirmativ'1 negativ'31 interogativ /

    A JJ 3 am # 3Em1 eu sunt 1 eu s

    you are # youEre 1 tu e*ti

    he:she:it is # heEs:sheEs:itEs 1 el(ea este 1 el(ea e

    6e are # 6eEre 1 noi suntem

    you are# youEre 1 voi sunte)i

    they are # theyEre 1 ei(ele sunt

    $

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbul
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    JJ 3 am not # 3 arenEt1 eu nu sunt

    you are not # you arenEt1 tu nu e*ti

    he:she:it is not# he:she:it isnEt1 l(ea nu este

    6e are not # 6e arenEt1 noi nu suntemyou are not # you arenEt1 voi nu sunte)i

    they are not # they arenEt1 ei (ele nu sunt

    3 JJ am 3 1 eu sunt 9

    are you 1 tu e*ti 9

    is he:she:it 1 el(ea este 9

    are 6e1 noi suntem 9

    are you1voi sunte)i 9

    are they1ei(ele sunt 93 %

    am 3 not 1 arenEt 3 1 nu sunt eu 91 eu nu-s 9

    are you not 1 arenEt you 1 nu e*ti tu 9

    is he:she:it not # isnEt he:she:it 1 nu este el(ea 9

    are 6e not # arenEt 6e 1 nu suntem noi 9

    are you not # arenEt you 1 nu sunte)i voi 9

    are they not # arenEt they 1 nu sunt ei(ele 9

    7unc?iile verbului TO ,*

    '( a" verb auxiliarpentru formarea aspectului continuu 1

    3 am reading(1 ,u citesc 0acum/ b" verb auxiliar pentru formarea diatezei pasive

    3 am seen(1 ,u sunt vzut

    A verb modal1 to be to1 a urma ( trebui s 1 a fi s3

    3 am to read 1 ;rebuie(urmeaz s citesc

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    They are in the par= 1 ,i(,le sunt n parc

    verbul

    TO /A$*# a avea

    A JJ 3 have # 3Eve # 3 have got # 3Eve got 1 eu am

    you have # youEve # you have got # youEve got1 tu ai

    he:she:it has # heEs:sheEs:itEs # he:she:it has got # heEs:sheEs:itEs got 1 el(ea are

    6e have # 6eEve # 6e have got # 6eEve got1 noi avem

    you have # youEve # you have got # youEve got1 voi ave)i

    they have # theyEve # they have got # theyEve got 1 ei(ele au

    JJ 3 have not# !3 havenEt" # 3 have not !havenEt" got 1 eu nu am

    you have not# !you havenEt" # you have not !havenEt" got 1 tu nu ai

    he:she:it has not# !he:she:it hasnEt" # he:she:it has not !hasnEt" got 1 el(ea nu are

    6e have not# !6e havenEt" # 6e have not !havenEt" got 1 noi nu avem

    you have not #!you havenEt" # you have not !havenEt" got 1 voi nu ave)i

    they have not# !they havenEt" # they have not !havenEt" got 1 ei(ele nu au

    sau

    3 do not have # 3 donEt have 1 eu nu am

    you do not have # you donEt have1 tu nu aihe:she:it does not have # he:she:it doesnEt have1 el(ea nu are

    6e do not have # 6e donEt have1 noi nu avem

    you do not have # you donEt have1 voi nu ave)i

    they do not have # they donEt have1 ei(ele nu au

    3 JJ have 3 # have 3 got # do 3 have1 eu am 9 1 am eu 9

    &

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbulhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23verbul
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    have you # have you got # do you have 1 tu ai 9 1 ai tu9

    has he:she:it # has he:she:it got # does he:she:it have 1 el(ea are9

    have 6e # have 6e got # do 6e have1 noi avem9 1 avem noi9

    have you # have you got # do you have1 voi ave)i9 1 ave)i voi9have they # have they got # do they have1 ei(ele au9 1 au ei(ele9

    3 % JJhave 3 not # havenEt 3 # have 3 not !havenEt 3" got # do 3 not !donEt 3" have

    1 eu nu am9 1 eu n-am 9 1 nu am eu 9

    have you not#havenEt you#have you not !havenEt you" got #do you not !donEt

    you" have1 tu nu ai1 tu n-ai9 1nu ai tu9

    has he:she:it not # hasnEt he:she:it # has he:she:it not !hasnEt he:she:it" got

    # does he:she:it not !doesnEt he:she:it" have

    1 el(ea nu are 9 1 nu are el(ea 9

    have 6e not #havenEt 6e # have 6e not !havenEt 6e" got # do 6e not !donEt 6e"

    have 1 noi nu avem 9 1 noi n-avem 9

    have you not # havenEt you # have you not !havenEt you" got # do you not!donEt you" have

    1 voi nu ave)i

    have they not # havenEt they # have they not !havenEt they" got # do they not!donEt they" have

    1 ei(ele nu au 9

    7unc?iile verbului TO /A$*

    '( verb auxiliarpentru formarea timpurilor The &resent &erfect *i The &ast &erfect

    3 have come for t6o hours(

    1 =m venit de dou ore

    3 had come for t6o hours(

    1'

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    1Venisem de dou ore

    ;( verb modal1

    to have to # must # trebuie

    3 must sing # 3 have to sing1 ,u trebuie s c5nt 1 ,u am de c5ntat

    /e had to learn every day(

    1 ,l trebuia s nve)e n fiecare zi

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    you do not do !you donEt do" 1 tu nu faci

    he:she:it does not do !doesnEt do" 1 el(ea nu face

    6e do not do !6e donEt do" 1 noi nu facem

    you do not do !you donEt do"1 voi nu face)ithey do not do !they donEt do" 1 ei(ele nu fac

    3 JJ do 3 do 1 eu fac 9

    do you do 1 tu faci 9

    does he:she:it do1el(ea face 9

    do 6e do 1 noi facem 9

    do you do 1 voi face)i 9

    do they do1 ei(ele

    3 K JJdo 3 not do 1 donEt 3 do

    1 eu nu fac 9 1 nu fac eu 9

    do you not do 1 donEt you do

    1 tu nu faci 9 1 nu faci tu 9

    does he:she:it not do 1 doesnEt he:she:it do

    1 ea(el nu face9 1 nu face el(ea9

    Ca verb auxiliar' verbul to donu se traduce

    ;raducerea lui ns' ca *i traducerea verbelor to be*i to haves-a fcut totu*i pentru motivepractice

    7unc?iile verbului TO DO

    '( verb auxiliar

    Do you understand 1 .n)elegi 9

    /e does not understand( 1 ,l nu n)elege

    12

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    ;( verb de @ntLrire !emfatic"

    3 do li=e grammar( 1 .mi place gramatica foarte mult

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    1

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    1 a putea' a fi liber s' a avea permisiunea s

    ou can:may use my umbrella(

    1 Po)ifolosi umbrela mea

    3 can s6im in that la=e( # 3 am free to s6im in that la=e1 Potnota n lacul acela 1 Sunt liber s not n lacul acela

    - la negativ canexpriminterdic?ia sau imposibilitatea

    % !canEt # be forbidden: prohibited to"

    %cannot# to be incapable:unable to # a fi incapabil sL

    ou canEt go on the trip( #:u po)i merge n excursie

    3t canEt be six oEcloc=(1:u poate fi ora *ase

    verbul

    MA# TO ,* &*+M3TT*D : A..OW*D TO# a avea voie s02 a%i fi permis:@ng0duit s0

    A JJ 3 may !go"# 3 am permitted:allo6ed to !go"

    1 eu am voie(pot s 0merg/ 1 mie mi este permis(ngduit s 0merg/ etc

    JJ 3 may not !go" # 3 am not permitted:allo6ed to !go"

    1 eu nu am voie s 0merg/ 1 mie nu-mi este permis(ngduit s

    !orma maynEteste considerat desuet *i' n consecin)' practic nefolosit

    3 JJ May 3 !go" # am 3 permitted:allo6ed to !go"

    1eu am voie(pot s 0merg/9 1 mie mi este permis(ngduit s 0merg/ etc

    3% JJ May 3 not !go"#am 3 not permitted:allo6ed to !go"

