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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    Gjrkjij \. rjiu*

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC

    J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    Mcpartrkdc ju laistktukt uij mki eargcdc rcprcskuikk padktklc pusc i prjl-tkl mc jutarktkdc savkctklc i tcrktarkkdc alupjtc. Jltujdktjtcj k kgpartjijjlcstuk su`kclt mcrkv mki iclcsktjtcj laimjgirkk rchkguduk savkctkl tatjdktjr lcs-j rcgjrljt prki tcrajrc k hcialkm jtralktk dj ljrc ju east supuk gkdkajic mcajgcik icvkiavjk, jstzk laiskmcrjk vkltkgc jdc rchkguduk laguikst. Rrkilkpjdud slap jd jlcstck jlkuik mc praparkk d laistktukj idturjrcj zklj cdcgcitcdar astkdc jutarktkdar savkctklc k j lcdar `iukk mc icdakjdktjtc, ljrcitr-ui cvcitujd rz`ak jr putut duptj gpatrkvj SP\\. Jlkuik mc idturjrcj jlcstarj ju east mcseurjtc lailagktcit i tajtc tcrktarkkdc jicxjtc dj SP\\,lj a laisclki j Rrataladuduk jmkkaijd sclrct jd Rjltuduk Pk``citrap-Gadatav,scgijt dj 0< juhust :; Kmcg, ]rumic strjiktsk kstarkk Gadmav, :;=2-:;32-c hh., Gasnvj,]crrj, :;;=.

    0 Ljrtcj gcgarkck. Ljtjdah jd vkltkgcdar tatjdktjrksguduk laguikst, Laarmaijrc k rcmjltjrctkkikl Cdcij Rastkl, Uad. K, Lfkkiu, tkkij, :;;;> Uad. KK, Lfkkiu, tkkij, 022:.> Uad. KKK,Lfkkiu, tkkij, 022

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    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    ]irj lcrlcttajrc Ukarklj Adjru-Lcgrtji pc pjhkikdc rclcitck sjdc dulrrkkitktudjtc Mcpartrkdc mki @jsjrj`kj :;=2-:;=:, :;==-:;35

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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    Rrchtkrcj apcrjkck mc strgutjrc i gjs j cdcgcitcdar mcldjrjtc astkdcRutcrkk savkctklc s-j ilcput mki prkgcdc zkdc mc alupjkc j @jsjrj`kck. Dj ilcputudduikk iakcg rkc :;=2, su` hkrud strklt sclrct,Kaske Garmavc;, lagksjrud jmouilt jd

    Lagksjrkjtuduk Raparuduk pcitru Jejlcrkdc Kitcric jd P\\G, cxpcmkjz rcpctjta tcdchrjg patjd tuturar cdar sclkkdar oumccic k rjkaijdc jdc INUM,malugcit prki ljrc sadklkt mc j duj dj cvkmci tajtc cdcgcitcdc jitksavkctklc:2.i ljtcharkj cdcgcitcdar jitksavkctklc crju kilduk rjikk istrkk, ej`rkljikk,euilkaijrkk mc stjt, eatkk padkktk k ojimjrgk, lagcrlkjik, jhcik jk \khurjick,gkdktjrkk jd`hjrmktk, gcg`rkk pjrtkmcdar padktklc ragictk, ecgckdc mc purtrkuajrc.

    Laiearg tcdchrjgck, jlcstar ljtcharkk urgju s dk sc italgcjsl masjrci rchkg mc urhci. i mcpcimci mc ljtcharkj i ljrc crj pdjsjt pcrsajijivkiukt, masjrud urgj s jk` jiugktc lagpaicitc a`dkhjtarkk? rjikk istrkkljtjdahjk gakcrk sju lfkj`urk lcrtkljtc mc dj savkctud stcsl> pcitru eatkkej`rkljik, lagcrlkjik lcrtkljtc mc dj mkrclkkdc ijilkjrc sju pralcscdcvcr`jdc jdc kitcrahjtarkkdar gjrtarkdar> pcitru eatkk euilkaijrk mc stjt mc rjihijdt, padkktk k ojimjrgk lcrtkljtc cdk`crjtc mc savkctcdc arcictk sjusavkctcdc stctk, mc jscgcicj, sc rclagjimj s sc ejl lapkk pc jzj gjtcrkjdcdarlc sc pstrcjz i jrfkv> pcitru eatkk jhcik jk \khurjick lapkk mki masjrudmc jrfkv> pcitru jd`hjrmktk masjrcdc kitcrahjtarkkdar gjrtarkdar> pcitrugcg`rkk pjrtkmcdar padktklc mki pcrkajmj ragicjsl urgj s sc rcjdkzczcmalugcitjrc praprkc pcitru ecgckdc mc purtrk uajrc pralcscdc vcr`jdc jdc

