universitaria 12
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revistaTRANSCRIPT
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CUPRINS
Adriana Aura Spnu
Kinetoterapia n geriatrie............................................................1 Geriatric kinesiotherapy.............................................................3
Adriana Neofit Mircea Ion Ene
Optimizarea planificrii educrii i dezvoltrii psihomotricitii sportivilor judoka de 10 - 11 ani.................................................6 Planing optimization of education and development of psychomotricity for judoka 10-11 years sportsmen..11
Eugen Batiurea Corelaia dintre capacitatea de reglare a parametrilor dinamici i pregtirea fizic a juctorilor de handbal..................................16 The correlation between the capacity of regulating the dynamic parameter and the physical training of the handball players ....20
Hariton A. Haritonidis, Vasiliki K. Tyrovola
Dans si identitate de gen tsift (e)-teli dance n farassa, kappadokia...............................................................................23 Dance and gender identity the tsift(e)-teli dance in farassa, kappadokia...............................28
Mircea Ion Ene Judo, comunicare i lucru n echip.....33 Judo, communication and team working.................................36
Oana Srbu Studiu comparativ privind creterea i dezvoltarea fizic a copiilor de vrst colar att din mediul urban ct i din mediul rural n corelaie cu factorii de mediu i socio-economici..38 Comparative reaserch on growth and phisical development of the school age children both in urban and in rural areas and the correlation between environmental factors and social factors economic..42
Rodica Marinescu
Aspecte imagistice ale complicaiilor rahidiene postoperatorii ..................................................................................................45 Imaging aspects of postoperative spinal complications49
Viorica Lefter Oana Andreea Cibu
Abordare kinetic i nutriional a obezitii. (studiu)...........52 Kinetic and nutritional approach of the obesity. (study)...57
Prezentarea cadrelor. F.E.F.S Galai: BATIUREA EUGEN ................................6
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KINETOTERAPIA N GERIATRIE
Kinetoterapeut: AURA-ADRIANA SPNU [email protected]
Cuvinte cheie: geriatrie, kinetoterapie. Rezumat:
Articolul prezint afeciunile pacientului vrstnic i rolul pe care l are kinetoterapia n recuperarea acestuia. Traumatismele, procesele inflamatorii i degenerative, deficienele de postur, afeciunile neurologice, cardio-vasculare, respiratorii, problemele de greutate reprezint cteva din problemele importante ale pacientului vrstnic la care kinetoterapia are soluii att pe termen scurt ct i pe termen lung.
Kinetoterapia geriatric poate fi considerat o disciplin particular n cadrul kinetoterapiei i acest fapt se datoreaz modalitilor de aplicare i adaptare prin care se urmrete redobndirea unor funcii afectate de boal, de sechelele unei boli i reintegrarea pacientului vrstnic n societate.
n cadrul procesului fiziologic de mbtrnire se constat o scdere a capacitii de adaptare la nivelul funciilor diferitelor aparate i sisteme, astfel vrstnicul fiind predispus la afeciuni cardiovasculare, traumatice, respiratorii, psiho-afective, neurologice, reumatologice, oftalmologice, afeciuni ORL, probleme de greutate dar i deficiene de postur.
Kinetoterapia poate s intervin profilactic - atunci cnd se cunosc particularitile genetice i metabolice n vederea ntrzierii apariie unor afeciuni, pentru a tonifia musculatura, a menine amplitudinea articular i a evita producerea traumatismelor la nivelul diferiletor articulaii sau la articulaiile cele mai solicitate i terapeutic - atunci cnd apar traumatismele, procesele inflamatorii i degenerative, deficienele posturale i afeciunile neurologice.
O problem extem de important (deoarece implic apariia n timp a altor afeciuni sau le pot accentua pe cele existente) se refer la deficienele posturale. Conceptul de postur nu se refer doar la static, ci el se identific cu concepte precum echilibru raportat la mediu ambiant, stress-ul exercitat asupra corpului n diferite aciuni ale acestuia. Factorii care determin apariia deficienelor posturale sunt: predispoziii individuale (musculare, articulare, osoase, ale tendoanelor i ligamentelor, ale viscerelor), alterri morfo-funcionale dar i aciunea mediului asupra individului. Controlul posturii este considerat a fi capacitatea adaptativ a sistemului neuromotor dependent de integrarea informaiilor care vin de la receptori. Posturologia permite specialitilor (oftalmologi, antropologi, ORL-iti, neurologi, psihologi, ortopezi, fizioterapeui i kinetoterapeui) interpretri comune a deficienelor posturale. Modificarea minim a posturii raportat la mediu este perceput (de retin n special, de bolta plantar i de muchii membrului inferior) transmis SNC(Sistem Nervos Central) care emite rspunsul corespunztor (organizarea i stabilizarea micrii). Dereglarea unuia sau mai multor receptori ai sistemului postural presupune trimiterea mai multor date eronate SNC. Rspunsuri multidiscipliare in cont de: cunoaterea ansamblului de procese neurofiziologice i vestibulare, elemente de statica i dinamica mersului cu analiza pasului, amprenta plantar, disturbatori posturali, organism, o relaxare general dar i o reechilibrare lent a funciei motorii i neurovegetative. O alt problem a pacientului vrstnic este tendina de ngrare care merge pn la obezitate. Aceast problem se datoreaz sedentarismului - care poate fi favorizat de mbtrnirea fiziologic sau de cea timpurie dar i a lipsei unor activiti zilnice organizate
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sau unor afeciuni ale aparatului locomotor, afeciuni cardiovasculare, afeciuni respiratorii dar i ca urmarea a unei stri depresive. Pacienii supraponderali sau sedentari sunt predispui la probleme osteo-articulare, dezechilibre musculare i toleran sczut la efort, HTA, insuficien cardiac, insuficien respiratorie, diabet, litiaz biliar, afeciuni psiho-afective, boli reumatologicei astfel se creeaz un cerc vicios. Traumatismele, bolile reumatismale i cele neurologice sunt cele mai frecvente afeciuni ntlnite la pacientul vrstnic. Imobilizarea prelungit datorat unui traumatism (inclusiv cranio-cerebrale), durerii accentuate, hemiplegii, tumori cerebrale, boala Parkinson, scleroz multipl(SM) are efecte negative asupra circulaiei de ntoarcere, astfel prin staz venoas apare edemul interstiial, imobilizarea articulaiilor determin apariia unui proces inflamator sinovial, aderarea sinovialei la cartilajul articular i dezvoltarea redorii articulare. Imobilizarea prelungit conduce transformarea esutului fibro-grsos care invadeaz articulaia n esut fibros i determin blocarea articulaiei. n cazul hemiplegiei vasculare cerebrale ischemice, n perioada 6-24 luni de la debut, mai mult de un sfert dintre pacieni dezvolt sindrom algoneurodistrofic predominant la membrul superior. Simptomele algoneurodistrofice sunt: edem, tulburri vasomotorii i trofice locale i regionale, modificri ale structurii osoase din zona afectat i durere, toate acestea conducnd la impoten funcional. n ceea ce privete modificrile structurii osoase n cadrul algoneurodistrofiei rspunztoare este osteoporoza localizat. SM este o boal cronic n care sistuaia se nrutete progresiv, nici o alt boal neurologic nu prezint att de multe zone afectate. Kinetoterapia n acest caz are un rol deosebit de important pentru calitatea vieii. n cadrul acestei boli obiectivul principal este ntreinerea pe o perioad ct mai lung a independenei funcionale, corectarea deformaiilor instalate, meninerea mobilitii, prevenirea atrofiilor, meninerea troficitii esuturilor moi i conservarea capacitii de deplasare. Kinetoterapia n cadrul tratamentului bolii Parkinson influeneaz pozitiv starea psihic a pacientului, i permite i l motiveaz s efectueze activiti pe care nu le putea efectua. Exerciiile vizeaz activitatea muscular i articular. ntreinerea respiratorie este un aspect foarte important, iar programul va fi individualizat i corespunztor etapei n care se afl pacientul.
n cadrul procesului de recuperare a bolnavului vrstnic, obiectivul principal al kinetoterapiei este prevenirea apariiei complicaiilor urmat de: obinerea transferurilor, mobilizare, obinerea unei amplitudinii de micare articular sau conservarea acesteia (n limite funcionale), tonifiere muscular, for i rezisten muscular, obinerea coordonrii i a controlului motor, precum i rectigarea echilibrului, reluarea mersului (numai n condiiile n care ortostatismul este stabil) cu scopul de a obine i menine ct mai mult timp autonomia bolnavului.