    1eu nu am voie(nu pot s 0/ 9 1 mie nu-mi este permis s 0/9

    Verbul MAexprim+

    a" % permisiunea n prezent -

    1"

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    FMay 3 come inF 1 B Pot intra ' Pot s intru 93

    Fes2 you may(F 1 7a'po)i3

    Fes2 of courseF17a' desigur 17a'bine5n)eles

    Fou may leave if you li=e2F Hohn said( 1 Po)ipleca dac dore*ti' zise eldevine @n vorbire indirect01

    Hohn said that 3 might leave if 3 li=ed( # Hohn said that 3 6as allo6ed to leave if 3li=ed(

    1 2ohn a zis c potpleca dac doresc 1 2ohn a zis c-mi este ngduit splec dacdoresc

    % interdic?iase exprim prin may not1

    ou may not use my umbrella 1:u po)i folosi umbrela mea

    b" posibilitatea1

    /e may come late if the trafficEs heavy(

    1 ,l poate veni t5rziu dac circula)ia este intens

    /e may have come yesterday(

    1 ,ste posibil ca el s fi venit ieriShe may be learning her lessons(

    1 ,a poate *i nva) lec)iile

    /e may not be able to pay his rent

    1 Poate c el nu este n stare s-*i plteasc chiria

    c" probabilitatea : incertitudinea sau curiozitatea1

    What may he be 1 Ce poate fi el 9

    3 may have left my umbrella on the train( 1 Probabil(Poate mi-am uitat umbrela n tren

    /e may come ( # &robably he comes(1 ,l poate veni 1 Probabil el vine

    .ntrebrile referitoare la posibilitate se formuleaz cu ajutorul verbului cannu al luimay

    Can he have lost his 6ay 1 Se poate ca el s se fi ratcit 91 ,ste posibil cael s se firtcit 9

    1#

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    d" o urare 1

    May you live long 1 S trie*ti @

    May your dreams come true 1 S )i se mplineasc visurile(dorin)ele @

    verbulM-ST# TO /A$* TO # trebuie

    A JJ 3 must !spea=" #eu trebuie s 0vorbesc/ etc

    JJ 3 must not !spea=" # 3 mustnEt !spea=" #eu nu trebuie s 0vorbesc/ etc

    3 JJ Must 3 !spea=" #trebuie eu s 0vorbesc/ 9 etc

    3 % JJ Must 3 not !spea=" # mustnEt 3 !spea=" #eu nu trebuie s 0vorbesc/ 9 etc

    VerbulM-STexprim+

    a" obliga?ia : necesitatea1

    ou must learn permanently(1 ;u trebuie s nve)i permanent

    #ou must learn( # ou have to learn( # ou have !youEve" got to learn

    .ntre must *i have to exist ns urmtoarea deosebire+

    must exprim o obliga)ie(necesitate pornit din partea subiectului

    03 must go to bed because 3 am very sleepy( 1 ;rebuie s merg la culcare pentru cmi este foarte somn/

    /ave to exprim o obliga)ie impus subiectului din afar' deci o obliga)ie extern

    !ou have to be there at eight oEcloc=( 1 ;u trebuie s fii acolo la ora opt/

    ou must not cross no6( # ou are not allo6ed : permitted to cross no6

    1 ;u nu trebuie s traversezi acum 1 :-ai voie s traversezi acum

    Must he go no6 # /as he to go no6# Does he have to go no6

    1 ;rebuie el s plece ( mearg acum 9

    -must notexprim interdic)ia+

    Fou must not interrupt meF2 he said

    1 :u trebuie s m ntrerupi' a zis el'

    1$

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    devine @n vorbirea indirect01

    /e said that 3 mustnEt interrupt him

    1 ,l a zis c nu trebuie s-l ntrerup

    sau1 /e said that 3 didnEt have to interrupt him(1 ,l a zis c nu trebuie s-l ntrerup

    b" probabilitatea+

    /e must =no6 me(

    1 Probabil ( poate 0c / m cunoa*te 1 ;rebuie s m *tie

    ,eing late they must be at home(

    1 !iind t5rziuprobabil csunt acas

    ou must have paid a lot of money for this car(

    1 Probabil c ai pltit mul)i bani pentru ma*ina aceasta 1 ;rebuie s fipltit mul)i banipentru ma*ina aceasta

    verbul

    S/A..# se cade:cuvine:merit0 s02 trebuie s0

    A JJ 3 shall !intervene" 1 eu se cade(cuvine s

    ou shall !intervene" 1 tu se cade(cuvine s

    /e:she shall !intervene" 1 el(ea se cade(cuvine s

    We shall !intervene" 1 noi se cade(cuvine s

    ou shall !intervene" 1 voi se cade(cuvine s

    They shall !intervene" 1 ei(ele se cade(cuvine s

    JJ 3 shall not !intervene" 1 3 shanEt !intervene"

    1 eu nu se cade s 0intervin/ 1 eu nu trebuie s 0intervin/ etc

    3 JJ Shall 3 !intervene"

    1se cade(trebuie s 0intervin/ eu 9 1 s 0intervin/ eu 9 etc

    3 % JJShall 3 not !intervene" 1 ShanEt 3 !intervene"

    1 eu s nu 0intervin/ 9 1 eu nu trebuie s 0intervin/9 etc

    1%

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    Prin S/A..se exprim+

    a" permisiunea:invita?ia+

    ou shall stay here as long as you li=e

    1 S stai aici c5t )i place 1 Po)i s stai aici c5t )i placeb" promisiunea1

    ou shall have a holiday in the mountains if you 6or= hard(

    1 D s ai o vacan) la munte dac o s munce*ti cum trebuie

    c" obliga?ia1

    ou shall do as he tells you

    1 S faci cum )i spune el

    ou shall al6ays be punctual(

    1 S fii totdeauna punctual

    /e shall never brea= his promise

    1 S nu-*i calce niciodat promisiunea @

    What shall 3 do no6

    1 Ce s fac acum 9

    verbul

    W3.. #a vrea2 a dori

    A JJ 3 6ill !learn" 1 eu vreau s 0nv)/3

    ou 6ill !learn" 1 tu vrei s 0nve)i/

    /e:she 6ill !learn" 1 el(ea vrea s 0nve)e/' etc JJ 3 6ill not !learn" 1 3 6onEt !learn"

    1 eu nu vreau s 0nv)/ etc

    3 JJ Will 3 !learn"

    1 eu vreau s 0nv)/ 9 1 vreau eu s 0nv)/ 9 etc

    3 % JJWill 3 not !learn" 1 WonEt 3 !learn"

    1 eu nu vreau s 0nv)/ 9 etc

    1&

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    Prin verbul modal 6illse adreseaz o invita?ie sauo dorin?0(

    Will you have a cup of tea

    1 7ore*ti(Vrei o cea*c de ceai 9

    ou may come to see us if you 6ill(1 Po)i veni pe la noi dac vrei

    verbul

    O-8/T TO # ar trebui s02 s%ar cuveni s0 !obliga?ie moral0"

    A JJ 3 ought to go

    1 eu trebuie s merg 1 eu se cuvine s merg3

    ou ought to go

    1 tu ar trebui s mergi 1 tu s-ar cuveni s mergi3

    /e:she ought to go

    1 el(ea ar trebui s mearg 1 el(ea se cuvine s mearg etc

    JJ 3 ought not to go 13 oughtnEt to go

    1 eu nu ar trebui s merg 1 eu n-ar trebui s merg etc

    3 JJ Ought 3 to go

    1 ar trebui eu s merg 9 1 s-ar cuveni eu s merg 9 etc

    3 % JJ Ought 3 not !oughtnEt 3" to go

    1 eu nu ar trebui s merg 9 1 n-ar trebui eu s merg 9 etc

    ou ought to tell her the truth(

    1 Se cuvine s-i spui adevrulou ought to have told her the truth

    1 S-ar fi cuvenit s-i spui adevrul

    % ought toeste sinonim cushould*i exprim recomandarea' necesitatea sau obliga?iamoral0

    ou ought to help your parents if they are very old(

    1 Se cuvine s-)i aju)i prin)ii dac sunt foarte btr5ni

    2'