    gjrtarkdar ljrc lairg l jlcstcj prjltklju prastktukj k dj gagcitud mjt(Jicxj ir. :).Jlcst vadug mc guil urgj sj c cxclutjt mc ui iugr gjrcmc pcrsajic vciktc mki jejrj @jsjrj`kck, vcrkljtc mc rchkg, mjr k mc `tkijk,skgpjtkzjik jk putcrkk savkctklc, mariklk mc jrgjrc k ljrc luiatcju sktujkjejgkdkkdar ivkiuktc.

    Dj slurt tkgp, Lagksjrud Raparuduk jd \clurktkk mc \tjt mki P\\G, gjkarudI.\jznki, mc jscgcicj, su` hkrud strklt sclrct,scgicjz a Kistrulkuicjmrcsjttuturar dulrtarkdar INH@ mki rjkajic i ljrc suit ijkitjtc lcrkicdc ej mcitalgkrcj masjrcdar pcrsajicdar suspcltjtc mc icdakjdktjtc, iugktc cdcgcitc

    jitksavkctklc::

    . Laiearg rcspcltkvck Kistrulkuik, pcitru kistrugcitjrcjmasjruduk crj iclcsjr mc jilfctjt trck-pjtru gjrtark, kjr i ljzud i ljrcmasjrud laikicj kieargjkk mcsprc gcg`rkk pjrtkmcdar lc ju jltkvjt i pcrkajmjragicjsl urgju s c jilfctjk eatkk gcg`rk mc pjrtkm> mup pask`kdktjtc mcjmuijt lt gjk gudtc malugcitc ljrc lairg jltkvktjtcj jitksavkctkl mki trclutk prczcit> ui rad kgpartjit d jvcju lcrtkljtcdc cdk`crjtc mc savkctud stcsl, mc

    ; Kaske Garmavc i pcrkajmj 8 juhust :;=2 gjrtkc :;=: j east i euilkj mc lagksjr jmouilt jdLagksjrkjtuduk Raparuduk pcitru Jejlcrkdc Kitcric, gjk jpak mki gjrtkc 03 kudkc :;=: mckic

    euilkj mc lagksjr jmouilt jd Lagksjrkjtuduk Raparuduk pcitru \clurktjtcj \tjtuduk jd P\\G.:2 JIPG, E.

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    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    lagktctcdc cxclutkvc arcictk k rjkaijdc, ljrc lairgju jpjrtcicij k pazkkjsalkjd j pcrsajicdar rcspcltkvc, ijkaijdkzjrcj haspamrkkdar, praprkctkdar,ljscdar, gjhjzkicdar ctl.> mc jscgcicj, trc`ukju jicxjtc gjtcrkjdcdc jhcikdar

    ljrc ljrjltcrkzju pcrsajicdc vkzjtc, pcitru pcrsajicdc ljrc sc jffju dj itrckicrc,urgju s sc prczkitc lcrtkljtc rcecrktajrc dj lagpaicij ejgkdkck k i gama`dkhjtarku jmrcsj cxjlt (Jicxj ir. 0). Pcspcltkvj Kistrulkuiccstc ui jrhugciti pdus ljrc lairg jsuprj lrck ljtcharkk mc daluktark k-j mkrclkaijt jtcikjgjkirkj tcrarkk savkctklc, gjk gudt, cstc mc rcgjrljt gctkludazktjtcj lu ljrcs-j prchtkt apcrjkj mc mcpartjrc j pcrsajicdar ljrc iu sc iljmrju i ldkccdcaguduk savkctkl:0.

    Dj ilcputud duikk kuikc, lu majr ltcvj zkdc ijkitcj mcpartrkdar, lagksj-rud Raparuduk jd \clurktkk mc \tjt gjkarud \jznki, cgktc a iau kistrulkuicKistrulkuic lu prkvkrc dj armkicj ceclturkk apcrjkuikk mc mcpartjrc j uiukkr mc ljtcharkk mc daluktark jk P\\G. Jlcjstj kildumcj kieargjkk mctjdkjtcrcecrktajrc dj gamjdktkdc mc arhjikzjrc k mc jlkuic j hrupcdar apcrjtkvc imkecrktc sktujkk.

