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006

Z`daetle` A`eu

QE Z@DI_IV EH_QK@_ E D@OL_LEXQD F_LL KIHA_EA

_AFAE]LL

QE Z@DI_IV EH_QK@_E D@OL_LEXQD F_LL KIHA_EA

D` s`dieud E`lie`d ha F`rta hasur`t d` srlt ha `ugust efaput ha saptak-orla ?>0? d` Fblleu ` ist prazaet`t, l`r e ?>06 ` ist tlr`m`t, fad ha-`d tralda` l

udtlkud viduk `d prilaftudul F`rta` Kidhival, f`ra iar i avlhae ` tlprlturldire urk` farfatrll f`t`di`gadir l fidaflldir lestltulldir-hapizlt`ra ha hifukaetap`trlkiel`da hle _apuodlf` Kidhiv`= olodlitafl, kuzaa, `rblva l `dta lestltull hafudtur. ^rle `p`rll` vidukudul `d tralda` letltud`t F`rta` Kidhival (saf. RZLL -efap. saf. RR). Zid.6. F`rta` Kihare (saf. RLR - efap. saf. RR-da`). F`t`diggaear`d. @dft. A. V`ehu, X. ^dflet, Z. J`rk`glu, F.Vdutu-Gr`k`, E. K`tal, ^.

Fimub`rl, Fblleu, ?>06, 16? p., ` ist efbal`t i lkpirt`et at`p e haplst`ra`,farfat`ra` l f`t`dig`ra` frl vafbl l kiharea hle `r` Kidhival, `pil l hle pri-vlefl` `rlst O`s`r`ol`, fu efapara ha d` ieh`ra` prlkal tlpigr`ff d` L`l l `p`rll`prlkal frl lkprlk`ta e `r` Kidhival, ffleh viro` ha F`rta` rikea`sf hae-vturetifklt ha Z`rd``k, L`l, 0:86, l efbaleh fu ahlllda hle 0-2> l saf. d RR-da` prle fu-kudrl l etifklra` ha ffa fiefrata ha ftra spafl`dltll olodligr`ff ha d` Olodlitaf`E`lie`d ` _apuodlfl Kidhiv` (pa `tuefl Olodlitaf` _apuodlf`e E. F. Crupsf`l`hle Fblleu) Ele` K`tal, Z daetle` J`rk`glu l, ha d` Olodlitaf` tllelfff Faetr`d` @f`haklal ha tllea ` Kidhival, Fd`uhl` Vdutu. Xrapt`t `ftlvlt`ta` fadir hiu fi-daftlva hlft`t uelra` airturldir spra ad`oir` ue slegur f`t`dig f`ra s etruea`sfti`ta ueltlda ha f`rta vafba l kihare tlprlt e sp`lud lstirlf d Kidhival, hlfahlllda `pruta e `r` Kidhival (hup 0771 l raspaftlv hup 020?, hup `eax`ra`

Oufivleal ha Lkparlud B`osourglf l O`s`r`olal ha Lkparlud `rlst), e ^rleflp`tudKidhival, e O`s`r`ol`, Oufivle` l tarltirlud hle steg` Elstrudul pipud`t ha rikell e fad `d _ikelal Kiharea hup 021

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_AZLVX@ HA LVXI_LA @ KIDHIZAL

_AFAE]LL

`d @K, s-` hafls rafik`eh`ra` ueul spafl`dlst e hikaelud lstirlal l fudturl e`li-e`da, `d tlp`rudul l frll, e spafl`d, ffleh `ffapt`t e f`dlt`ta ha rah`ftir tllelfff l`utir d stuhlldir letrihuftlva, @ehral A`eu, hiftir e lstirla, pa tuefl, avaelkaetf`ra sa prihufa` pa d` klmdifud eldir 2> `l fadul`l safid, ir, fiesudt`ell olodligr`ffha pe `tuefl, Lie K`h`e l Zd`hlklr Fblrl`f, l efbal`sar ieir`old klsluea`.etruell e k`l kudta ahlea, raprazaet`ell `hklelstr`lldir k`l sus `rt`tadir ol-odlitafl, spafl`dltl olodligr`ff l olodlidigl, e prlkud reh, fal hle safllda ha F`rtar`r, l rah`ftirud tllelfff, `u hafls etifklra` ueul prispaft-fiefapla ` vllti`raldufrrl olodligr`fffa ha pripirll, f`ra sa letaelie` ` ff ue` ha oue elvad tllelfff lr`firh`t d` hazlhar`tada ueir f`t`di`ga ha f`rta ha evargur e`lie`d.