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    ou oughtnEt to ta=e his umbrella 6ithout as=ing for permission(

    1 ;u nu trebuie s-i iei umbrela fr s ceri voie

    /e =ne6 he ought to help us(

    1

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    verbul

    **D# a fi nevoie:necesar s02 a trebui s0

    JJ 3 need not go 1 3 neednEt go

    1 eu nu este nevoie s merg etc3 JJeed 3 go

    #este nevoie s merg eu9 etc

    3% JJeed 3 not !neednEt 3" go

    1 nu este nevoie s merg eu 91 eu nu este nevoie s merg 9 etc

    % necesitate:nevoie

    6a afirmativ needse folose*te cu adverbele hardly2 scarcely2 only1

    3 need hardly tell you something(

    1 Simt o mare nevoie s-)i spun ceva

    ou need only be present(

    1 ,ste nevoie s fii doar prezent

    Verbulneedla negativpresupune lipsa obliga iei sau necesit ii

    3 neednEt tell you everything(

    1 :u este nevoie s-)i povestesc totul

    3 neednEt go yet(

    1 .nc nu este nevoie s plec

    **DET- n vorbirea indirect+

    Fou neednEt come until 3 tell youF2 he said(1 - :u este nevoie s vii p5n nu-)i spun eu' a zis el'

    devine @n vorbire indirectL+

    /e said that 3 neednEt come until he told me(

    1 ,l a zis c nu este nevoie s vin p5n nu-mi spune el

    verbul

    TO ,* TO# a fi : trebui : urma s0

    22

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    ou are to be there at six oEcloc=(

    1 S fii acolo la ora *ase 1 ;rebuie ( 8rmeaz s fii acolo la ora *ase

    What am 3 to do no6

    1 Ce urmeaz(trebuie s fac eu acum 9What is to be done no6

    1 Ce este de fcut acum 9

    3 should have told you if 6e had been to go there(

    1 Ei-a* fi spus dac noi ar fi fost s mergem acolo

    TO /A$* 8OT TO# trebuie!folosit mult @n limba5ul colocvial american"

    3 have got to go no6(

    1 =cum trebuie s plec

    .n exemplul 3 6ill learn the lesson 0Vreau s nv) lec)ia/ verbul6illse pronun)accentuat' pun5ndu-se astfel n eviden) valoarea sa semantic

    .n exemplul ou 6ill learn the lesson0;u vei nv)a lec)ia/ verbul 6illeste auxiliar *ise pronun) fr accent .n schimb verbul learncare urmeaz dup el se pronun)accentuat

    .n exemplul /e may never come0,l poate s nu vin niciodat/ verbul mayexprimo nuan) deposibilitate(ndoial+

    ,l poate veni' dar suntem lsa)i s credem c mai degrab nu va veni

    /e may never come(13t is possible that he 6ill never come(

    Concluzie+Verbele can2 may2 must2 shall2 6ill2 need2 ought tose nt5lnesc urmate fie

    de infinitiv scurt prezent' fie de infinitiv scurt perfect/e may have come( 1 , posibil ca el s fi venit

    /e must have been rich(1 ,l trebuie s fi fost bogat

    She can have gone on the trip(1 ,a poate s fi mers n excursie

    verbul

    C( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*.A&+*9*T2 AS&*CT-.COM-2 D3AT*9A

    ACT3$

    2

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    TO S**# a vedea !dup acest model se conjug toate verbele principale/

    A JJ 3 see 1 eu vd

    you see 1 tu vezi

    he :she:it sees 1 el(ea vede6e see 1 noi vedem

    you see1 voi vede)i

    they see 1 ei(ele vd

    JJ 3 do not see # 3 donEt see 1 eu nu vd

    you do not see # you donEt see 1 tu nu vezi

    he:she:it does not see # he:she:it doesnEt see 1 el(ea nu vede

    6e do not see # 6e donEt see1 noi nu vedem

    you do not see # you donEt see 1 voi nu vede)i

    they do not see # they donEt see1ei(ele nu vd' d5n*ii(d5nsele nu vd

    3 JJ do 3 see 1 eu vd 9

    do you see 1 tu vezi 9

    does he:she:it see 1 el(ea vede 9

    do 6e see1 noi vedem 9

    do you see 1 voi vede)i 9

    do they see 1 ei(ele vd 9

    3 % JJ do 3 not see # donEt 3 see 1 eu nu vd 9 1 nu vd eu 9

    do you not see # donEt you see 1 tu nu vezi 9 1 nu vezi tu 9does he:she:it not see # doesnEt he:she:it see 1 el(ea nu vede 9 etc

    verbul

    TO DA+*# a @ndrLzni2 a provoca

    A JJ 3 dare1 eu ndrznesc etc

    JJ 3 do not !donEt" dare 1 eu nu ndrznesc etc

    3 JJ Do 3 dare 1 ndrznesc eu9 etc

    2!

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    3 % JJ Do 3 not !donEt 3" dare 1 eu nu ndrznesc 9 1 nu ndrznesc eu 9 etc

    /e dares many perils(

    1 ,l nfrunt multe pericole

    They dare me to do it but 3 donEt dare1 ,i m provoac s-o fac' dar eu nu ndrznesc

    3 do not dare to brea= my promise

    1 ,u nu ndrznesc s-mi calc promisiunea

    Hohn does not dare to go there2 does he

    1 2ohn nu ndrzne*te s mearg(plece acolo' nu-i a*a9 1 2ohn nu are curaj s mearg

    acolo' a*a-i9TO **D# a fi necesar:nevoie sL2 a necesita:cere:presupune2 a avea nevoie

    de etc(

    This 6or= needsmuch s=ill(1 =ceast treab cere(presupune mult ndem5nare(pricepere

    A JJ 3 need 1 eu am nevoie

    you need 1 tu ai nevoie

    he:she:it needs 1 el(ea are nevoie

    6e need 1 noi avem nevoie

    you need1 voi ave)i nevoie

    they need1 ei(ele au nevoie

    JJ 3 do not !3 donEt" need1 eu nu am nevoie 1 mie nu mi trebuie etc

    3 JJ Do 3 need

    1 eu am nevoie 9 1 am eu nevoie 9 1 mie mi trebuie 9 1 mi trebuie mie 9 etc

    3 % JJ Do 3 not need # donEt 3 need 1 eu nu am nevoie 9 1 nu am eu nevoie 9 1 mienu mi trebuie 9 1 nu mi trebuie mie 9 etc

    They donEt need our help2 do they

    2"

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    1 ,i nu au nevoie de ajutorul nostru' nu-i a*a9

    Do they need any help

    1 =u ei nevoie de vreun ajutor 9

    &lants need rain(1 Plantele au nevoie de ploaie

    3 need much time(

    1 =m nevoie de mult timp 1 .mi trebuie mult vreme

    ou needed such a boo=(

    1 ;u ai avut nevoie de o astfel de carte

    3 need to do something(

    1 ;rebuie s fac ceva 1 Simt nevoia s fac ceva

    /e does not need to 6or=(

    1 ,l nu este nevoit s lucreze(munceasc

    Did they need anything

    1 6e trebuia lor ceva 9 1 =veau ei nevoie de ceva 9

    verbul

    D( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+.A&+*9*T% AS&*CT-.COT3--% D3AT*9AACT3$

    Aspectul continuu al verbului exprim0 ac?iuni de durat0 sau @n desf04urare2 deciac?iuni neterminate

    Se formeaz cu auxiliarul to beplus participiul prezent al verbului de con5ugat

    Aspect continuu au numai verbele principale iar la prezent aceste ac)iuni neterminate

    se efectueaz de regul n momentul vorbirii

    8neori momentul desf*urrii lor este imaginat coinciz5nd cu prezentul

    3 am 6riting a letter(1 Scriuo scrisoare 0acum/

    3 am leaving tomorro6 1 Plec m5ine

    TO S&*AP# a vorbi

    A JJ 3 am spea=ing 1 eu vorbesc

    you are spea=ing 1 tu vorbe*ti2#

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    he:she is spea=ing 1 el(ea vorbe*te