Obiectivele generale n recuperarea pacientului vrstnic constau n consilierea acestuia cu privire la:
- acceptarea procesului de mbtrnire i s disting aspectele normale de cele patologice;
- controlarea procesului de mbtrnire, prin intervenie proprie sau a familiei; - soluionarea problemelor patologice. - abordarea global - structurarea programului pe etape - evaluare a rezultatelor pe etape - continuitatea - participarea pacientului dar i a familiei acestuia Regulile de baz care se impun n recuperarea pacientului vrstnic sunt urmtoarele:
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- cunoaterea exact a bolii de care sufer pacientul precum i a strii structurilor anatomice care urmeaz s fie mobilizate;
- alegerea poziiei bolnavului n obinerea condiiilor de relaxare maxim i dnd posibilitatea pacientului s urmreasc micarea efectuat pasiv;
- efectuarea mobilizrii pasive numai pe axele fiziologice de micare; - asocierea elementelor de facilitare cu micarea pasiv; - dac exist spasticitate, terapeutul va evita s menin timp ndelungat mna pe
grupele musculare spastice; - fiecare articulaie va fi mobilizat individual; - se interzice mobilizarea unei articulaii prin intermediul alteia; - se va evita provocarea durerii prin mobilizare, cand amplitudinea articular este foarte
redus; - fora, viteza, durata, frecvena vor fi permanent adecvate etapei n care se afl
pacientul i obiectivului vizat Mijloacele de intervenie vor fi adaptate n permanen necesitilor pacientului vrstnic Comunicarea dintre kinetoterapeut i pacient este un aspect deosebit de important, astfel
c se va explica pacientului n ce const programul, care sunt beneficiile acestuia iar comenzile verbale vor fi rostite clar i tare.
Fiecare bolnav vrstnic avnd necesiti diferite de deplasare, n funcie de perioada zilei, temperatur, oboseal, distan, se va recomanda utilizarea dispozitivelor ortetice speciale (crj, baston, cadru, orteze), n vederea obinerii unui consum energetic minim.
Kinetoterapia n geriatrie reuete s dea pacientului autonomie, dar aceasta ntotdeauna va depinde de tipul bolii, timpul trecut de la instalarea acesteia i pn la debutul tratamentului, sechele i nu n ultimul rnd de afeciuni asociate.
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. Albu, C-tin.; Vlad, T.,L.; Albu, Adriana , Kinetoterapia pasiv, Editura Polirom, Iai, 2004. Bucureti, 1981. 2. Cesarani, A., La postura ed il sistema dell'equilibrio Alti del II congresso di posturologia, Fiuggi, giugno, 1998. 3. Enoka, R., M., Neuromechanics basis of kinesiology. Human kinetics, S.U.A., 1994. 4. Kiss, I., Fiziokinetoterapia i recuperarea medical n afeciunile aparatului locomotor, Editura Medical, Bucureti, 2002. 5.Scalia, Osteopatia e kinesiologia applicata, Ed. Marrapesse, Roma, 1999. 6. Sbenghe, T., Recuperarea medical a sechelelor posttraumatice ale membrelor, Editura Medical, Bucureti, 1981.
GERIATRIC KINESIOTHERAPY Kinetoterapeut: AURA-ADRIANA SPNU
Key words: geriatrics, kinesiotherapy. Abstract:
The article depicts certain pathologies of elderly patients, as well as the part played by kinesiotherapy in their recovery. The traumas, degenerative and inflammatory processes, posture deficiencies, neurologic, cardio-vascular, respiratory pathologies and the
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weight problems are only a few of the major issues the elderly patients are confronted with, issues for which kinesiotherapy offers both long-term and short-term solutions.
Geriatric kinesiotherapy may be regarded as a specific kinesiotherapy field, this being due to the manners of adaptation and application of certain procedures aiming at recovering various disease or sequelae-affected functions, and restoring the elderly patients to their normal health state.
During the physiologic aging process, a certain decrease in the adapting capacity of various systems functions can be noted, consequently the elderly patients being increasingly exposed to cardio-vascular, traumatic, respiratory, psycho-affective, neurologic, rheumatic, ophthalmic and hearing conditions, weight problems, and also posture deficiencies.
The kinesiotherapy approach may be prophylactic when the genetic and metabolic distinctive features are known, in order to delay the occurrence of certain diseases, to invigorate the muscular system, maintain the amplitude of the joints, especially the intensively-used ones, and therapeutic when traumas, degenerative inflammatory processes, posture deficiencies and neurologic pathologies occur.
A problem of the utmost importance (as, in time, it involves the occurrence of certain pathologies that may accentuate other pre-existent ones) concerns the posture deficiencies. The posture concept is not to be regarded solely from the static point of view, as it also involved concepts such as the equilibrium with regard to the surrounding environment and the pressure applied to the body in various actions and movements. The factors determining the occurrence of posture deficiencies are: individual predispositions (muscular, joint, bone, tendon, ligament and organ-related), morpho-functional deteriorations, but also the influence the environment has on every individual.
Posture control is considered to be the adaptive capacity of the neuromotor system that relies on integrating the information transmitted by the receptors. Posturology allows specialists (ophthalmologists, anthropologists, neurologists, psychologists, orthopedists, physiotherapists and kinesiotherapists) to make similar interpretations of posture deficiencies.
The minimum modification of the posture with regard to the environment is generally perceived by the retina, the arches of the foot and the muscles of the inferior limb, and then it is transmitted to the Central Nervous System which provides the adequate feedback (the organization and stabilization of the muscles). The improper functioning of one or several receptors of the posture system means that the CNS will be provided with biased information.
The pluridisciplinary answers rely on: knowing the neuro-physiologic and vestibular process array, walking static and dynamics elements, the foot print, postural disturbers, the body as a whole, general relaxation and also a slow recovery of the motor and neurovegetative function.
Another problem of the elderly patient is represented by the predisposition to gaining weigh, which may lead to obesity. This is a direct consequence of the lack of physical activity which may be induced by the physiologic aging process or by the early aging process, but also by the lack of a daily organized activity or various conditions of the locomotory system, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and the aftermath of a depressive state. Overweight or sedentary patients are subject to develop problems of the bones and joints, muscular imbalances and little effort tolerance, HTN, heart failure, respiratory failure, diabetes, biliary lithiasis, psycho-affective disorders, rheumatic disorders, thus creating a spiral of negative factors and effects.
Traumas, rheumatic and neurologic disorders are among the most common disorders elderly patients may be confronted with. Trauma induced long-term immobilization (inclusively cranio-cerebral traumas), or the one caused by severe pain, hemiplegia, brain
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tumors, Parkinson disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS) with its multiple effects on blood circulation, thus creating the interstitial edema through venous stasis and the immobilization of the joints, all lead to a synovial inflammatory process, the adhesion of the synovial to the cartilage in the joints and resulting in joint stiffness.
Long-term immobilization leads to the transformation of the fibro-fatty tissue, that invades the joint in fibrous tissue eventually blocks the joint.
Concerning the vascular ishcaemic hemiplegia, in the first 6-24 months, more than a quarter of the patients develop algoneurodistrophy, especially in the superior limb. The algoneurodistrophic symptoms are: edema, regional and trophic and venous disorders, modifications of the bone structure in the affected area and pain, all leading to functional impotence. Regarding the modifications of the bone structure while suffering from algoneurodistrophy, the main factor determining it is the localized osteoporosis.
MS is a chronic disease that worsens progressively, no other neurologic disorder being known to affect this many areas of the body. In this case, kinesiotherapy plays an extremely important part in improving the quality of life. The main goal is maintaining the functional autonomy as long as possible, correcting any eventual deformity, maintaining the mobility, preventing atrophies, maintaining the trophicity of soft tissues and preserving the ability to move.