    i jzj jlcstckj, ijkitc mc j kitrj i ljsj ejgkdkkdar lc urgju j mcpartjtc,hrupud apcrjtkv urgj s stj`kdcjsl jmrcsj cxjlt j dalukick pcitru j cvktjarklc zhagat mc prksas. Gcg`rk jk ejgkdkck mcpartjtuduk crju laiskmcrjk? sakj,lapkkk, prkikk, erjkk, surarkdc, i ljzud i ljrc dalukcsl gprcui lu ejgkdkj ksc jff dj itrckicrcj ljpuduk ejgkdkck, ljrc crj jrcstjt. Jlccjk Kistrulkuicgjkprcvcmcj l ejgkdkj mcpartjt jrc mrcptud s kj dj dalud mcpartrkk `uiurk lc iu

    mcpcsl :22 nh. Ekclrck ejgkdkk urgj s k sc pcrgkt s kj? g`rlgkitc, dci-ocrkc mc larp, ildgkitc, dciocrkc mc pjt, vcscd, dkihurk, eurludkc, luktc, vjscmc `ultrkc, pravkzkk pcitru a dui, `jik, a`kcltc mc vjdajrc, a djm, lccj lc ircjdktjtc iu s-j rcspcltjt.

    Gcrkt jtcikc k ui jdt mctjdku jd Kistrulkuikk, laiearg lrukj pcitru c-ljrc ejgkdkc mcpartjt urgju s c italgktc mau masjrc? uiud pcitru ljpudejgkdkck, lc kildumcj a iat kieargjtkv, lfcstkaijrud jilfctck, mcapatrkv lugjtcrkjdcdc lagpragktajrc> jdtud pcitru lckdjdk gcg`rk jk ejgkdkck, dj ljrc scjicxj lapkj iatck kieargjtkvc mki masjrud ljpuduk ejgkdkck:

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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    i iakdc tcrktarkk alupjtc jutarktkdc savkctklc laistktukju strulturk spclkjdclu slapud mc j laisadkmjtc pazkkkdc arhjicdar uikaijdc. Jstecd, prki fatrrcjLL jd RL(`) mki eastj Sikuic mki 8 gjk :;=:, i euilkj mc gputcriklkt jd LL jd

    RL(`) jd SP\\ k jd LLR jd SP\\ pcitru P\\G j east iugkt \. Hahdkmzc. i duijgjk :;=: isuk Hahdkmzc k-j cxpcmkjt duk K. \tjdki:=ui rjpart i ljrc jtcikaicjzprclug l i @jsjrj`kj lu sprkokiud jltkv jd scrvklkkdar mc kieargjkk ragictkrgkcdc mkecrktar pjrtkmc k arhjikzjkk k-ju kitciskljt jltkvktjtcj rcvadukai-jr. Mrcpt `jz pcitru jltkvktjtcj dar laitrjrcvadukaijr scrvcsl? jltkvud mkec-rktar pjrtkmc `urhfczc, eatkk gakcrk, acrkk jrgjtck jd`c, gjrkk praprkctjrk mcljsc, ichustarkk k tat ecdud mc cdcgcitc jitksavkctklc Duim i laiskmcrjkc,l scrvklkkdc mc kieargjkk ragic ju mcseurjt a kitcis jltkvktjtc laitrjrcv-adukaijr mc spkaijo k i guilj dar sc `jzcjz pc cdcgcitcdc laitrjrcvadukai-jrc, rah LL jd RL(`) mki tajt Sikuicj s-k pcrgkt Lagksjruduk Raparuduk jd\clurktkk mc \tjt j Gadmavck s cecltuczc mcpartjrcj i jdtc rchkuik jdc SP\\j 3222 mc pcrsajic, gprcui lu gcg`rkk ejgkdkkdar dar, mki urgtarud laitki-hcit? jltkvud pjrtkmcdar padktklc ragictk, gakcrk, padkktk k ojimjrgk, acrkjk jrgjtck jd`c, acrk jk jrgjtck jrkstc ljrc mcseajr jltkvktjtc jitksavkctkl,acrk jk jrgjtck ragic ljrc mcseajr jltkvktjtc jitksavkctkl, gjrk lagcr-lkjik, gjrk praprkctjrk mc ljsc, prkgjrk:3.