    6e are spea=ing1 noi vorbim

    you are spea=ing 1 voi vorbi)i

    they are spea=ing1 ei(ele vorbesc JJ 3 am not spea=ing 13 arenEt spea=ing 1 eu nu vorbesc

    you are not spea=ing 1 you arenEt spea=ing 1 tu nu vorbe*ti

    he :she is not spea=ing 1 he:she:it isnEt spea=ing 1 el(ea nu vorbe*te

    6e are not spea=ing1 6e arenEt spea=ing1 noi nu vorbim

    you are not spea=ing1 you arenEt spea=ing 1 voi nu vorbi)i

    they are not spea=ing1they arenEt spea=ing1 ei(ele nu vorbesc

    3 JJ am 3 spea=ing 1 eu vorbesc 9

    are you spea=ing 1 tu vorbe*ti9

    is he:she:it spea=ing 1 el(ea vorbe*te9

    are 6e spea=ing 1 noi vorbim 9

    are you spea=ing 1 voi vorbi)i 9

    are they spea=ing1 ei(ele vorbesc9

    3 % JJam 3 not spea=ing # arenEt 3 spea=ing 1 eu nu vorbesc 9

    are you not spea=ing # arenEt you spea=ing 1 tu nu vorbe*ti 9

    is he:she not spea=ing # isnEt he:she spea=ing 1 el(ea nu vorbe*te 9

    are 6e not spea=ing # arenEt 6e spea=ing 1 noi nu vorbim 9

    are you not spea=ing # arenEt you spea=ing 1 voi nu vorbi)i 9are they not spea=ing # arenEt they spea=ing 1 ei(ele nu vorbesc 9

    verbul

    TO W3..# Avrea

    A JJ 3 am 6illing to !read"

    1 eu vreau s 0citesc/ etc

    JJ 3 am not !3 arenEt" 6illing to !read"

    2$

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    1 eu nu vreau s 0citesc/ etc

    3 JJ Am 3 6illing to !read"

    1 eu vreau s 0citesc/9 1 vreau eu s 0citesc/ 9 etc

    3 % JJAm 3 not 6illing to !read" 1arenEt 3 6illing to !read"1 eu nu vreau s 0citesc/9 1 nu vreau eu s 0citesc/ 9

    verbul

    *( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+.A&+*9*T% D3AT*9A&AS3$% AS&*CT-.COM-

    TO ,* S**# a fi v0zut

    A JJ 3 am seen1 eu sunt vzut0/

    you are seen 1 tu e*ti vzut0/

    he:she:it is seen 1 el(ea este vzut0/

    6e are seen1 noi suntemvzu)i(vzute

    you are seen 1 voi sunte)i vzu)i(vzute

    they are seen1 ei(ele sunt vzu)i(vzute

    JJ 3 am not seen # 3 arenEt seen

    1 eu nu sunt vzut0/

    ou are not seen # you arenEt seen

    1 tu nu e*ti vzut0/

    /e:she:it is not seen # he:she:it isnEt seen

    1 el(ea nu este vzut0/ We are not seen # 6e arenEt seen

    1 noi nu suntem vzu)i(vzute

    ou are not seen # you arenEt seen

    1 voi nu sunte)i vzu)i(vzute

    They are not seen # they arenEt seen1 ei(ele nu sunt vzu)i(vzute

    3 JJ Am 3 seen

    2%

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    1 eu sunt vzut0/ 9 1 sunt eu vzut0/ 9

    Are you seen 1

    tu e*ti vzut0/ 9 1 e*ti tu vzut0/ 9

    3s he:she:it seen 1 el(ea este vzut0/ 9 1 este el(ea vzut0/ 9

    Are 6e seen

    1 noi suntem vzu)i(vzute 9 1 suntem noi vzu)i(vzute 9

    Are you seen

    1 voi sunte)i vzu)i(vzute 9 1 sunte)i voi vzu)i(vzute 9

    Are they seen

    1 ei(ele sunt vzu)i(vzute 9 1 sunt ei(ele vzu)i(vzute 9

    3 % JJ Am 3 not seen # arenEt 3 seen

    1 eu nu sunt vzut(0/ 9 1 nu-s eu vzut(0/ 9

    Are you not seen # arenEt you seen

    1 tu nu e*ti vzut(0/ 9 1 nu e*ti tu vzut(0/9

    3s he:she:it not seen # isnEt he:she:it seen

    1 el (ea nu este vzut0/ 9 1 nu-i el(ea vzut0/ 9

    Are 6e not seen # arenEt 6e seen

    1 noi nu suntem vzu)i(vzute 9 1 nu suntem noi vzu)i(vzute9

    Are you not seen # arenEt you seen

    1 voi nu sunte)i vzu)i( 9 1 nu sunte)i voi vzu)i(vzute9Are they not seen # arenEt they seen 1

    ei(ele nu sunt vzu)i(vzute 9 1 nu-s ei(ele vzu)i(vzute9

    verbul

    7( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+.A&+*9*T% D3AT*9A&AS3$% AS&*CT-.COT3--

    TO ,* ,*38 .OOP*D AT # a fi privit!0"

    A JJ 3 am being loo=ed at

    2&

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    1 eu sunt privit0/

    ou are being loo=ed at

    1 tu e*ti privit0/

    /e:she:it is being loo=ed at1 el(ea este privit0/

    We are being loo=ed at

    1 noi suntem privi)i(privite

    ou are being loo=ed at

    1 voi sunte)i privi)i(private

    They are being loo=ed at

    1 ei(ele sunt privi)i(privite

    JJ 3 am not being loo=ed at 1 3 arenEt being loo=ed at

    1 eu nu sunt privit0/

    ou are not being loo=ed at 1 you arenEt being loo=ed at

    1 tu nu e*ti privit0/

    /e:she:it is not being loo=ed at 1 he:she:it isnEt being loo=ed at

    1 el(ea nu este privit0/ etc

    3 JJ Am 3 being loo=ed at

    1 sunt eu privit0/ 9 etc

    3% JJ Am 3 not being loo=ed at # arenEt 3 being loo=ed at

    1 eu nu sunt privit0/ 9 etcToday he is being a good boy(

    1 =stzi(azi el este biat cuminte

    8( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O++*7.*I3$*.AT3M&-.&+*9*T% AS&*CT-.COM-

    TO *HO O*S*.7 # a se distra : amuza

    A JJ 3 en5oy myself 1 eu m distrez

    ou en5oy yourself1 tu te distrezi

    '

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
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    /e en5oys himself 1 el se distreaz

    She en5oys herself1 ea se distreaz

    6e en5oy ourselves1 noi ne distrm

    you en5oy yourselves 1 voi v distra)ithey en5oy themselves 1 ei(ele se distreaz

    3t en5oys itself1 el(ea se distreaz

    JJ 3 do not en5oy myself # 3 donEt en5oy myself 1 eu nu m distrez etc

    3 JJ Do 3 en5oy myself 1 eu m distrez 9 1 m distrez eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ Do 3 not en5oy myself 1 donEt 3 en5oy myself 1 eu nu m distrez 9 etc

    verbul

    /( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O++*7.*I3$*.AT3M&-.&+*9*T% AS&*CT-.COT3--

    TO ,* *HO38 O*S*.7 # a se distra:amuza

    A JJ 3 am en5oying myself

    1 eu m distrez(amuz 0n acest moment' acum/ etc

    JJ 3 am not en5oying myself

    1 eu nu m distrez(amuz etc

    3 JJ Am 3 en5oying myself

    1 eu m distrez(amuz 9 1 m distrez(amuz eu 9 etc

    3 % JJAm 3 not en5oying myself 1 arenEt 3 en5oying myself

    eu nu m distrez(amuz 9 1 nu m distrez(amuz eu 9 etc

    +*CA&3T-.A+*1 SC/*MACOH-8+33$*+,*.O+.A MOD-.3D3CAT3$2 T3M&-.&+*9*T2 AS&*CT-.COM-(

    A73+MAT3$!A"

    *8AT3$!"