The adequate kinestiotherapy practice for the Parkinson disorder positively influences the patients mental state, motivating him or her to carry on several activities that may have been restricted by the disease. The activities are focused on the activity of the muscles and joints. Maintaining the he respiratory function is another very important aspect, the program being created so that it corresponds to the phase of the disorder the patient is found in.
Concerning the part played by kinesiotherapy in the recovery of elderly patients, the main goal is represented by the prevention of complications, followed by: obtaining transfers, mobilization, obtaining the joint movement amplitude or preserving it (within functional limits), muscular invigoration, force and muscular endurance, obtaining motor coordination and control, as well as regaining the control of the equilibrium, walking again (only if the body is stable) so that the patients autonomy may be maintained as much as possible.
The general goals in the elderly patients recovery aim at their psychological preparation in:
- accepting the aging process and distinguishing between the normal and pathological aspects;
- controlling the aging process, by their own intervention, or by thir familys intervention;
- solving pathological problems; - reaching a global approach; - structuring the program in several phases; - assessing the results of each phase; - continuity; - involving both the patient and his or her family.
Basic rules to be taken into account in the elderly patients recovery: - knowing exactly what is the disorder affecting the body, as well as the states of
the anatomic structures which are to be mobilized; - choosing the patients position in obtaining the maximal relaxation conditions and
giving them the possibility to passively observe the procedures; - proceeding to the passive mobilization only on the physiological movement axes; - associating the facilitating elements with passive movement; - should any spasms occur, the therapist will avoid a prolonged contact with the
concerned muscular groups;
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- each joint shall be mobilized individually; - the mobilization of one joint through another is strictly forbidden; - causing pain when mobilizing a joint shall be avoided at all costs, especially
when the amplitude of the joint is considerably reduced; - the force, speed, length and frequency shall be permanently adjusted to the phase
the patient is found in and the goal to be achieved. The intervention manners shall be permanently adapted to the necessities of the elderly patients. The communication between the kinesiotherapist and the patient is an extremely
important aspect of the recovery process, therefore the former will take the necessary time to explain the parameters of the program to the latter, what are the benefits of the program, and the verbal commands shall be expressed clearly.
Given the different necessities of each elderly patient, depending on the period of the day, the temperature, fatigue and distance, the use of special orthetic devices shall be recommended (crutch, cane, walking frame), as to preserve as much energy as possible.
The geriatric-applied kinesiotherapy practice manages to increase the patients autonomy, yet this autonomy shall always depend on the type of the disorder the patient is suffering from, the period of time passed until the beginning of the treatment, any possible sequelae and last but not least, adjacent disorders.
OPTIMIZAREA PLANIFICRII EDUCRII I DEZVOLTRII PSIHOMOTRICITII SPORTIVILOR JUDOKA DE 10 - 11 ANI
Adriana Neofit CSS Galai Mircea Ion Ene FEFS Galai
Este cunoscut faptul c pentru obinerea performanelor sportive n fiecare disciplin deci i n judo este necesar o pregtire optim pe fiecare nivel de vrst (etapizat) astfel nct cei mai dotai sportivi s i poat fructifica corespunztor calitile psihomotrice, abilitaile tehnice i cunotinele teoretice.
Obiectivele cercetrii. Judo face parte din categoria sporturilor individuale care se caracterizeaz din punct
de vedere tehnic prin dominanta aciclic a micrilor, prin solicitare i efecte cumulative privind aspectele morfologice, funcionale, motrice ale individului i o tehnic ct mai corect a procedeelor de lupt.
Datorit performanelor tot mai ridicate, procesul de antrenament trebuie revizuit att ca form ct i n coninut, perfecionarea mijloacelor i criteriilor de pregtire dnd natere la noi performane. n consecin ne-am propus: Elaborarea planului de pregtire i a structurilor de acionare care ar putea contribui la optimizarea instruirii i realizarea obiectivelor la nivelul grupelor de nceptori n judo; Pregtirea i de folosirea jocurilor i tafetelor aplicative pentru mbuntirea tehnicii n judo desprinse din literatura de specialitate; Formularea unor propuneri pentru mbuntirea metodologiei de dezvoltare a calitilor psihomotrice i nsuirea tehnicii procedeelor de judo la grupele de copii de 10-11 ani.
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Organizarea i desfurarea studiului Intenia noastr a fost nc de la nceput, de a optimiza programarea, planificarea i
mbogirea gamei sistemelor de acionare necesare dezvoltrii calitilor psihomotrice i nsuirii procedeelor tehnice specifice judo-ului la sportivii de 10-11 ani.
De aceea, fa de planurile i mijloacele propuse n literatura de specialitate, am folosit n exclusivitate un program, o planificare i sisteme de acionare selecionate i adaptate de noi la acest nivel de vrst.
Experimentul s-a desfurat la Sala de Judo a Clubului Sportiv colar Galai n perioada septembrie 2009 iunie 2010, a cuprins un numr de 15 sportivi judoka.
Subiecii care fac obiectul acestei cercetri fac parte din grupele cu program de judo din cadrul Clubului Sportiv colar Galai.
Prezentam in continuare UN MACROCICLU OPTIMIZAT PENTRU educarea i dezvoltarea componentelor psihomotricitii la 10-11 ani
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2 an
tr.
6 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 27
0'
(4,5
h)
se u
rmr
ete
lucr
u pe
pere
chi v
aloric
e ap
ropi
ate
S n
sue
asc
depr
inde
rile
de
o
rien
tare
sp
aia
l,
tem
pora
r i
de
apr
ecie
re
a
traie
cto
riilo
r,
dire
ciil
or i
vite
zelo
r de
de
pla
sare
a
un
or
obi
ecte
n
co
relaie
cu
pr
opr
iul c
orp
10 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a,
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
dinam
ice,
t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
ex
erciii
cu m
inge
a
Ma
teri
ale
: jal
oan
e, m
ingi
de
te
nis,
ha
ndb
al, ba
sche
t, vole
i, fo
tbal
,
obs
taco
le, zi
dul d
e an
tren
amen
t
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
3 an
tr.
7 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 37
5'
(6,25
h)
se co
rect
eaz
gre
elile
tr
ecer
ii
prin
ex
ecuie
S
fie
capa
bil
s
rea
lizez
e o
sa
rcin
mo
tric
sau
m
ai
mu
lte
com
bin
ate
n
tr-u
n ri
tm i
tem
pou
im
pus
12 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a,
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
dinam
ice,
t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
re
aliz
area
un
or
sarc
ini m
otr
ice
sau
co
mbi
na
ii de
sa
rcin
i motr
ice
ntr
-un
rit
m i
tem
pou
im
pus
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
20 an
tr. 15
m
inu
te/
60 an
tr.
Tota
l:230
0'
(38
h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
se
core
ctea
z gr
eel
ile
-
Ma
teri
ale
: jal
oan
e, m
ingi
de
te
nis,
ha
ndb
al, ba
sche
t, vole
i, fo
tbal
,
obs
taco
le, b
nci
de
gi
mnas
tic
trec
erii
pr
in
exec
uie
S-i
rea
lizez
e pr
in
con
tro
l vo
lun
tar
menin
erea
po
ziii
lor
de
echi
libru
st
atic
i
din
am
ic
10 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
dinam
ice,
t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
exer
ciii
de
m
ers,
al
erga
re i
srit
uri
cu m
enin
erea
echi
libru
lui p
e su
praf
ee
var
iate
Ma
tebr
iale
: obs
taco
le, b
nci
de
gi
mn
astic,
pl
anu
ri n
clin
ate,
plc
i mobi
le, tr
ambu
lina
elas
tic
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
3 an
tr.
7 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 37
5'
(6,25
h)
se co
rect
eaz
gre
elile
tr
ecer
ii pr
in ex
ecuie
S fie
ca
pabi
l s
re
aliz
eze
ac
iun
i si
stru
ctu
ri m
otr
ice
n a
mbe
le
pla
nu
ri a
le la
tera
lit
ii u
tiliz
nd
segm
ente
a
le co
rpu
lui
at
t di
n
part
ea dr
eapt,
c
t i d
in ce
a st
ng
10 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
dinam
ice,
t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
exer
ciii
de
pr
inde
re-ar
un
care
a
un
or
obi
ecte
, co
ndu
cere
a m
ingi
i, at
t cu
br
au
l (pic
ioru
l) nde
mn
atic
, c
t i c
u
cel n
ende
mn
atic
, tr
ansp
ort
de
gr
euti
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
, b
nci
de
gi
mn
astic
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
3 an
tr.
