uml chuong 4 cacvandecobanvehuongdoituong n

8/9/2019 UML Chuong 4 Cacvandecobanvehuongdoituong n

1/41

ng p p ngtng trong cng ngh

phn mm

UML/NN 1


2/41

Ni dung Phng php hng i tng?

Cc khi nim c bn

UML/NN 2


3/41

Tng qut v hng i tng Phng php lp trnh hng i tng gii thiu mt

in (c cu trc) Bt u hnh thnh vo nhng nm cui ca thp nin

, n u p n rong c ng ng p p nmm

N n n hn i t n

Smalltalk, Eiffel

Object Pascal, C+, Java, C#,

tng Hi n na c m t ui trnh ht trin hn mm h

UML/NN 3

nht UP da trn UML


4/41

Skhc bitAccount

amountamount messa e

StructuredStructured

aNo balance

Account

w rawmessage

withdrawal

ER DFD with Data Store Structure Chart

withdraw(X)

MyAccount::

aNo= 101

OO approachOO approach

balance=500

balance( )

UML/NN 4

- - -


5/41

c trng c bn Tnh ng gi (encapsulation): che du mi chi

.

Tnh c lp cao gia cc i tng (tnh kt dnh thp) Tnh hn lo i classification : om nhm cci tng c cng cu trc v hnh vi vo cng

mt lp n g p aggrega on : ng c

cha nhiu i tng khc to nn mi quan h

Tnh tha k(inheritance): phn bit tng qutha v chuyn bit ha cc i tng

UML/NN 5


6/41

Nguyn l c bn

ec r en a on

ion

n y

apsula

stracti

ierarch

dulari

EncA HM

UML/NN 6


7/41

Abstraction?

Salesperson

Not sayingWhichsales erson just asalespersonin general!!!

Customer ro uc

UML/NN 7

anages omp ex ty


8/41

Encapsulation? Che du vic thc thi

Clients depend on interface

How does an object encapsulate?

What does it encapsulate?

UML/NN 8

mproves es ency


9/41

Modularity?

OrderEntry

Order ProcessingOrder

Fulfillment

Billing

UML/NN 9

Manages Complexity


10/41

Hierarchy?

Increasing

Asset

RealEstateBankAccount Security

Decreasin

UML/NN 10

abstraction

should be at the same level of abstraction


11/41

Cc khi nim c bn Object

ass

Attribute

Operation

Interface (Polymorphism) Component

Package

Subsystem

Relationships

UML/NN 11


12/41

Object? Thc thvt l

hc thkhi nim h c th hn mm

Chemical Process

Truck

Linked List

UML/NN 12


13/41


14/41

Biu din i tng

: Professora + b = 10

ProfessorClark

Class Name OnlyProfessor Clark

ProfessorClark :Professor Object Name Only

UML/NN 14


15/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package

Subsystem Relationships (trnh by chng sau)

UML/NN 15


16/41

Class?

A class is a description of a group of objectsw common proper es a r u es ,behavior (operations), relationships, andseman cs

An object is an instance (thhin) of a classA class is an abstraction in that it:

Nhn mnh n nhng c tnh chung B qua nhng c tnh ring bit

UML/NN 16

OO Principle: Abstraction


17/41

Lp kha hc

ClassCourse

Properties

Name

BehaviorAdd a student

a + b = 10Location

Days offered

Credit hours

Delete a studentGet course roster

Determine if it is full

End time

UML/NN 17


18/41

Biu din lp

Professora + b = 10

Professor Clark

Professorname

Class Name

Attributes (ct)

create( )save( )

Operations (hv)

UML/NN 18

change( )


19/41

Lp cc i tng

UML/NN 19


20/41

Class v Object

Class l mt nh ngha cho mt i tng Lp xc nh cu trc v hnh vi ca i tng thuc lp Mt mu (template)

Ob ects Class

ec s u c n m n n ng p

Professor

Professor Smith Professor Mellon

UML/NN 20

Professor Jones


21/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package

Subsystem Relationships

UML/NN 21


22/41

Attribute?