    3T*+O8AT3$

    !3"

    3T*+O8AT3$%

    *8AT3$!3%"

    $*+,* 3 am # eu 3 am not1 eu nu Am 3 1 eu Am 3 not 1 eu1

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    A-I3.3A+* sunt etc( sunt sunt 9 nu sunt 9

    $*+,*

    MODA.*

    3 can !go" #eu pot s0merg/ etc

    3 cannot !go" # 3canEt !go"1 eunu pot s 0merg/

    etc

    Can 3 !go" 1 pot eu s0merg/ 9etc

    Can 3 not !go" #CanEt 3 !go"1 eunu pot s 0merg/9

    etc

    $*+,*&+3C3&A.*

    3 go # eumerg etc

    3 do not go # 3donEt go1 eu numerg etc

    Do 3 go 1eu merg 9 1etc

    Do 3 not go #DonEt 3 go 1 eunu merg 9 etc

    $*+,*.*&+3C3&A.*(:DEID:=6,S,CD:28&F6=*8AT3$2 3T*+O8AT3$2

    +*S&*CT3$3T*+O8AT3$%*8AT3$' C8=28;DG86V,G4868ITODOverbul

    '()(;('(;( T/* &+*S*T &*+7*CT

    Se traduce n limba rom5n prin prezent2 perfect simplu2 perfect compus

    The &resent &erfectse formeaz cu auxiliarul TO/A$*' care se conjug la prezentplus participiul trecut al verbului de con5ugat(

    The &resent &erfectexprim o ac)iune+

    '(trecutL terminatL1

    3 have seen them today( 1 I-am vzut astzi

    ;( trecutL terminatL @n momentul vorbirii1

    Where have you been

    1 8nde ai fost 0p5n acum/ 9

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    1 7e c5nd nve)i tu engleze*te9

    verbul

    A( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+ A-I3.3A+*.AT3M&-.T/*&+*S*T&*+7*CTVerbele auxiliare nu se conjug la &resent &erfect Verbele to be2 to have*i to do se

    pot conjuga la acest timp atunci c5nd ele sunt verbe principale' a*a cum se vede mai jos+

    TO ,* # a fi

    A JJ 3 have been 1 3Eve been1 eu sunt 1 eu s

    you have been 1 youEve been1 tu e*ti

    he:she:it has been1heEs:sheEs:itEs been 1 el(ea este 1 el(ea i(e6e have been 1 6eEve been1 noi suntem

    you have been1youEve been1 voi sunte)i

    they have been # theyEve been 1 ei(ele sunt

    JJ 3 have not been # 3 havenEt been 1 eu nu sunt 1 eu nu-s

    you have not been # you havenEt been 1 tu nu e*ti

    he :she:it has not been # he:she:it hasnEt been 1 el(ea nu este 1 el(ea nu-i 1 el(ea nu e

    6e have not been # 6e havenEt been 1 noi nu suntem

    you have not been # you havenEt been 1 voi nu sunte)i

    they have not been # they havenEt been1 ei(ele nu sunt 1 ei(ele nu-s

    3 JJ have 3 been 1 eu sunt9 1 sunt eu9

    have you been 1 tu e*ti9 1 e*ti tu 9

    has he:she:it been 1 el(ea este(e(i9

    have 6e been1 noi suntem9 1 suntem noi9

    have you been 1 voi sunte)i9 1 sunte)i voi9

    have they been1 ei(ele sunt9 1 sunt ei(ele9

    3 % JJhave 3 not been 1havenEt 3 been 1 eu nu sunt9 1 nu sunt eu9 1 eu nu-s9

    have you not been 1 havenEt you been1 tu nu e*ti9 1 nu e*ti tu9

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
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    has he:she:it not been 1 hasnEt he:she:it been1 el(ea nu este9 1 nu este el(ea9

    have 6e not been 1havenEt 6e been1 noi nu suntem9 1 nu suntem noi9

    have you not been 1havenEt you been1 voi nu sunte)i9 1 nu sunte)i voi9

    have they not been1 havenEt they been1 ei(ele nu sunt9 1 nu sunt ei(ele93 have had 1 eu am 3 eu am avut etc

    3 have done1 am fcut etc

    verbul

    ,( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+ MODA.*.AT3M&-.T/*&+*S*T&*+7*CT

    CA % CO-.D % O % O # to be able to

    A JJ 3 have been able to ((((((

    #pot s 1 sunt n stare s etc(

    JJ 3 have not been able to ((((

    # nu pot s 1 nu sunt n stare s etc

    3 JJ /ave 3 been able to ((((

    #pot eu s 9 1 sunt eu n stare s 9 etc

    3 % JJ/ave 3 not been able to (((

    # nu pot eu s 9 1 nu sunt eu n stare s 9 etc

    /o6 long have you been able to spea= *nglish

    # 7e c5nd *tii(po)i tu s vorbe*ti engleze*te9

    /o6 long have you been allo6ed to drive a car

    # 7e c5t timp po)i ( ai voie tu s conduci ma*ina9

    C( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.* % D3AT*9AACT3$Q2 AS&*CT-.COM-

    TO COM* # A $*3

    A JJ 3 have come 1 eu am venit

    you have come 1 tu ai venit

    he:she:it has come1 el(ea a venit etc

    !

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
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    JJ 3 have not come # 3 havenEt come 1 eu nu am venit etc

    3 JJ have 3 come # am venit eu 1 eu am venit 9 etc

    3% JJhave 3 not come # havenEt 3 come 1 eu nu am venit 9 etc

    3 have come for t6o hours( 1 =m venit de dou ore/o6 long have 3 come 1 7e c5t timp am venit eu 9

    3 have come since one oEcloc=( 1 =m venit de la ora unu

    Since 6hen have 3 come 1 7e c5nd am venit eu 9

    /e has =no6n her since 'R( 1 ,l o cunoa*te din HJK

    Since 6hen has he =no6n her 1 7e c5nd o cunoa*te el9

    verbul

    D( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*% D3AT*9A&AS3$2 AS&*CT-.COM-

    3 have been seen( # ,u sunt vzut etc

    *( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O++*7.*I3$*% AS&*CTCOT3--

    3 have been en5oying myself 1 eu m distrez' etc

    TO &.A # a se 5uca

    A JJ 3 have been playing 1 eu 0m/ joc

    ou have been playing 1 tu 0te/ joci

    /e:she:it has been playing 1 el(ea 0se/ joac etc

    JJ 3 have not been playing 13 havenEt been playing1 eu nu 0m/ joc etc

    3 JJ /ave 3 been playing 1 eu 0m/ joc9 etc

    3 % JJ /ave 3 not been playing 1 havenEt 3 been playing 1 eu nu 0m/ joc 9 etc/o6 long have you been reading the letter 1 7e c5t timp cite*ti scrisoarea 9

    3 =no6 6hat he has been doing today( 1 ,u *tiu ce a fcut el azi(astzi

    verbul

    !H PG,>,:; P,G!,C; B =SP,C; CDM8:

    Where have you been

    1 8nde ai fost tu 0p5n acum/9

    "

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  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    3 have 5ust come(

    1 ,u tocmai am venit

    3 havenEt had dinner yet(

    1 .nc n-am servit cina3 have seen them today(

    1 =zi i-am vzut 1 ,u i-am vzut azi

    /e has been busy lately(

    1 ,l a fost ocupat n ultimul timp

    We have learned *nglish for one year(

    1 :oi nv)m engleze*te de un an

    /e has =no6n her for a long time(

    1 ,l o cunoa*te de mult timp

    /e has been avaricious all his life(

    1 ,l a fost zg5rcit toat via)a lui

    /ave you bought a car yet

    1 =i cumprat deja o ma*in9

    =cest timp' The &resent &erfectse folose*te mult n conversa)ii' scrisori' ziare *i laradio deoarece faptele relatate au o legtur important cu prezentul

    *l apare @n propozi?iile @n care se @ntlnesc adverbe de timp ca1

    5ust1 tocmai(doar( abia'

    yet1 deja(nc'

    recently 1 de cur5nd(recent'

    today1 azi(astzi'

    lately 1 n ultimul timp'

    this 6ee=:month 1 sptm5na( luna aceasta'

    this year1 anul acesta'

    since:from that hour1 de la ora aceea'