7 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 37
5'
(6,25
h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
S pe
rcea
p i
s re
ac
ion
eze
ct
ma
i ra
pid i
efic
ien
t la
st
imu
li viz
uali i
au
ditiv
i 12
an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
dinam
ice,
t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
al
erg
ri cu
star
turi
din di
ferit
e po
ziii
, la
se
mnal
e viz
ual
e i
audi
tive
var
iate
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
de
cu
lori i
form
e di
ferit
e, obs
taco
le
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
4 an
tr.
8 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 48
0'
(8 h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
s pe
rcea
p i
s re
ac
ion
eze
ct
ma
i ra
pid i
efic
ien
t la
st
imu
li ca
re fa
c po
sibil
pe
rcep
erea
pr
opr
iilor
micr
i (s
ilu
lui
chin
este
zic)
12 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea, im
itare
a
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
de
m
icar
e, t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
exer
ciii
n
co
ndiii
var
iate
i
cu n
greu
iere
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
, b
nci
de
gi
mn
astic,
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
4 an
tr.
8 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 48
0'
(8 h)
se co
rect
eaza
gre
elile
tr
ecer
ii pr
in ex
ecuie
S
fieca
pabi
l s
-i
regl
eze
perc
epia
gr
adu
lui
de
ten
siun
e
mu
scu
lar
(to
nu
s m
usc
ula
r) 10
an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea, im
itare
a
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
de
m
icar
e, t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
exer
ciii
de
lo
vire
a
un
or
min
gi de
gr
euti i
mr
imi d
iferit
e cu
pici
oru
l la
dist
ane
di
ferit
e i in
te fix
e i
mobi
le, ex
erciii
de
arun
care
a
un
or
min
gi i
obi
ecte
de
gr
euti i
mr
imi d
iferit
e la
dist
ane
di
ferit
e i
pun
cte
fixe
sau
m
obi
le
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
, b
nci
de
gi
mn
astic,
in
te fix
e i
mobi
le, m
ingi
de fo
tbal
, ha
ndb
al, vole
i, te
nis,
oin,
ba
sche
t, ru
gby
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
3 an
tr.
7 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 37
5'
(6,25
h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
se co
rect
eaza
gre
elile
tr
ecer
ii pr
in ex
ecuie
se co
rect
eaza
gre
elile
tr
ecer
ii pr
in ex
ecuie
S ex
ecu
te st
ruct
uri
de aciu
ni
motr
ice
cu el
emen
te de
co
ord
on
are
gen
eral
12 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea,
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
de
m
icar
e, t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
ex
erciii
cu
m
inge
i
fr
m
inge
, ex
erciii
de
con
solid
are
a de
prin
deril
or
motr
ice
de ba
z i
util
itar-
aplic
ativ
e
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
, m
ingi
de
fo
tbal
, ha
ndb
al, vole
i, te
nis,
oin,
basc
het,
rugb
y
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
4 an
tr.
8 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 48
0'
(8 h)
-
S fie
ca
pabi
l s
co
mbi
ne i
s cu
plez
e di
feri
te m
icr
i sp
ecifi
ce
coo
rdo
nr
ii n
jud
o
12 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a, pr
obl
emat
izar
ea,
Mijl
oace
: joc
uri
de
m
icar
e, t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
exer
ciii
cu
m
inge
i
fr
m
inge
, ex
erciii
de
co
nso
lidar
e a
depr
inde
rilor
motr
ice
de ba
z i
util
itar-
aplic
ativ
e, ex
erciii
cu
mic
ri
i sar
cin
i motr
ice
pen
tru
m
embr
ele
supe
rioar
e i
infe
rioar
e
sepa
rat
i n
ac
ela
i tim
p, co
mpl
exe
tehn
ice
Ma
teri
ale
: obi
ecte
, m
ingi
de
fo
tbal
, ha
ndb
al, vole
i, te
nis,
oin,
basc
het,
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
4 an
tr.
8 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 48
0'
(8 h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
se
core
ctea
z gr
eel
ile
trec
erii
prin
exec
uie
S-i
form
eze
capa
cita
tea
de
de
co
nce
ntr
are
volu
nta
r i
invo
lun
tar
8 an
tr.
Met
ode
: joc
ul,
exer
sare
a,
Mijl
oace
: t
afet
e, pa
rcu
rsu
ri ap
licat
ive,
ex
erciii
cu
m
ai m
ulte
m
ingi
i sa
rcin
i dife
rite
n ac
ela
i tim
p, ex
erciii
cu
m
inge
a la
zi
dul d
e
antr
enam
ent,
exer
ciii
n
co
ndiii
var
iate
i
cu n
greu
iere
Ma
teri
ale
: jal
oan
e, m
ingi
de
te
nis,
ha
ndb
al, ba
sche
t, vole
i, fo
tbal
,
zidu
l de
antr
enam
ent
fron
tal i
ndi
vid
ual
pe pe
rech
i gru
pe
echi
pe
2 an
tr.
6 an
tr/1
5 m
inute
Tota
l: 27
0'
(4,5
h)
se u
rmr
ete
doza
rea
core
ct
a m
ijloac
elor
se
core
ctea
z gr
eel
ile
trec
erii
prin
exec
uie
Prez
enta
rea g
rafic
a p
rogr
esu
lui r
ealiz
at p
e co
mpo
nen
tele
so
matic
, ps
ihom
otr
ic i
tehn
ic
Rata
d
e p
rogr
es
n
tre
te
sta
re in
itia
la si
tes
tare
a in
term
ed
iara
p
e c
om
po
nen
te
so
matic
,ps
iho
mp
tric
,teh
nic 2
8%
61%11
%
Ra
ta de
pr
ogr
es
n
tre
te
sta
re in
term
edi
ara
s
i te
sta
rea
fin
ala
pe
c
om
pon
en
te:
so
ma
tic,
psih
om
otr
ic,
tehn
ic
24%
64%
12%
Rata
de
pr
ogre
s n
tre te
star
ea in
itiala
si te
star
ea fin
ala pe
com
pone
te:
som
atic,
ps
ihom
otric
, te
hnic.
26%
63%11
%
-
11
Concluzii: Planificarea propus i utilizat de noi pentru instruirea tehnic este n concordan cu posibilitile copiilor la acest nivel de vrst; sistemele de acionare propuse contribuie la dezvoltarea calitilor psihomotrice specifice judo-ului; n procesul de instruire a copiilor, calitile psihomotrice specifice se dezvolt treptat, ele avnd o influen major n obinerea de rezultate n competiiile sportive; ealonarea pregtirii copiilor se va face punnd n concordan dezvoltarea calitilor psihomotrice specifice cu particularitile de vrst i individuale ale copiilor; sistemele de acionare propuse de noi favorizeaz n acelai timp nsuirea unor procedee tehnice i contribuie la dezvoltarea calitilor psihomotrice; jocurile tafetele i traseele aplicative lrgesc plaja mijloacelor utilizate n procesul instruirii, mbogesc coninutul leciilor; jocurile, tafetele i traseele aplicative asigur participarea activ i cu entuziasm a copiilor la antrenamente, le educ spiritul de echip i dau totodat posibilitatea antrenorului s-i cunoasc mai bine, deoarece n timpul jocurilor copiii se manifest liber, firesc, eliminnd din comportament timiditatea.