    Mrcpt tcgck ourkmkl pcitru mcpartrkdc mki duij kuikc :;=: mki tcrktarkkdcalupjtc mc savkctklk i vjrj jiuduk :;=2 crj fatrrcj LLR jd SP\\, mki 0 gjrtkcir. 06;-:08 ss, lu prkvkrc dj mcpartjrcj cdcgcitcdar icdakjdc, fatrrcj LL jd

    RL(`) mki tajt Sikuicj k jd LLR jd SP\\ mki := kuikc ir. :0;;-305 ss, mca-patrkv k duk D. @crkj:5, mki := kuikc :;=:, cgks i laieargktjtc lu kistrulk-uicj Huvcriuduk. Mc jscgcicj, tcgck dchjd gjk crj Pchudjgcitud lu prkvkrc djgamud mc jpdkljrc j surhfkuiuduk lu strgutjrc pcitru uicdc ljtcharkk mc kierjl-tark jpra`jt mc @crkj dj 0; gjk :;=::8.

    Laiearg Rdjiuduk jlkuikdar INUM mc ctjpkzjrc, stj`kdkrc k jihjojrc jlaitkihcitcdar spclkjdc mki Dktujikj, Dctaikj, Cstaikj k P\\G, vkzjt dj := kuikc:;=: mc @crkj, jlcstcj urgju j mcpartjtc? mki Dktujikj i PJ\\ Nagk, mkiDctaikj i rchkuicj Nrjsiakjrsn, mki Cstaikj - i rchkuicj Jdtjk k Njzjfstjiud

    mc \um, mki P\\G i kiutud Jntku`kisn, Njrjhjimj k Nzd-Armj mki Njzjf-stji, i rchkuicj Iavask`krsn k Agsn.3222 mc `r`jk urgju j trkgkk i Nazcdklkjisn k

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    3Radkji Rjvcd, Ic pa svack vadc,Gasnvj, 022:, p. :22.

    :;Jikj Ijimrk-Lumdcj, 02 mc jik mc \k`crkj. Jgkitkrk mki vkj, @ulurctk, Fugjiktjs, 02:0, p.62.

    02

    C. J. Ncrsiavsnkk, \nadkna stakt lcdavcn, Gasnvj, PA\\RCI, 0225, p. :00.0: Kmcg, 06 kuikc k tc-jg markt cu - `jsjrj`cjiud1i Ladugij, :;;2, ir. 5, p. 6=.00 JA\RPG, E. 0

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    3=

    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    dar mugiajsc. Cxpcmkjt su` hkrud strklt sclrct, mup lc sc elcj luiatki lulaikiutud duk, jlcstj trc`ukj s c rcstktukt LP jd RL(`)G0

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    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    lim ajgcikk crju urljk i lruc majr lu fjkicdc lc dc jvcju pc ck. Sikk, mkiljuzj aluduk k j spjkgck, duju lu skic dulrurk kiutkdc. Sicdc ejgkdkk rcucju s kjdj mrug gcrkimc pcitru a jiugkt pcrkajm mc tkgp05.

    Ejgkdkkdc jrcstjtc ju east musc dj savkctud stcsl sju arcicsl, mc jlada,i zarkk zkdck, i ljgkajicdc prchtktc mki tkgp, ju east trjispartjtc dj stjkkdckitcrgcmkjrc mc trci. Pcuktj arhjikzrkk trjispartrkk mcpartjkdar sprc stjkkdckitcrgcmkjrc j trciuduk crj jskhurjt mc ui iugr gjrc mc ladj`arjtark jkINUM. \prc cxcgpdu, i oumcud Lfkkiu ju east ga`kdkzjk :

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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    8. \trcik \trcik :: Pvjlj6. Lfkkiu Pvjlj :: Pvjlj

    Mc dj stjkj kitcrgcmkjr pi dj stjkj gjrejr, pcitru pjzj ejgkdkkdarjrcstjtc, i cljrc vjhai, crju rcpjrtkzjtc ltc lkilk pcrsajic ijrgjtc

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    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    ejgkdkkdar ju east muk dj guilk earjtc i HSDJH, kjr ecgckdc k lapkkk sprc dalu-rkdc mc mcpartjrc. Gcikaig, l i tajt pcrkajmj jffrkk lcdar jrcstjk dj stjkkdcgjrejrc, mki gatkvc mc sclurktjtc, iu ju prkgkt pramusc jdkgcitjrc, majr iajp-

    tcj dk sc mmcj jp.]ajtc praprkctkdc k jvcrkdc ejgkdkkdar mcpartjtc, mup jrcstjrc ju east ijk-aijdkzjtc.