    #

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    since :from that day 1 din ziua aceea'

    since:from that moment 1 din momentul acela'

    for a long time1 de mult timp' de mult vreme'

    for long1 de mult'for a fe6 moments 1 de c5teva clipe'

    for a fe6 minutes 1 de c5teva minute'

    since:from Sunday 1 de duminic'

    since:from 'RUR1 din HL etc

    They have been friends since recently(

    1 ,i sunt prieteni de cur5nd

    3 have lived in this to6n till no6:today(

    1 =m locuit n acest ora* p5n acum(azi

    verbul

    7;( T/*&+*S*T&*+7*CT% AS&*CT-.COT3--

    ,xprim o ac)iune trecut neterminat care se poate termina sau nu n prezent

    3 have been 6aiting for you for five minutes(

    1 ;e a*tept de cinci minute

    3 have been 6aited for for five minutes(

    1 Sunt a*teptat de cinci minute

    Since 6hen have you been 6aiting for me

    #7e c5nd m a*tep)i9/o6 long have you been 6aiting for me

    1 7e c5t timp m a*tep)i9

    3 have been 6aiting for you since ten oEcloc=(

    1 ;e a*tept de la ora zece

    3 have never seen a live dinosaur2 have you

    1 :-am vzut niciodat un dinozaur viu' dar tu9

    $

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    We have been living in this city for t6enty years(

    1 6ocuim(trim n acest ora* de douzeci de ani

    We have been living here ever since then(

    16ocuim(trim aici chiar de atunciWe have been playing tennis for ten minutes(

    1 2ucm tenis de zece minute

    /o6 long have 6e been playing tennis

    1 7e c5t timp jucm noi tenis 9

    3 have been living in Craiova since 'R(

    1 ,u locuiesc(triesc n Craiova din HJK

    We have been playing tennis since five oEcloc=(

    12ucm tenis de la ora cinci

    Since 6hen have 6e been playing tennis

    1 7e c5nd jucm noi tenis 9

    The boo= has been being read for t6o hours(

    # Cartea este citit de dou ore

    The match has been being 6atched for thirty minutes(

    # Meciul este privit de treizeci de minute

    The matter has been being discussed for fifteen minutes(

    # Problema se discut de cincisprezece minute

    verbul'()(;('(

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    '( regulate % la forma a II-a *i a III-a de baz primesc termina)ia -ed(

    ;ermina)ia %edse cite*te+

    -V t c5nd este precedat de o consoan nesonor(surd3

    as=ed VXAs=t2 loo=ed Vlu=t% V dc5nd este precedat de o consoan sonor3

    received VriXs3vd 2 proved VXpr-vd

    -V id c5nd este precedat de literelet saud3

    added VX*did' 6anted VX6ontid

    ;( neregulate0vezi lista la sf5r*itul cr)ii/

    verbul

    A( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+A-I3.3A+*.A&ASTT*S*

    TO ,* % WAS:W*+* % ,**

    A JJ 3 6as 1 eu am fost' eu eram

    you 6ere 1 tu ai fost' tu erai

    he:she:it 6as 1 el(ea era(a fost

    6e 6ere1 noi am fost' noi eram

    you 6ere1 voi(dv a)i fost' voi(dv era)i

    they 6ere 1 ei(ele au fost' ei(ele erau

    JJ 3 6as not 1 3 6asnEt1 eu nu am fost 1 eu nu eram

    you 6ere not 1 you 6erenEt1 tu nu ai fost 1 tu nu erai

    he:she:it 6as not 1 he:she:it 6asnEt1 el(ea nu a fost 1 el(ea nu era etc3 JJ 6as 3 1 eu am fost9 1 eu eram 9

    6ere you 1 tu ai fost9 1 tu erai 9

    6as he:she:it 1 el(ea a fost 9 1 el(ea era 9 etc

    3 K JJ 6as 3 not 1 6asnEt 3 1 eu nu am fost 9 1 eu nu eram 9

    6ere you not 1 6erenEt you 1 tu nu ai fost 9 1 tu nu erai 9

    6as he:she:it not 1 6asnEt he:she:it 1 el(ea nu a fost 9 1 el(ea nu era9 etc

    &

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
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    verbul

    TO /A$* % /AD % /AD

    A JJ 3 had 1 eu am avut' eu aveam

    you had 1 tu ai avut' tu aveaihe :she:it had 1 el(ea a avut' el(ea avea

    6e had1 noi am avut' noi aveam

    you had 1 voi(dv a)i avut' voi(dv =vea)i

    they had 1 ei(ele au avut' ei(ele aveau

    JJ 3 had not # 3 hadnEt1 eu nu am avut 1 eu n-am avut 1 eu nu aveam etc

    3 JJ had 31 eu am avut9' eu aveam9 etc

    3 K JJ had 3 not # hadnEt 3 1 eu nu am avut 9 1 eu nu aveam 9 etc

    TO DO % D3D % DO*

    A JJ 3 did1 eu am fcut' eu fceam

    you did1 tu ai fcut' tu fceai

    he:she:it did1 el ( ea a fcut' el(ea fcea

    6e did1 noi am fcut' noi fceam

    you did 1 voi(dv a)i fcut' voi ( dv fcea)i

    they did1 ei(ele au fcut' ei ( ele fceau

    JJ 3 did not do # 3 didnEt do 1 eu nu am fcut' eu nu fceam etc

    3 JJ Did 3 do 1 eu am fcut 9' eu fceam 9 etc

    3 K JJ Did 3 not do # didnEt 3 do 1 eu nu am fcut 9' eu nu fceam 9 etcS/O-.Deste auxiliar pentru The 7uture in the &ast' persoana I singular *i plural'

    precum *i pentru formarea modului condi)ional 0prezent *i perfect/

    WO-.D este auxiliar pentru The 7uture in the &astpers II - III *i condi)ional

    ,l l poate nlocui pe should la pers I sg *i pl at5t la timpul The 7uture in the &ast c5t*i la modul condi)ional

    verbul

    ,( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+MODA.*.A&ASTT*S*!'

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    CO-.D

    A JJ 3 could !go" 1 3 6as able to !go"

    1 eu puteam(eram n stare s 0merg/

    ou could !go" 1 you 6ere able to !go"1 tu puteai(erai n stare s 0mergi/

    /e:she:it could !go" 1 he:she:it 6as able to !go"

    1 el(ea putea(era n stare s 0mearg/ etc

    JJ 3 could not !go"#3 couldnEt !go"#3 6as not able to !go"#3 6asnEt able to !go"

    1eu nu puteam 0/1eu nu eram n stare s

    3 JJ could 3 !go" # 6as 3 able to !go"

    1 eu puteam s 0/9 1 puteam eu s 0/9 1 eu eram n stare s 0/9 1 eram eun stare

    3 K JJ could 3 not !go" # couldnEt 3 !go" # 6as 3 not able to !go" # 6asnEt 3 able to!go"

    1 eu nu puteam 0merge/9

    Verbul CO-.D exprim+'( abilitatea @n trecutG

    3 could spea= 8erman last year13 6as able to spea= 8erman last year

    1

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    altele exprim *i permisiunea' poate exprima permisiunea la trecut atunci c5nd maydevinemighttransformat din vorbire direct n vorbire indirect

    FMay 3 go on the tripF2 as=ed Mary(

    1 - Pot merge n excursie' ntreb Mar devine @n vorbirea indirect01

    Mary as=ed if she might go on the trip( # Mary as=ed if she 6as allo6ed to go onthe trip(

    1 Mar a ntrebat dac poate s mearg n excursie

    1 Mar a ntrebat dac i este ngduit s mearg n excursie

    Verbul M38/T exprim+

    a" posibilitatea @n prezent !might fiind auxiliar modal la condi)ional prezent"1

    /e might be there( 1 =r putea fi acolo

    Might he still be there

    1 =r putea fi acolo nc 9 1 =r putea fi tot acolo 9

    b" posibilitatea @n trecut 1 ou might have succeeded if you had tried(

    1 ;u ai fi putut reu*i dac ai fi ncercat 1 S-ar fi putut s reu*e*ti dac ai fi ncercat3 =ne6 he might be late(

    1

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    /AD TO # A T+*,-3 SA

    A JJ 3 had to !go" 1 eu trebuia s 0merg/

    you had to !go" 1 tu trebuia s 0mergi/

    he:she:it had to !go" 1 el(ea trebuia s0mearg/ etc JJ 3 had not to !go" # 3 hadnEt to !go" # 3 did not !didnEt" have to !go"