Bibliografie selectiv
1. ALBU A., ALBU C. "Psihomotricitatea La Varsta De Crestere Si Dezvoltare" Edit. Spiru Haret, Iasi, 1999 2. DRAGNEA A., BOTA A., Teoria activitatilor motrice. Edit. Didactica si Pedagogica, Bucuresti,1999 3. EPURAN,M.,HOLDEVICI,I.,TONITA,I., "Psihologia sporului de performan - Edit. Fest, Bucuresti,2001 4.HORGHIDAN V.,Psihologie. Sinteza principalelor probleme abordate in cadrul cursurilor si lucrarilor practice. Academia Nationala de Educatie Fizica si Sport, Bucuresti,1999 5. KRAMAR, M., Psihologia culturii fizice si a sporturilor. Arad, Edit. Fundatia Vasile Goldis, 1997 6. MANNO, R., Bazele teoretice ale antrenamentului sportiv. Bucuresti, M.T.S.,C.C.P.S, 1996 7. NICU, Alexe si colab., Studii privind pregatirea sportiva a copiilor si juniorilor. Bucuresti, Edit. Stadion,1972
PLANING OPTIMIZATION OF EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOMOTRICITY FOR JUDOKA 10-11 YEARS SPORTSMEN
Adriana Neofit CSS Galai Mircea Ion Ene FEFS Galai
It is known that to achieve performance in each sport and discipline so necessary training in judo is best for each age level (stages) so that the most gifted athletes are able to properly take advantage of psychomotor skills, technical skills and theoretical knowledge.
-
12
Research Objectives: Judo is part of the individual sports which are characterized by the technically
dominant acyclic movements by requesting and cumulative effects on morphological aspects, functional and technical drivers of individual processes as fair fight.
Due to ever-higher performance, the training process should be revised both in form and content, improving training methods and criteria for creating new performance. Therefore we propose: Develop training plan and operating structures that could help optimize the training and achievement of groups of beginners in Judo; Preparation and use of games and pieces of advice for improving technique in judo applications drawn from the literature; Formulation of proposals for improving the quality of psychomotor development methodology and learning processes judo technique in groups of children 10-11 years.
Organize and conduct study: Our intention was from the outset, to optimize scheduling, planning and enrich the
range of operating systems for the development of psychomotor qualities and learning specific techniques of judo athletes from 10-11 years.
Therefore, to the plans and proposed means in the literature, we used only one program, planning and operators selected and adapted by us at this age.
The experiment was conducted at room Galati Judo Club School Sports in September 2009 - June 2010 included a total of 15 judo athletes.
Subjects covered by the research groups are part of the judo program in the School Sports Club Galati.
It follows an OPTIMIZED MICROCYCLU for education and development of the components of psychomotricity from 10 to 11 years .
-
FIE
LD:
spo
rts
tra
inin
g, SU
BJEC
T: JU
DO
DU
RA
TIO
N:
35 w
eeks
(14
0 tr
ain
ings
.) /
80-90
m
inu
tes
per
train
ing
Age
gr
ou
p: 10
-11
ye
ars
TEA
CH
ING
ST
RA
TEG
Y
FIN
AL
OBJ
ECTI
VES
/
BAC
KG
RO
UN
D
Nu
mbe
r o
f tr
ain
ing
3M
F.
OR
G.
TEA
CH
ING
TI
ME
Met
hodi
cal i
ndi
catio
ns
To u
nde
rsta
nd
the
body
`s
ow
n sc
hem
e 8
trai
n.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, im
itatio
n
Mea
ns:
m
ovin
g ga
mes
, ex
erci
ses
in at
hlet
ics
(optio
ns
for
wal
kin
g, ru
nnin
g), gy
mn
astic
s (ex
erci
ses
fron
t an
d ba
nds
, ha
rmonio
us
phys
ical
de
vel
opm
ent)
Ma
teri
als:
st
icks
, ho
ops
, m
ats
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
2 tr
ain
.
6 tr
ain.| 1
5 m
inute
s to
tal:
270m
in` ;(4
.5
h) pa
ssin
g th
rou
gh
impl
emen
tatio
n
mist
akes
to
be
co
rrec
ted
To kn
ow
th
e pl
an
s o
f act
ion
of t
he bo
dy
an
d its
pa
rts
8 tr
ain
.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, im
itatio
n
Mea
ns:
m
ovin
g ga
mes
, ex
erci
ses
in at
hlet
ics
(optio
ns
for
wal
kin
g, ru
nnin
g, jum
pin
g), gy
mn
astic
s (ex
erci
ses
fron
t an
d ba
nds
,
harm
onio
us
phys
ical
de
vel
opm
ent,
stat
ic an
d dy
nam
ic el
emen
ts of a
croba
tics)
Ma
teri
als:
ba
lls of
diffe
ren
t siz
es an
d w
eigh
ts, m
ats,
con
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
2 tr
ain
.6.
tr
ain
./1
5 m
inute
s to
tal:
270`
;(4
.5
h) se
ekin
g w
ork
in
pa
irs
close
in
val
ue
Syn
chro
niz
e th
eir
mo
vem
ents
a
nd
body
segm
ent a
s a
w
hole
8 tr
ain
..
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, im
itatio
n, pr
obl
em
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns,
ap
plic
atio
n
exer
cise
s in
at
hlet
ics,
gy
mn
astic
s M
ate
rials:
la
ndm
arks
, ba
nks
, gy
m, obs
tacl
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
2 tr
ain..
6 tr
ain
/15
min
ute
s to
tal:
270`
;(4
.5
h) pa
ssin
g th
rou
gh
impl
emen
tatio
n
mist
akes
to
be
co
rrec
ted
To
acq
uir
e sp
atia
l co
nce
pts
of
the
tra
jecto
ry,
dist
an
ce,
size,
po
sitio
n a
nd
sha
pe
8 tr
ain
.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, pr
obl
em
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns,
ap
plic
atio
n
exer
cise
s to
le
arn
ba
sic m
oto
r sk
ills
(catc
hin
g, th
row
ing)
and
util
ity ap
plic
atio
ns
(tran
sport
di
fficu
lties
, cl
imbi
ng,
clim
bin
g) M
ate
rials:
ba
lls
of
diffe
ren
t siz
es
and
wei
ghts
,
obs
tacl
es, tr
ainin
g w
all
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
2 tr
ain
6.
tr
ain/1
5
min
ute
s to
tal:
270`
;(4
.5
h) se
ekin
g w
ork
in
pa
irs
close
in
val
ue
To
acq
uir
e th
e sk
ills
of
spa
tial
ori
enta
tion
, a
nd
ass
essin
g te
mpo
rary
path
s, di
rect
ion
s a
nd
spee
ds of
movin
g o
bject
s in
co
njun
ctio
n w
ith yo
ur
ow
n
body
10 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, ex
erci
se,
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns,
ap
plic
atio
n
exer
cise
s w
ith ba
ll M
ate
rials:
co
nes
,
tenn
is ba
lls,
han
dbal
l, ba
sket
ball,
volle
ybal
l, so
ccer
, obs
tacl
e tr
ainin
g w
all
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
3 tr
ain
7.
tr
ain./1
5
min
ute
s to
tal:
375`
;(6
.25
h)
pass
ing
thro
ugh
im
plem
enta
tion
mist
akes
to
be
co
rrec
ted
To be
a
ble
to pe
rform
a
m
oto
r ta
sk o
r m
ore
co
mbi
ned
in
to
a
rhyt
hm
an
d te
mpo
re
quir
ed
12 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, ex
erci
se,
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns
appl
icat
ions,
exec
utio
n of
moto
r ta
sks
or
com
bin
atio
ns
of
task
s in
a
driv
ing
rhyt
hm an
d te
mpo
re
quire
d M
ate
rials:
co
nes
,
tenn
is ba
lls,
han
dbal
l, ba
sket
ball,
volle
ybal
l, so
ccer
, hu
rdle
s, gy
mn
astic
s be
nch
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
20
trai
n.| 1
5 m
inute
s / 6
0 tr
ain
.
Tota
l: 23
00` ;(3
8 h)
aim
ed at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
of
goin
g th
rou
gh
the
corr
ect
impl
emen
tatio
n er
rors
To
ach
ieve
the
ma
inte
na
nce
o
f vo
lun
tary
co
ntr
ol
of
sta
tic eq
uili
briu
m
posit
ion
s a
nd
dyn
am
ic
10 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, sis
tem
atiz
atio
n
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns,
ap
plic
atio
n
exer
cise
s w
alki
ng,
ru
nnin
g an
d jum
pin
g w
hile
mai
nta
inin
g ba
lance
on
di
ffere
nt s
urfa
ces
Ma
tebr
iale
: obs
tacl
es,
gym
nas
tics
ban
ks,
slope
s,
mobi
le bo
ards
, tr
ampo
line
sprin
g
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
3 tr
ain
7
trai
n.