Fu ti`ta f hup el ha kuef sa `fukud`sa ue k`tarl`d olodligr`fff aeirk, s-`fiest`t`t f airtud ha haplst`ra hifukaetadir ahltirl`da hapizlt`ta e prleflp`dadaolodlitafl hle _VV Kidhivaea`sf (Olodlitaf` _apuodlf`e ha Vt`t, Olodlitaf`

@f`haklal ha tllea, fada `da kuzaadir= ha `rta pd`stlfa, ha dltar`tur, istada kuzaa`da radlglal, ha lstirla, ha ateigr`ffa l olodlitaf` @rblval ha Vt`t ` _VVK, ti`ta hleFblleu) eafaslt`u `dta levastlg`l ha pripirll, k`l `das e faa` fa prlvata f`rta`ha hlvars e`tur, `prut e O`s`r`ol` e Apif` Kihare (026>-0- `l safidudul trafut, s-`upriffd`t prlkada hiu viduka `da `fastul f`t`dig gaear`d. D` `fa`st at`p s-` lefdus

e `ftlvlt`ta` fidaftlvudul l faetrud Lstirl` fudturll kidhivaeatl, fiehus ha @ehralA`eu, ha pa deg J`fudt`ta` ha Lstirla ` Qelvarsltl ha Vt`t hle Kidhiv`, f`ra `sprlmlelt ffe`efl`r ftlvltlda, lefduslv fada ha ahlt`ra prlkadir hiu viduka. e urk` airtudul fiemug t `d fidaftlvudul ha `dftultirl suo ehruk`ra`rah`ftirudul tllelfff, ` `prut F`rta` Kidhival.Vaf. RZLL - efaputud saf. RR.Zid. L= Ahlll vafbl saf. RZLL efap. saf. RLR. F`t`dig gaear`d. @df. E. K`tal,F. Vdutu, Z. J`rk`glu. Fid. ha rah.= @.L. A`eu. Fblleu, Ah. tlle`, 01 ldustr`ll. LVOE 1-67:->>70:-?. e vidukud L `u ist lefdusa 10 hatlprlturl vafbl, e eukr ha 0?6 axakpd`ra e dlkolda rike, sd`vie, gark`e,rus .`. lalta hle tlp`relada kidhivaeatl (0:86-020?) l hle `dta rl, ueha `u ist

lkprlk ta dufrrl da ueir `utirl hle Kidhiv`, fuk r ff Hlkltrla F`etaklr. Fad ha-`d hilda` viduk F`rta` Kidhival.(Vaf. RZLL - efaputud saf. RR). Zid. LL= Ahlll fuf`r`ftara fblrldlfa (saf. RLR efap. saf. RR). F`t`dig gaear`d. @df. Z. J`rk`glu,E. K`tal, F. Vdutu. Fid. ha rah.= @.L. A`eu. Fblleu, Ah. tlle`, 0

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Z`daetle` A`eu

QE Z@DI_IV EH_QK@_ E D@OL_LEXQD F_LL KIHA_EA

ra`dlz`ra olodligr`fff. Airtud fidaftlvudul ist prafl`t fbl`r d` fa` at`p, etruftvidukud L, `prut e pr`gud proulrl Q._.V.V, p`rtlflpeh d` ue fiefurs uelie`d(@dk`-@t`, 0?-?>0? ` ist efbal`t kuef` ha haplst`ra ` hifukaetadir ahltirl`da `prutaprapieharaet e O`s`r`ol`, h`r l e `dta faetra tlpigr`fffa hle rleflp`tud Kidhivall e _ikel` hup 021-00?-?>06= F`rta` Kidhival (saf. RZLL - efap.

saf. RR). Zid.6. F`rta` Kihare (saf. RLR - efap. saf. RR-da`). F`t`dig gaea-r`d. @dft. A. V`ehu, X. ^dflet, Z. J`rk`glu, F.Vdutu-Gr`k`, E. K`tal, ^.Fimub`rl. Fid. rah. ha @daxa _u, Fblleu, ?>06, 16?p. LVOE

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_AZLVX@ HA LVXI_LA @ KIDHIZAL

_AFAE]LL

ioleut pi`ta ff euklt, e stldud dul Qkoarti Afi, @parta F`t`digus O`ss`r`ol`e(Kidh`vl`e) Olodlidigy Xaz`uras. e stuhlud letrihuftlv F`rta` Kidhival, e apif` kihare(p. 1-0?), sake`tha @ehral A`eu, farfattir tllelfff prleflp`d d` Lestltutud ha Lstirla `d @f`haklalha tllea ` Kidhival, sa `fa i sfurt lstirla ` frll ha d` `p`rll` al e `etlfblt`tasuo irk ha sud, `pil ha fihlfa k`eusfrls, pe d` prlk` f`rta tlprlt e Aurip`(088>) l e rlda _ikea, e spafl`d (01>2). e fietleu`ra `utirud sa iprata d`avidul` frll f` aeikae fudtur`d l purttir ha eadapfluea e rlda _ikea, esp`lud lstirlf `d rll Kidhival, e spafl`d, f` s sa fiefaetraza pa d`rg `supr` frllkiharea, hup 026>, e pd`e e`lie`d rikeasf. @utirud `r`t f prle fietrlou-l` ueir k`rl e`let`l, f`rta` tlprlt l-` frilt trapt`t f`da, ffleh tit k`l rafvaetutldlz`t eu euk`l e kestlrl l olsarlfl, h`r l e evket, e vl`` fudtur`dl tlle. Hletra tazada prikiv`ta ha `utir hasprlehak fiefduzl` f `ol` e apif`