    1 eu nu trebuia s 0/ 1 eu nu a 0n-a/ trebuit s 0/

    3 JJ had 3 to !go" # did 3 have to !go"

    1 eu trebuia s 0merg/ 9 etc

    3% JJ had 3 not to !go" # did 3 not have to !go"

    1 eu nu trebuia s 0merg/ 9 etc

    S/O-.D# trebuia2 se cuvenea s0

    Shouldeste a doua form de baz 0adic &ast Tense/ a verbului shall*i exprim oobliga)ie' sau o recomandare n trecut

    We should learn(1 ;rebuia s nv)m 1 Se cuvenea s nv)m

    .n aceast situa ie shouldeste sinonim cu ought to

    A JJ 3 should !go" 1 eu trebuia s 0merg/ 0se cuvenea s merg/

    you should !go"1 tu trebuia s 0mergi/

    he :she:it should !go"1 el(ea trebuia s 0mearg/ etc

    JJ 3 should not !go" # 3 shouldnEt !go"1 eu nu trebuia s 0merg/ etc(

    3 JJ should 3 !go" 1 trebuia eu s 0merg/ 9 etc

    3% JJ should 3 not !go" # shouldnEt 3 !go" 1 nu trebuia eu s 0merg/ 9 etc

    Should N infinitiv perfect # obliga?ie @n trecut

    ou should have told us the truth( # ou ought to have told us the truth(

    1 =r fi trebuit s ne spui adevrul

    ou shouldnEt have refused their help(

    1:-ar fi trebuit s le fi refuzat ajutorul

    !

  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    verbul

    WO-.D 1 a voi

    A JJ 3 6ould !see" 1 eu voiam s 0/ 3 eu vedeam' obi*nuiam s 0/

    you 6ould !see"1 tu voiai s 0/ 3 tu vedeai' obi*nuiai

    he:she:it 6ould !see"

    1 el(ea voia s 0vad/ 3 el(ea vedea' obi*nuia s 0vad/ etc

    JJ 3 6ould not !see" 1 3 6ouldnEt !see"

    1 eu nu voiam s 0vd/3 eu nu vedeam etc

    3 JJ 6ould 3 !see"

    1 voiam eu s 0vd/ 9 3 obi*nuiam eu s 0vd/ 9' vedeam eu 9 eu vedeam9 etc

    3 % JJ 6ould 3 not !see" # 6ouldnEt 3 !see"

    1 eu nu voiam s 0vd/ 9 1 nu voiam eu s 0vd/93 eu nu obi*nuiam s 0vd/9

    Wouldeste a II-a form de baz a verbului 6ill(

    3 understood he 6ould not see them(

    1 =m n)eles c nu voia s-i vad

    Verbul WO-.D exprim+

    a" % ac?iune repetat0 @n trecut 06ould # used to/

    /e 6ould go s6imming 6ith other boys( # /e used to go s6imming 6ith other boys

    1 ,l obi*nuia s noate cu al)i bie)i

    b" % dorin?0 @n trecut /e 6ould go on the trip(1 ,l dorea s mearg n excursie

    **D

    Se folose*te la negativ *i interogativ urmat de infinitiv fr particula to(

    eednEturmat de infinitiv perfect exprim c s-a petrecut ceva nenecesar

    ou neednEt have gone there

    1:u era necesar(nevoie s fi mers acolo

    !!

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    3 =ne6 3 need not repeat the Yuestion(

    #

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    3% JJ-se!d"nEt 3 to !play" # 6ouldnEt 3 !play"

    1 eu nu obi*nuiam s 0joc/ 9 etc

    % to be used to 1 a fi obi*nuit ( nv)at cu ( s

    /e 6as used to their dogs(1 ,l era obi*nuit ( nv)at cu c5inii lor

    /e 6as used to catch fish(

    1 ,l era nv)at ( obi*nuit s prind pe*te

    % to get used to # a se nv a (obi nui cu

    We got used to these 6or=ing conditions(

    1 ;rebuia s ne obi*nuim cu aceste condi)ii de munc

    There used to be some tents on this ground last summer2 use!d"nEt there

    1 ,rau ni*te corturi pe terenul acesta vara trecut' nu-i a*a 9

    % didnEt use to % este formL colocvialLG use!d"nEt to este forma literarL

    =lte structuri modale+

    had better # mai bine sL

    We had better arrived there earlier than later(

    Mai bine s ajungem acolo mai devreme dec5t mai t5rziu(

    6ould rather ((( than(((# a prefera s dec5t s

    3 6ould rather 6al= than ta=e a taxi(

    # A prefera sL merg pe 5os dect sL iau un taxi(

    $*+,-.C( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*% AS&*CT-.COM-2 D3AT*9AACT3$

    TO S** % SAW % S** !verb principal neregulat"

    A JJ 3 sa61 eu am vzut' eu vedeam

    you sa6 1 tu ai vzut' tu vedeai

    he:she:it sa6 1 el(ea a vzut' el(ea vedea

    6e sa61 noi am vzut' noi vedeam

    !#

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    you sa61 voi a)i vzut' voi vedea)i

    they sa61 ei(ele au vzut' ei(ele vedeau

    JJ 3 did not see # 3 didnEt see 1 eu nu am vzut

    you did not see # you didnEt see1 tu nu ai vzuthe:she:it did not see # he:she:it didnEt see1 el(ea nu a vzut etc

    3 JJ did 3 see 1 eu am vzut 9 1 am vzut eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ did 3 not see # didnEt 3 see 1 eu nu am 0n-am/ vzut 9 etc

    verbul

    TO ASW*+ % ASW*+*D % ASW*+*D # a rspunde 0verb regulat/

    A JJ 3 ans6ered1 eu am rspuns 6e ans6ered1 noi am rspuns

    you ans6ered 1 tu ai rspuns you ans6ered1 voi a)i rspuns

    he:she:it ans6ered1 el(ea a rspuns they ans6ered1 ei(ele au rspuns

    JJ 3 did not ans6er # 3 didnEt ans6er1 eu nu am rspuns

    you did not ans6er # you didnEt ans6er1 tu nu ai rspuns

    he:she:it did not ans6er # he:she:it didnEt ans6er1 el(ea nu a rspuns etc3 JJ did 3 ans6er 1 eu am rspuns 9 1 am rspuns eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ did 3 not ans6er 1 didnEt 3 ans6er 1 eu nu am rspuns 9 etc

    TO DA+* % DA+*D % DA+*D # a indrazni'a provoca

    A JJ 3 dared 1 eu am ndrznit 6e dared 1 noi am ndrznit

    you dared 1 tu ai ndrznit you dared1 voi a)i ndrznit

    he:she:it dared 1 el(ea a ndrznit they dared1 ei(ele au ndrznit

    JJ 3 did not dare 13 didnEt dare1 eu nu am 0n-am/ ndrznit etc

    3 JJ did 3 dare 1 eu am ndrznit 9 1 am ndrznit eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ did 3 not dare 1 didnEt 3 dare

    1 eu nu am ndrznit 9 1 n-am ndrznit eu 9 etc

    They dared me to do it but 3 didnEt dare(!$

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    1 ,i m-au provocat s-o fac' dar eu n-am avut curajul

    3 did not dare to brea= my promise:6ord(

    1 :u am ndrznit s-mi calc promisiunea(cuv5ntul

    Hohn did not dare to go there2 did he 1 2ohn n-a ndrznit s mearg(plece acolo' nu-i a*a 9

    verbul

    TO **D % **D*D % **D*D# a necesita' a solicita

    This 6or= needed much s=ill(

    1 ;reaba aceasta a necesitat( solicitat( presupus mult ndem5nare( pricepere

    A JJ 3 needed 1 eu am avut nevoie 1 mie mi-a trebuit

    you needed 1 tu ai avut nevoie 1 )ie )i-a trebuit

    he:she:it needed 1 el(ea a avut nevoie 1 lui(ei i-a trebuit

    6e needed 1 noi am avut nevoie 1 nou ne-a trebuit

    you needed 1 voi a)i avut nevoie 1 vou v-a trebuit

    they needed 1 ei(ele au avut nevoie 1 lor le-a trebuit

    JJ 3 did not need 1 3 didnEt need

    1 eu nu am avut nevoie 1 mie nu mi-a trebuit etc

    3 JJ did 3 need

    1 eu am avut nevoie 9 1 am avut eu nevoie 9 1 mi-a trebuit mie 9 1 mie mi-a trebuit9 etc