/15
m
inute
s to
tal:
375`
;(6
.25
h)
pass
ing
thro
ugh
im
plem
enta
tion
mist
akes
to
be
co
rrec
ted
-
To
be
abl
e to
o
rga
niz
e a
ctiv
ities
a
nd
mo
tivity
st
ruct
ure
s in
bo
th
pla
ns
of
late
ralit
y dr
ivin
g se
gmen
ts o
f the
bo
dy
usin
g bo
th th
e ri
ght a
nd
left
side
10 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, sis
tem
atiz
atio
n
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns,
ap
plic
atio
n-
thro
win
g ex
erci
ses
hold
ing
obje
cts,
dr
ivin
g th
e ba
ll,
both
w
ith hi
s ar
m (le
g) ad
roitl
y an
d w
ith th
e cl
um
sy,
tran
sport
di
fficu
lties
Ma
teri
als:
obje
cts,
gy
mn
astic
s be
nch
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
3 tr
ain
7.
tr
ain/1
5
min
ute
s to
tal:
375`
;(6
.25
h)
aim
ed at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
To pe
rcei
ve
an
d re
act
a
s qu
ickl
y a
nd
effe
ctiv
ely
to
visu
al
an
d a
udi
tory
stim
uli
12 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, sis
tem
atiz
atio
n
Mea
ns:
dy
nam
ic
gam
es,
rela
y ru
ns
appl
icat
ions,
runn
ing
with
la
yers
of
diffe
ren
t po
sitio
ns
in
var
iou
s visu
al an
d au
dito
ry sig
nal
s M
ate
rials:
obje
cts
of
diffe
ren
t co
lors
an
d sh
apes
,
obs
tacl
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
4
trai
n.8
trai
n| 1
5 m
inute
s /
.
Tota
l:480
` ;(8
h)
aim
ed at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
to
perc
eive
an
d re
act
a
s qu
ickl
y a
nd
effe
ctiv
ely
to st
imu
li th
at m
ake
po
ssib
le
perc
eptio
n of
thei
r m
ovem
ents
(si
lulu
i K
ines
thet
ic)
12 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, qu
estio
nin
g, im
itatin
g M
ean
s: m
ovin
g ga
mes
, re
lay
run
s, ap
plic
atio
n ex
erci
ses
in var
iou
s co
ndi
tion
s an
d bu
rden
ed
Ma
teri
als:
obje
cts,
gy
mn
astic
s be
nch
es
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
4
trai
n.8
trai
n
|15
min
ute
s /
Tota
l: 48
0(8 h)
corr
ects
er
rors
by
ex
ecu
ting
tran
sitio
n
To be
a
ble
to re
alig
n th
eir
perc
eptio
ns
of t
he de
gree
of m
usc
le te
nsio
n (m
usc
le
ton
e)
10 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, qu
estio
nin
g, im
itatin
g M
ean
s: m
ovin
g ga
mes
, re
lay
run
s, ap
plic
atio
n ex
erci
ses
of
hitti
ng
balls
w
ith
leg
wei
ghts
an
d siz
es
and
at
diffe
ren
t di
stan
ces
from
fix
ed
and
mobi
le
targ
ets,
exer
cise
ba
lls
and
thro
win
g of
obje
cts
of
diffe
ren
t w
eigh
ts
and
sizes
at
di
ffere
nt
dist
ance
s an
d fix
ed
or
mobi
le
Ma
teri
als:
obje
cts,
gy
m
ben
ches
,
fixed
an
d m
obi
le
targ
ets,
fo
otb
alls,
ha
ndb
all,
volle
ybal
l, te
nn
is, oin
a, ba
sk
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
3 tr
ain
7
trai
n.
/15
m
inute
s to
tal:
375`
;(6
.25
h)
aim
ed at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
of
goin
g th
rou
gh ex
ecu
tion
er
rors
ar
e co
rrec
ted
corr
ects
er
rors
by
ex
ecu
ting
tran
sitio
n
Perf
orm
th
e a
ctio
n
stru
ctu
res
with
elem
ents
o
f dr
ivin
g o
ver
all
coo
rdin
atio
n
12 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, pr
actic
e, sis
tem
atiz
atio
n
Mea
ns:
m
ovin
g ga
mes
, re
lay
run
s, ap
plic
atio
n ex
erci
ses
with
ou
t th
e ba
ll an
d ba
ll ex
erci
ses
to
stre
ngt
hen
th
e ba
sic m
oto
r sk
ills
and
tool-a
pplie
d M
ate
rials:
obje
cts,
fo
otb
alls,
ha
ndb
all,
volle
ybal
l, te
nnis,
oin
a, ba
sket
ball,
ru
gby
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
4 tr
ain
8
trai
n|. 1
5 m
inute
s .
Tota
l: 48
0` ;(8
h)
To be
a
ble
to co
mbi
ne
an
d co
ord
ina
te
enga
ges
diffe
ren
t spe
cific
m
ovem
ents
in
Judo
12 tr
ain.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, ex
erci
se, sis
tem
atiz
atio
n,
Mea
ns:
m
ovin
g ga
mes
, re
lay
run
s, ap
plic
atio
n ex
erci
ses
with
ou
t th
e ba
ll an
d ba
ll ex
erci
ses
to
stre
ngt
hen
th
e sk
ills
base
an
d u
tility
-dr
iven
, ap
plic
atio
n ex
erci
ses
with
movem
ents
an
d m
oto
r ta
sks
for
the
upp
er an
d lo
wer
limbs
se
para
tely
an
d at
th
e sa
me
time,
co
mpl
ex
tech
nic
al
Ma
teri
als:
obje
cts,
fo
otb
alls,
ha
ndb
all,
volle
ybal
l, te
nnis,
oin
a, ba
sket
ball,
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
4 tr
ain
8
trai
n|. 1
5 m
inute
s / 6
0 en
trep
re. To
tal:
480`
;(8
h)
aim
ed at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
of
goin
g th
rou
gh
the
corr
ect
impl
emen
tatio
n er
rors
To
build
ca
paci
ty
of
volu
nta
ry
an
d in
vo
lun
tary
co
nce
ntr
atio
n
8 tr
ain
.
Met
hods
: pl
ay, ex
erci
se,
Mea
ns:
re
lay
pass
es,
appl
icat
ion
exer
cise
s w
ith ba
lls
and
sever
al di
ffere
nt
task
s at
th
e sa
me
time,
ex
erci
ses
with
th
e ba
ll at
th
e w
all
trai
nin
g ex
erci
ses
in var
iou
s co
ndi
tion
s an
d bu
rden
ed
Ma
teri
als:
co
nes
,
tenn
is ba
lls,
han
dbal
l, ba
sket
ball,
volle
ybal
l, so
ccer
tr
ain
ing
wal
l
indi
vid
ual
pa
irs
team
s fro
nt g
rou
ps
2 tr
ain
6.
tr
ain/1
5
min
ute
s to
tal:
270`
;(4
.5
h) ai
med
at
co
ntr
olli
ng
the
mea
ns
of
goin
g th
rou
gh
the
corr
ect
impl
emen
tatio
n er
rors
-
Prez
enta
rea
gr
afic
a pr
ogr
esu
lui r
ealiz
at p
e co
mpo
nen
tele
so
ma
tic,
psih
om
otr
ic i
tehn
ic
Rata
d
e p
rogr
es
n
tre
te
sta
re in
itia
la si
tes
tare
a in
term
ed
iara
p
e c
om
po
nen
te
so
matic
,ps
iho
mp
tric
,teh
nic 2
8%
61%11
%
Ra
ta de
pr
ogr
es
n
tre
te
sta
re in
term
edi
ara
s
i te
sta
rea
fin
ala
pe
c
om
pon
en
te:
so
ma
tic,
psih
om
otr
ic,
tehn
ic
24%
64%
12%
Rata
de
pr
ogre
s n
tre te
star
ea in
itiala
si te
star
ea fin
ala pe
com
pone
te:
som
atic,
ps
ihom
otric
, te
hnic.