    Dj :5 kuikc :;=: mki hjrj Lfkkiu ju parikt sprc Cst

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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    i jlccjk armkic mc kmck laildumcitc suit grturkkdc \kdvkck Rctrulu (i. :;03)mki rjkaiud admictk, ljrc sc rcecr dj laimkkkdc i ljrc ju east trjispartjtc sprcdalud mc mcstkijkc, lim k lu lc crju friktc i pcrkajmj mcpdjsrkk sprc dalud mc

    mcpartjrc, prclug k jtktumkicj hjrmkcikdar ej mc pcrsajicdc jrcstjtc.Ukltkgc jdc mcpartrkdar stjdkikstc ju east pcrsajic mc tajtc ljtcharkkdc mcvrst. Elim jijdkzj vrstck lcdar lc ju east mcpartjk mki arjud @dk, lai-stjtg l

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    3;

    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    Rciskaijrk

    Mki Lfkkiu i uiud mki trciurk ju east trjispartjtc sprc Iavask`krsn 62:5. Hara`c, Rjstufav>:8. Iugcdc dkpscsl52.

    Jicxj ir. 8

    \tjrcj mc spkrkt k laimkkkdc i ljrc ju east mcpartjtcpcrsajicdc i vjhaiud

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    PCUK\]J MC K\]APKC J GADMAUCK

    \]SMKK

    8. uku-gillkasud k vcscdud, gprcuij lu skgpjtklj duk sakc k mau klc mcapt k :0 jik, mrhuc k `kic cmuljtc.

    6. Jij Gkfjkdavij Guitcji, gprcui lu ud stumcitud Datjrk Hfcrcdk-

    gji. ivtajrc. Jlctkj crju lck gjk skgpjtklk k ludtkvjk ajgcik.;. \daiavsnjkj ivtajrc dj lajdj prkgjr, gprcui lu ud Gkij, stu-mcit.

    :2. Ucrkajrj duk Datjrk, gprcui lu gjgj. Rc tjtj, ivtar, d-ju dujt. A ejteajrtc `ui j`sadvcit. ]at mrugud j east `adijv.

    ::. A gadmavcjil lu mak eclkark k a kl. \aud k-j east dujt. Lrcsltark mc ak.Cj jtt mc gudt s-j `ukglkt l j dujt lu skic ui hfkvclk lu a guljtiffarkt, kjr klj a djgp jprkis.

    :0. Si tir gadmavcji gprcui lu gjgj (Rc tjtj d-ju dujt).:

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    8:

    Gjrkjij \. rjiu

    RPKGSD UJD MC MCRAP]JPC J @J\JPJ@CIKDAP KSIKC :;=:

    jljs. Simc-s `r`jkk dar1 Lc var ejlc lu lapkkk1 Lapkkk pdihcju pcitru l crjuspcrkjk. Rdihcjg lu takk pcitru l pdcljg pc ui mrug icluiaslut i cljrc mkgkicj, jouihim i vrca hjr, ltc mak mki cljrc vjhai, gcr-hcjg lu sjitkicdcdc mup jp cr`kitc, jj-zksud lcjk. Dj jgkjz ic mmcju aldmjrc mc sup, a ougtjtc mc ldmjrc mc tcrlk k ltcvj pkik, pc ljrc ikgcik iudc putcj gilj, dc jruiljg pc hcjgud vjhaiuduk, lim vcmcjg gjk gudk lapkkdih ljdcj ecrjt Amjt lc jouiscscg pc pgitud \k`crkck, iu vcmcjg mrugud ijpak. Lkdcecrjtc crju alupjtc lu cjdajic ilrljtc lu jrgjgcit k sadmjk ljrc pdclju pcerait.

    Ltc mau-trck zkdc sttcjg ilukjk k pzkk mc sadmjk. Jpj lc ik sc mmcj crjkisulkcit k, jtuilk lim pdauj, strihcjg pklturk mc pc strcjkij vjhaiuduk.Lapkkk gklk pdihcju mc ldmur k sctc. Mki vjhaiud iastru iu j gurkt ikgcik,

    mjr ju east irchkstrjtc gjk gudtc ljzurk mc mclcs. Ppasjkk crju dsjk i hrkdcpc uimc ic aprcjg i tkgpud ldtarkck jg itdikt gjk gudtc vjhajic mc gadmavcik, iugjkecgck k lapkk, mjr iklk cdc iu tkju ikgkl mcsprc sakk dar.

    Rcstc :6 zkdc jg jouis dj Iavask`krsn. Jg stjt i vjhajic ilukjk asptgi. itrc tkgp ju gurkt lkvj `trik k lapkk. Ikgcik iu tkc uimcdc putrczcsl ajscdc Rcstc a sptgi ic-ju g`jrljt pc ui vjpar gjrc,i sjdj mcstkijt pcitru gjre k `jhjoc. Sikk mkitrc iak jg east ihfcsukk idcpurk5