    3 % JJ did 3 not need # didnEt 3 need

    1 eu nu am avut nevoie 9 1 n-am avut eu nevoie9They didnZt need our help2 did they

    1,i nu au avut nevoie de ajutorul nostru' nu-i a*a916or nu le-a trebuit ajutorul nostru' a*a-i9

    Did they need any help

    1 =u avut ei nevoie de vreun ajutor 9 1 6e-a trebuit lor vreun ajutor 9

    &lants and animals needed rain(

    !%

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    1 Plantele *i animalele aveau nevoie de ploaie

    We needed a lot of time

    1 =m avut nevoie de mult timp 1 :e-a trebuit mult vreme

    verbulD( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*% D3AT*9AACT3$2 AS&*CT-.COT3--

    TO S&*AP % S&OP* % S&OP* # a vorbi

    A JJ

    3 6as spea=ing # eu vorbeam

    you 6ere spea=ing # tu vorbeai

    he:she 6as spea=ing # el(ea vorbea

    6e 6ere spea=ing # noi vorbeam

    you 6ere spea=ing 1 voi vorbea)i

    they 6ere spea=ing 1 ei(ele vorbeau

    JJ 3 6as not !6asnEt" spea=ing 1 eu nu vorbeam etc

    3 JJ 6as 3 spea=ing 1 vorbeam(am vorbit eu 9 etc

    3% JJ6as 3 not !6asnEt 3 " spea=ing 1 nu vorbeam eu 9 etc

    *( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*% D3AT*9A&AS3$2 AS&*CT-.COM-

    TO S** % SAW% S**

    A JJ3 6as seen 1 eu am fost vzut0/

    you 6ere seen 1 tu ai fost vzut0/he:she:it 6as seen 1 el(ea a fost vzut0/

    6e 6ere seen1 noi am fost vzu)i(vzute

    you 6ere seen1 voi a)i fost vzu)i(vzute

    they 6ere seen 1 ei(ele au fost vzu)i(vzute

    JJ 3 6as not seen 1 3 6asnEt seen1 eu nu am fost vzut0/ etc

    3 JJ 6as 3 seen 1 eu am fost vzut9 1 am fost eu vzut0/9 etc

    !&

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
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    3 % JJ 6as 3 not seen # 6asnEt 3 seen 1 eu nu am fost vzut0/9 etc

    verbul

    7( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+&+3C3&A.*% D3AT*9A&AS3$2 AS&*CT-.COT3--

    TO ,* ,*38 .OOP*D AT !by smb(" # a fi privit !de cineva"A JJ 3 6as being loo=ed at 1 eu eram privit0/

    you 6ere being loo=ed at 1 tu erai privit0/

    he:she:it 6as being loo=ed at 1 el(ea era privit0/

    6e 6ere being loo=ed at1 noi eram privi)i(privite

    you 6ere being loo=ed at 1 voi era)i privi)i:privite

    they 6ere being loo=ed at1 ei erau privi)i(private

    JJ 3 6as not being loo=ed at 1 3 6asnEt being loo=ed at 1 eu nu eram privit0/ etc

    3 JJ 6as 3 being loo=ed at 1 eram eu privit0/9 etc

    3% J6as 3 not being loo=ed at 1 6asnEt 3 being loo=ed at 1 eu nu eram privit0/9 etc

    verbul

    8( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O++*7.*I3$* % AS&*CT-.COM-

    TO *HO % *HO*D % *HO*D O*S*.7 # a se distra

    A JJ 3 en5oyed myself 1 eu m-am distrat(amuzat

    you en5oyed yourself 1 tu te-ai distrat(amuzat

    he:she:it en5oyed himself:herself:itself 1 el(ea s-a distrat(amuzat6e en5oyed ourselves 1 noi ne-am distrat(amuzat

    you en5oyed yourselves 1 voi v-a)i distrat(amuzat

    they en5oyed themselves 1 ei(ele s-au distrat(amuzat

    JJ 3 did not en5oy myself # 3 didnEt en5oy myself 1 eu nu m-am distrat etc

    3 JJ did 3 en5oy myself 1 eu m-am distrat 9 1 m-am distrat eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ did 3 not en5oy myself # didnEt 3 en5oy myself 1 eu nu m-am distrat 9 etc

    "'

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

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    verbul

    /( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O++*7.*I3$* % AS&*CT-.COT3--

    TO *HO O*S*.7 # a se distra

    A JJ 3 6as en5oying myself1 eu m distram(amuzam

    you 6ere en5oying yourself

    1 tu te distrai(amuzai

    he 6as en5oying himself

    1 el se distra(amuza

    she 6as en5oying herself

    1 ea se distra(amuza

    it 6as en5oying itself

    1 el(ea se distra(amuza

    6e 6ere en5oying ourselves

    1 noi ne distram(amuzam

    you 6ere en5oying yourselves

    1 voi v distra)i(amuza)i

    they 6ere en5oying themselves

    1 ei(ele se distrau(amuzau

    JJ 3 6as not !6asnEt" en5oying myself

    1 eu nu m distram etc3 JJ 6as 3 en5oying myself

    1 eu m distram9 1 m distram eu 9 etc

    3 % JJ 6as 3 not !6asnEt 3" en5oying myself

    1 eu nu m distram 9 etc

    3 sa6 him a moment ago(

    1 6-am vzut acum o clip 1 6-am vzut mai nainte

    "1

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

    52/152

    The boys al6ays played tennis in the afternoon(

    1 4ie)ii jucau totdeauna tenis dup amiaza(masa

    3 met them on Sunday afternoon(

    1 I-am nt5lnit duminic dup amiaz(mas3 entered the house as soon as it began to rain(

    1 =m intrat n cas de ndat ce a nceput s plou

    They ate lunch together every day(

    1 ,i au servit pr5nzul mpreun n fiecare zi

    The &ast Tenseapare n propozi)iile n care se nt5lnesc adverbe de timp ca+

    yesterday1 ieri'

    the day before yesterday1 alaltieri'

    t6o days:6ee=s:months: ago1 acum dou zile( sptm5ni( luni'

    last time1 ultima dat(oar'

    last 6ee=: month 1 sptm5na(luna trecut'

    last year1 anul trecut etc

    Did you see Hohn earlier this 6ee=

    1 6-ai vzut pe 2ohn mai pe la nceputul sptm5nii acesteia9

    7e re)inut urmtoarele perechi de exemple corecte +

    3 sa6 Hohn today( # 3 have seen Hohn today(

    1 6-am vzut pe 2ohn azi

    3 sa6 Hohn this 6ee=:month( # 3 have seen Hohn this 6ee=:month(1 6-am vzut pe 2ohn sptm5na(luna aceasta

    3 sa6 Hohn recently( # 3 have seen Hohn recently(

    1 6-am vzut pe 2ohn recent

    verbul

    '()(;('(>( MA3 M-.T CA &*+7*CT !T/* &AST &*+7*CT"

    "2

    http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/HYPERLINK%23modindicativ
  • 7/26/2019 VERBUL Cu Exemple 3

    53/152

    ,xprim o ac)iune trecut terminat anterioar altei ac)iuni trecute terminate

    Se formeaz cu had plus participiul trecut al verbului de con5ugat(

    3t had begun to rain !'":6hen 3 entered the house !;"(

    1 .ncepuse s plou c5nd am intrat n casA( COH-8A+*A$*+,*.O+A-I3.3A+*.AT/*&AST&*+7*CT

    TO ,* % WAS:W*+* % ,**

    A JJ 3 had been 1 eu fusesem 6e had been 1 noi fusesem

    you had been 1 tu fusesei you had been1 voi fusese)i

    he:she:it had been 1 el(ea fusese they had been 1 ei(ele fuseser

    JJ 3 had not been 1 3 hadnEt