26%
63%11
%
-
16
Conclusions: Plan proposed and used by us is consistent with the technical training opportunities at this children age; proposed drive systems contribute to the development of specific psychomotor qualities of judo; in the training of children, specific psychomotor skills develop gradually,having a major influence in achieving results in sporting competitions; timing will be putting children training in line with the specific psychomotor skills development and individual features age children; proposed new operating systems while favoring the acquisition of technical processes and contribute to the development of psychomotor qualities; pieces of advice games and beach trails extend applications used in training resources, enrich the content of lessons; games, pieces of advice and applied routes ensure active participation and enthusiasm of children to train, educate their team spirit and also give the coach the opportunity to know better, because it occurs during the games children free, quite naturally, eliminating the shy behavior.
CORELAIA DINTRE CAPACITATEA DE REGLARE A PARAMETRILOR DINAMICI I
PREGTIREA FIZIC A JUCTORILOR DE HANDBAL
BATIUREA EUGEN FEFS GALAI
Cuvinte cheie: antrenament sportiv, handbal, pregtire fizic, capaciti de coordonare
Rezumat: Jocul de handbal este un joc dinamic axat pe o bun pregtire fizic i un bagaj tehnico-tactic complex, ceea ce face ca i procesul de instruire s fie conceput, dozat i planificat la un nivel superior. n consecin, antrenamentele vor avea n structura lor o gam diversificat de metode i mijloace de instruire care s duc la mbuntirea miestriei sportive. Astfel, juctorii de handbal vor dobndi o bun vitez de deplasare i execuie, rezisten specific i un grad sporit de coordonare, caliti motrice att de necesare pentru execuiile din timpul jocului.
Introducere Nevoia de rezultate sportive favorabile obinute ntr-un timp scurt i ritm permanent, precum i valoarea tot mai crescut a adversarilor oblig antrenorii de astzi s fie foarte ateni la conceperea, dozarea i planificarea procesului de instruire a sportivilor. ansa acestora o reprezint evoluia tiinei sportului cea care vine s influeneze n mod real performana sportiv i modul de desfurare a procesului de antrenament. Descoperirile oamenilor de tiin ajut antrenorii s duc la bun sfrit obiectivele propuse privind creterea nivelului de efort i performan al sportivilor.
Sportivii cu o bun dezvoltare fizic i pot mbunti mai repede performanele motrice, tehnice i sportive comparativ cu cei lipsii de acest fundament. Amplul proces de instruire determin dezvoltarea fizic multilateral a sportivilor, ceea ce constituie suportul
-
17
energogenetic n baza cruia se desfoar jocul modern. Este dezvoltat fora i rezistena, mbuntit viteza i perfecionat coordonarea, situaie ce duce implicit la creterea performanelor sportive.
Capacitile de coordonare reprezint un complex de caliti preponderent psiho-miotrice (Dragnea A., Bota A., 1999), iar dezvoltarea acestora este strns legat de evoluia fiziologic a individului ntruct organismul este permanent supus unor schimbri funcionale, morfologice i biochimice.
O serie de specialiti ai domeniului consider capacitatea de coordonare ca fiind un ntreg cu o structur complex i un numr mare de capaciti ce sunt destinate pentru activiti preponderent coordinative (Blume D.D., 1978, 1984; Bompa T.O., Carrera M.C., 2006; Hirtz P., Ludwig G., Willnitz J., 1981, 1982).
Pentru realizarea cercetrii am folosit clasificarea conceput de Platonov V.N. (1997), iar pentru calcularea coeficientului de corelaie am selecionat doar prima capacitate de coordonare:
1. Capacitatea de apreciere i reglare a parametrilor dinamici, spaiali-temporali a actului motric.
2. Capacitatea de meninere a echilibrului. 3. Simul de ritmicitate. 4. Capacitatea de orientare n spaiu. 5. Capacitatea de relaxare automat a muchilor. 6. Capacitatea de coordonare a micrilor.
Fr coordonare, echilibru, reflexe i ritm, fr gndire creatoare i spirit combativ nu se poate ajunge la marea performan (Ludu V., 1983).
n final, putem spune c jocul de handbal solicit foarte mult sportivii i, totodat, i oblig s participe n mod contient la procesul de instruire. Aceast implicare a sportivilor presupune concentrarea tuturor resurselor fizice i tehnico-tactice pentru a putea rezolva cu succes sarcinile de antrenament i joc.
Ipoteza de lucru: - reglarea parametrilor dinamici i spaio-temporali influeneaz nivelul de pregtire
fizic al juctorilor de handbal?
Metodele cercetrii Pentru ndeplinirea obiectivelor studiului nostru s-a recurs la urmtoarele metode de
cercetare: - metoda studiului bibliografic; - metoda testelor; - metoda experimentului; - metoda statistico-matematic; - metoda tabelar.
Desfurarea experimentului Eantionul de subieci a fost alctuit din 15 sportivi, componeni ai echipei de handbal
C.S.U. Galai, cu vrste cuprinse ntre 19 i 32 de ani. Acetia au parcurs un proces de instruire atractiv, dinamic i complex pentru mbuntirea pregtirii fizice i dezvoltarea capacitii de coordonare.
n cadrul experimentului, cei 15 sportivi au fost evaluai din punct de vedere fizic i al coordonrii, iar n baza rezultatelor obinute s-a trecut la determinarea gradului de corelaie existent ntre aceti parametri (tabelul 1 i tabelul 2).
-
18
Tabelul 1 Rezultatele dezvoltrii capacitii de coordonare a juctorilor de handball
mX Grupa experiment Grupa martor
CAPACITATE DE COORDONARE
INDICI
AI COORDONRII T.I. T.F. t p T.I. T.F. t p
t1 P
Aruncarea mingii n int, stnd cu spatele la ea (30 mingi) [puncte]
60,07 3,81
72,13 1,17 3,03 0,05 5,72 0,05 0,44 >0,05
Legend: t - s-a calculat ntre indicatorii iniiali i finali ai fiecrei grupe; t1- s-a calculat ntre indicatorii finali ai grupelor martor i experiment;
p- tabela lui Fisher la pragul de semnificaie 0,01-0,05, n conformitate cu ealonul cercetat. Not: rezultatele sunt date n valoare absolut.
Tabelul 2 Rezultatele corelaiei dintre indicii capacitii de coordonare i indicii motrici ( r )
Probe fizice
Pentasalt
CAPACITATE DE
COORDONARE
INDICI
AI
COORDONRII 5 x
30 m
Dep
lasa
re n
triu
ngh
i
Com
bina
ta
Srit
ura
n
lun
gim
e de
pe lo
c
Picior stng
Picior drept
Abdo
men
2 x
400
m
800
m
Test
ul d
e
sprin
t
Aruncarea mingii n int, stnd cu spatele la ea
r = - 0.036 - 0.173 0.056 - 0.241 0.022 - 0.325 - 0.325 0.101 0.174 0.023
Srituri la marcare
r = 0.268 0.124 - 0.235 - 0.202 - 0.060 0.094 0.094 - 0.113 0.495 0.080
Capacitatea de apreciere i reglare a parametrilor dinamici, spaiali-temporali a actului motric
Diferena ncordrii musculare a braului ndemnatic
r = - 0.321 - 0.214 0.119 0.124 0.109 0.156 0.156 0.285 0.238 - 0.074
Legend: - r = coeficientul de corelaie (indic fora legturii ntre cele dou valori; cu ct
legtura este mai strns cu att valoarea coeficientului de corelaie r se apropie de valoarea 1; valorile lui r sunt cuprinse ntre 1 i -1)
Interpretare: - r = 0,20 corelaie aproape inexistent; - r = 0,20 0,40 corelaie aproape moderat; - r = 0,40 0,60 corelaie moderat; - r = 0,70 0,90 corelaie nalt; - r = 0,90 0,100 corelaie foarte nalt (dup Guilford).