ClassObject

:CourseOfferingAttribute Attribute Value

num er = 101startTime = 900endTime = 1100CourseOffering

:CourseOffering

=

startTimeendTime

startTime = 1300endTime = 1500

UML/NN 22


23/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 23


24/41

Operation?

CourseOfferingClass

deleteStudentgetStartTime

getEndTimeOperation

UML/NN 24


25/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 25


26/41

Polymorphism (a hnh)?

The ability to hide many different implementations behind a

Manufacturer AManufacturer B

Manufacturer C

OO Principle:Encapsulation

UML/NN 26


27/41

Interface?

Interfaces formalize polymorphism

Tube

- -

Pyramid

Shape

Cube

DrawMoveScaleRotate

Realization relationship (stay tuned for realization relationships)


28/41

Interface

TubeElided/Iconic

Representation

Pyramid

(lollipop)

CubeShape

Tube

Sha e

Canonical

(Class/Stereotype)

PyramidDrawMove

UML/NN 28

CubeRotate

(stay tuned for realization relationships)


29/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 29


30/41

Component?

A non-trivial, nearly independent, and replaceable

context of a well-defined architecture

OO Principle:

source code

Thnh phn thc thi

Source File

Name

ExecutableName

ComponentNameComponent

UML/NN 30

Interface


31/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 31


32/41

Package?

A package is a general purpose mechanism for

Mt thnh phn m hnh c thcha nhng thnh

Dng

Mt n v qun l cu hnh (configuration management)

OO Principle:

UML/NN 32


33/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 33


34/41


35/41

Subsystem v Component

Components are the physical realization of an abstraction inthe desi n

Subsystems can be used to represent the component in thedesign

Design Model Implementation Model

ComponentName

Component NameCom onent

Interface Interface

UML/NN 35

r nc p es: ncapsu a on an o u ar y


36/41

Cc khi nim c bn

Object

ass

Attribute

Operation


Package


UML/NN 36


37/41

Thng ip (message)

Thng ip l mt php gi tc v ca mtng c .

Thng ip bao gm 3 phn i tng ch

Du hiu nhn dng ca tc v mun gi Danh sch thng sgi

aCircle.Draw(pWnd);

UML/NN 37


38/41

Abstract Class v Abstract Method

public abstract class Account

Account

accNo

balance

protected int accNo;protected int balance;

balance( )

withdraw( )

public Account(int an, int b){accNo = an;

balance = b;

Savings

Cheque}public int balance(){

return balance;

withdraw( )m t

withdraw( )

public abstract void withdraw(int amount);}

UML/NN 38


39/41

Overriding, Inheritance, ReusingAccount

accNo

balance{

public Savings(int an, int b)

balance( )

withdraw( )

super (an, b);}

Savings

Chequepublic void withdraw(int amount){

if (balance > amount)

withdraw( )m t

withdraw( )

a ance -= amoun ;}

}

UML/NN 39


40/41

Overriding, Class VariableAccount

accNo

balance{

private static int ODlimit=100;ublic Current int an int b

balance( )

withdraw( )

{super (an, b);

}

Savings

Chequepublic void withdraw(int amount){

if (balance+ODlimit > amount)

withdraw( )m t

withdraw( )

-

}}

UML/NN 40


41/41

Run-time v inherited polymorphism

import java.io.*;public class withdrawCtrl

Account

accNo

balance

public Account getAccount() throws IOException {

int d =2;Account A;

balance( )

withdraw( )

==A= new Savings(100, 1000);

else

A= new Current 120 2000

Savings

Chequereturn A;

}withdraw( )

m t

withdraw( )

Account A;A=getAccount();int amount =100;

UML/NN 41

A.withdraw(amount);}

}

System.out.println (A.balance());

uml chuong 4 cacvandecobanvehuongdoituong n

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