ha trafara ha d` kahlav`d d` kihare (` hiu` muk. ` saf. RZLLL prlkada hafaell `dasaf. d RLR) f`rta` tlprlt havlea hikle`et, edifuleh-i trapt`t pa fa` k`eusfrlsf`ra l ` difud e hapizltada k`rldir olodlitafl. Xitih`t, utirud r`t f e `fal`lparli`h efapa ue letaes prifasud ha d`lflz`ra ` frll, prifas f`ra sa gaear`dlza`ze apif` kihare, feh e prlk pd`e sa lkpuea f`rta` ha fudtur, ha tlle l tab-elf, ha fffluea `rtlstlf, piazla l ffdiziffa. e pd`e fikp`r`tlv, `utirud fiest`t f,h`f e ^rleflp`tud Kidhival (020?-0212) l _ikel` kihare (021. F`rta`havlea kudt k`l lajle l k`l ffaslold l fiestltula ue `ftir haflslv e lestrulra` lahuf`l` gaear`lal tleara, e irk`ra` l ffrk`ra` k`rldir parsie`dltl ha tlle lfudtur, e tr`esirkrlda sifl`d-afieiklfa, pidltlfa l fudtur`da. e fa`st parli`h,fiehlllda ha ffrk`ra frll, e fada tral privlefll lstirlfa da rll Kidhival, ffaf`rafu hastleud su `p`rta, `u ist hlarlta. Fu ti`ta `fasta`, f`rta`, pa ueha k`l dasea,pa ueha k`l eavilis, l-` frilt f`da` spra fltltir, spra suatud l lelk` fadir hirelflha fuei`tara, ha eadapfluea, lehlaraet f ar` hle ^rleflp`tud Kidhival s`u hle_ikel` kihare (hup 021

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Z`daetle` A`eu

QE Z@DI_IV EH_QK@_ E D@OL_LEXQD F_LL KIHA_EA

dagtur` splrltu`d prle f`rta hletra istada prl fikpieaeta `da rll Kidhival s-`kaeleut l fbl`r s-` `kpdlfff t ha d` ue hafaelu d` dtud, ha d` i gaear`la ha frtur`rll letadaftu`dl d` `dt`.

Zidukud k`l etrueata e p`rta` s` letrihuftlv i suost`el`d Eit `supr`ahllal etifklt ha `dftultirl, e f`ra asta raaft`t eu euk`l oig`t` dir axpa-rlae e etifklra` f`t`digudul ha `, h`r l prleflpllda ha lefduhara ` ueltldirhifukaet`ra tlprlta fu f`r`ftara kiharea (`d`oat ha tr`ezlla, d`tlea, rusatl) etlpigr`fflda l ahlturlda Kidhival e bit`rada al lstirlfa, `da O`s`r`olal l Oufivlealha Eirh, e saf. RLR efap. saf. RR, prafuk l ` iparadir ueir parsie`dltl pria-kleaeta l e`let`l l fudturll, irlgle`rl hle O`s`r`ol`, Oufivle` l rleflp`tud Kid-hival (H. F`etaklr, K. Akleasfu, Z. @dafs`ehrl, @d. Vturhz`, K. Cigdelfa`eu, O.^.B`shau, E. Lirg` .`.), f`ra u vzut dukle` tlp`rudul hlefidi ha bit`rada lstirlfa daKidhival, lehlaraet ha dlko` e f`ra u ist ahlt`ta.

Fieirk prleflplldir ha sadaft`ra e f`t`dig eu suet lefdusa puodlf`llda sarl`da,hafratada, k`elastada, ilda vid`eta, eita kuzlf`da l dta k`tarl`da fu ue viduk k`lklf ha 1 p`glel.

^`rta` faetr`d vidukudul fuprleha F`rta` kihare (saf. RLR- ef. saf. RR).F`t`dig gaear`d(p. 01-6206 vidukud ` ist kudtlpdlf`t d` faetrud ahltirl`d `d Olodlitafll E`lie`da.

Du`t e `es`kodu, vidukud `d tralda` `d Frll Kidhivalraprazlet i takalelfdufr`ra olodligr`fff fu f`r`ftar axb`ustlv gaear`d, e viduk ha 16? p`glel (::,1 fidlha tlp`r), ra`dlz`t d` fad k`l e`dt elvad tllelfff, fu raspaft`ra` st`eh`rhadir e vl-gi`ra.

Dufr`ra` asta hastle`t farfattirldir tllelfffl, dufrtirldir hle olodlitafl, ku-zaa, `rblva, raprazaeteh ue lestrukaet lkpirt`et e prifasud ha ad`oir`ra ` ueirtr`t`ta f`haklfa, e ra`dlz`ra` `ftlvltldir dag`ta ha irk`ra`, irg`elz`ra`, fiesar-v`ra`, pueara` e v`di`ra l pstr`ra` paetru gaear`llda vllti`ra ` kieukaetadirhifukaet`ra `da lstirlal, fudturll l flvldlz`lal, `tt e`lie`da, ft l uelvars`da.

Z`daetle` A`eu