Concluzii Analiznd valorile coeficienilor de corelaie dintre capacitatea de apreciere i reglare
a parametrilor dinamici, spaiali-temporali a actului motric i pregtirea fizic, pot fi trase urmtoarele concluzii:
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19
- din numrul total de 30 de indici folosii pentru evaluarea juctorilor de handbal s-a obinut o corelaie aproape moderat n procent de 33,3% (10 indici), o corelaie moderat n procent de 3.33% (un indice) i o corelaie aproape inexistent n proporie de 63,33% (19 indici);
- din cei 3 indici ai coordonrii folosii pentru aflarea gradului de corelaie i ceilali 10 indici motrici, sriturile la marcare se situeaz pe primul loc cu cele mai multe valori care se apropie mai mult de cifra 1;
- cel mai bun nivel de corelaie exist ntre Sriturile la marcare i proba fizic 800 m (r = 0,495);
- cel mai sczut nivel de corelaie exist ntre Aruncarea mingii n int, stnd cu spatele la ea i proba fizic Pentasalt - piciorul stng (r = 0,022).
ntruct s-au nregistrat valori sczute la 19 coeficieni din cei 30 folosii, putem concluziona c nu exist un grad ridicat de corelaie ntre aceast prim capacitate de coordonare luat n studiu capacitatea de apreciere i reglare a parametrilor dinamici, spaiali-temporali a actului motric i indicii fizici alei pentru testarea handbalitilor seniori.
Bibliografie
BATIUREA E., Dezvoltarea capacitilor de coordonare a handbalitilor seniori n cadrul antrenamentului individualizat, n dependen de postul de joc, Tez de doctorat, INEFS Chiinu, Republica Moldova, 2004. BLUME D. D., Grundsatze und methodische ma bnahmen zur schulung koordinativer//Korpererziehung, nr. 2, 1978. BLUME D. D., Enige aktualle probleme des diagnostizierens koordinativer motorischen test//Korperkultur,nr.2, 1984. BOMPA T.O., CARRERA M.C., Periodizarea antrenamentului sportiv. Planuri tiinifice pentru for i condiia fizic pentru 20 de discipline sportive, Editura Tana, 2006. DRAGNEA A., BOTA A., Teoria activitilor motrice, Editura Didactic i Pedagogic R.A., Bucureti, 1999. HIRTZ P., LUDWIG G., WELLNITZ J., Potenzen des sportunterriehtz und ihre nitzung fiir die ausbildung und vervollhommnung koordinativer tatigkeiten // Theorie und Praxis der Korperkultur, nr. 9, 1981. HIRTZ P., LUDWIG G., WELLNITZ J., Entwicklung koordinativer Tatigkeiten.Ja, aber wie?// Korpererziehung, nr. 8/9, 1982. LUDU V., Ritmul i performana, Editura Sport-Turism, Bucureti, 1983. .., // , , 1997.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF REGULATING THE DYNAMIC PARAMETER AND THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF
THE HANDBALL PLAYERS
BATIUREA EUGEN FEFS GALAI
Key words: sportive training, handball, physical training, coordination capacities
Summary: Handball is a dynamic game centred on a good physical training and on a complex technical-tactical luggage that make the instruction process to be conceived,
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20
measured and planned at a superior level. Consequently, the trainings will have in their structure a various range of instruction methods and ways that will bring about the improvement of the sportive mastery. So, the handball players will get a good speed of the change of place and execution, specific resistance and a bigger degree of coordination, driving qualities so necessary for the executions during the play.
Introduction The need for favourable sportive results obtained in a short time and permanent rhythm, as well as the bigger value of the opponents compel today's coaches to be very careful at the conceive, measure and the planning of the sports men's instruction process. Their chance is the evolution of the sports science that comes to really influence the sportive performance and the way of the progress of the training process. The scientists' discoveries help the coaches achieve the proposed objectives regarding the increase of the sportsmen's effort and performance level.
The sportsmen with a good physical development care improve faster their driving, technical and sportive performances in comparison with those who lack this foundation. The ample instruction process determines the sports men's multilateral physical development that is the energogenetic support according to which the modern game takes place. It is developed the force and the resistance, the speed improved and the coordination perfected, situation that brings about the increase of the sportive performances.
The coordination capacities represent a complex of prevalent psycho-driving qualities (Dragnea A., Bota A., 1999), and their development is tightly tied to the physiological evolution of the person because the body is permanently subjected to some functional, morphological and biochemical changes.
A series of specialists in the field consider the coordination capacity as being a whole with a complex structure and a big number of capacities that are destinated to the prevalent coordinative activities (Blume D.D., 1978, 1984; Bompa T.O., Carrera M.C., 2006; Hirtz P., Ludwig G., Willnitz J., 1981, 1982).
To achieve the research we used the classification made by Platonov V.N. (1997), and for the calculation of the correlation coefficient we selected only the first coordination capacity:
1. The capacity of estimating and regulating of the dynamic, spatial-temporal parameters of the driving act.
2. The capacity of maintaining the balance. 3. The rhythmically sense. 4. The capacity of spatial orientation. 5. The capacity of automatic relaxation of the muscles. 6. The capacity of the coordination of the movements.
Without coordination, balance, reflexes and rhythm, without creative thinking and militant spirit, one can't reach the great performance (Ludu V., 1983).
Finally, we can say that handball challenges the sportsmen very much and, at the same time, compels them to consciously participate at the instruction process. This involvement of the sportsmen means the concentration of all physical and technical-tactical resources to successfully solve the training and play tasks.
The working hypothesis: - does the regulation of the dynamic and special-temporal parameters influences the
level of the physical preparation of the handball players?
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21
The methods of the research To achieve the objectives of our study we resorted to the following research methods:
- the method of the bibliographic study; - the tests method; - the experiment method; - the statistical-mathematic method; - the table method.
The progress of the experiment
The sample of subjects consisted of 15 sportsmen, components of the CSU Galati handball team, with ages between 19 and 32. They had an attractive, dynamic and complex instruction process to improve the physical preparation and the development of the coordination capacity.
In the experiment, the 15 sportsmen were evaluated from the coordination and physical point of view, and according to the obtained results we passed to the establishment of the correlation degree extant between these parameters (table 1 and table 2).
Table 1
The results of the development of the coordination capacity of the handball players
mX
Experimental group Control group COORDINATION
CAPACITY COORDINATION
INDEXES T.I. T.F. t p T.I. T.F. t p
t1 P
The throwing of the ball in the target, standing with the back at it (30 balls) [points]
60,07 3,81
72,13 1,17 3,03 0,05 5,72 0,05 0,44 >0,05
Legend: t - was calculated between the initial and final indicators of each group; t1- was calculated between the final indicators of the control and experimental group; p- Fisher's table at the signification edge 0.01-0.05 according to the studied sample.
Note: the results are given in absolute value.
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22
Table 2 The results of the correlation between the index of the coordination capacity and the driving
index ( r ) Physical tests
Pentasalt COORDINATION CAPACITY
COORDINATION INDEXES
5 x
30 m
Chan
ge o
f pl
ace
in
tria
ngl
e
Com
bin
ed
The
long
jump
from
a
pla
ce
Left leg Right leg Abd
om
en
2 x
400
m
800
m
The
sprin
t te
st
The throwing of the ball in the target, standing with the back at it
r = - 0.036 - 0.173 0.056 - 0.241 0.022 - 0.325 -
0.325 0.101 0.174 0.023
Jumpings at scoring r = 0.268 0.124
-
0.235 - 0.202 - 0.060 0.094 0.094 - 0.113 0.495 0.080
The capacity of estimating and regulating of the dynamic and spatial-temporal parameters of the driving act
The difference of the muscular strain of the deft arm
r = - 0.321 - 0.214 0.119 0.124 0.109 0.156 0.156 0.285 0.238 - 0.074
Legend: r = the correlation coefficient (it shows the force of the link between the 2 values; the tighter the link is more the value of the correlation coefficient r comes up to 1; the values of r are between 1 and -1)
Interpretation: - r = 0,20 almost inexistent correlation; - r = 0,20 0,40 almost moderate correlation; - r = 0,40 0,60