studiu în domeniul energiei produse din biogaz

8/12/2019 Studiu n domeniul energiei produse din biogaz

1/132

Modernization of local services in theRepublic of Moldova

Study for determining the energy efficiency measures neededto improve the situation in Orhei Hospital

Vienna, October 2011

Chisinau, February 2012


2/132

IMPRESSUM:

Client: GOPA (GIZ project Improvement of municipal services, Moldova)

Contractor: Kommunalkredit Public Consulting GmbH (KPC)Trkenstrasse 9, 1092 Vienna, www.publicconsulting.atContract No.: C21919/SWE2-2011-04-01

Project team: Norbert Peherstorfer, Dmitriy Ivanenko
http://www.publicconsulting.at/http://www.publicconsulting.at/http://www.publicconsulting.at/


3/132


4/132

Table of Contents

0. Abbreviations 71. Executive summary 8

1.1 Summary of savings, investment costs, 91.2 Results of the financial analysis 91.3 Recommendations, next steps 10

2. Introduction 112.1 Scope and deliverables of the mission 11

2.1.1 Scope of mission and key activities 112.1.2 Deliverables 11

3. Approach and methodology appl ied for the mission 123.1 Identification of studies conducted during previous missions 123.2 Meeting with hospital management 123.3 Identification of hospital needs 123.4 Collection of energy and facility data 133.5 Identification of energy saving opportunities 133.6 Calculation of energy savings 133.7 Financial analysis 133.8 Next steps for final action plan (not included in this mission) 14

4. General overview Orhei hospital 145. Energy consumption 17

5.1 Energy supply, energy prices 175.1.1 Electricity 175.1.2 Natural gas 175.1.3 Fresh water 18

5.2 Production data, energy data 18

6. Investment projects 216.1 Project 1: Wall insulation, insulation technical level and windows oftherapy buildings nr.1, nr.2 21

6.1.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation) 216.1.2 Concept of improvement (saving project) 22

6.2 Project 2: Heat insulation of technical level in maternity buildings nr.3,nr.4 24

6.2.1 Description of the baseline scenario: 246.2.2 Concept of improvement (saving project): 26

6.3 Project 3: Wall insulation, insulation of technical level of theconsultancy building nr.16 27

6.3.1 Description of the baseline scenario: 27

6.3.2 Concept of improvement (saving project): 286.4 Project 4: Wall insulation, insulation of technical level of the pediatric

building nr.18 296.4.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation) 296.4.2 Concept of improvement (saving project) 31

6.5 Project 5: Optimization of the heat production (boiler houses) 326.5.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation) 326.5.2 Concept of improvement (saving project) 34

6.6 Project 6: Optimization of the heat distribution system (district heatingsystem 1) 35

6.6.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation) 356.7 Project 7: Implementation monitoring system 37

6.7.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation) 376.7.2 Concept of improvement (saving project) 37

0-IV


5/132

6.8 Project 8: Optimization of the electricity supply system (transformerstation) - see energy audit report provided by Iurii Ghies 39

6.8.1 Description of the baseline scenario 396.8.2 Concept of improvement 40

7. Project ideas (to be further developed) 417.1 Optimizing of the light system 417.2 Optimization of laundry 417.3 Kitchen: Replacement of electric stoves by gas stoves 427.4 Optimizing of hot water preparation in hospital buildings 427.5 Ventilation: approving systems for ventilation for hospital buildings 42

8. Summary of savings, investment costs , 439. Financial analysis 43

9.1 Investment costs, operation & maintenance expenditure 439.2 Financial analysis 44

10. Recommendations, next steps 4511. Training needs identified for Orhei Hospital staff 46

11.1 Key responsibilities and deliverables 4611.1.1 Core activities 4611.1.2 Additional activities 47

11.2 Essential Skills, experiences and qualifications 4812.Annex A: Pictures 4913.Annex B: Detai led calculat ions 5214.Annex D: Cash Flow Analysis 6315.Annex E: Conversation factors, exchange rate 7216.Annex F: References, considered studies 72

0-V


6/132

0-VI

List of TablesTable 1: List of buildings of Orhei hospital ........................................................................ 16Table 2: Electricity consumption, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT)..................... 17Table 3: Natural gas consumption, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT).................. 18

Table 4: Fresh water consumption incl. sewage, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT).................................................................................................................................. 18

Table 5: Summary of turnover, energy consumption, specific values and benchmarks ... 20Table 6: Building components, U-Values of the therapy building complex ....................... 22Table 7: Actual meter reading in substation therapy building nr.1, nr.2............................ 22Table 8: Calculation of annual savings of the project in therapy building complex ........... 24Table 9: Building components, U-Values of the maternity building complex .................... 25Table 10: Actual meter reading in substation maternity building nr.3, nr.4 ....................... 25Table 11: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 27Table 12: Building components, U-Values of the consultancy building complex .............. 27Table 13: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 29Table 14: Building components, U-Values of the pediatric building complex.................... 30

Table 15: Calculation of annual savings of the project in pediatric building complex ....... 32Table 16: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 35Table 17: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 37Table 18: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 38Table 19: Calculation of annual savings ........................................................................... 41Table 20: Summary of savings, investment costs............................................................. 43Table 21: Investment costs, savings, O&M costs ............................................................. 44Table 22: Results of the financial analysis (ranked according IRR).................................. 45


7/132

0. Abbreviations

GeneralCHP Combined heat and powerESCO Energy service companyEU European UnionU-Value Heat transfer coefficient in W/mKIRR Internal rate of returnNPV Net present valueVAT Value added taxCAPEX Capital expendituresOPEX Operational expendituresO&M Operational and maintenance costs

EmissionsCO2 Carbon dioxideNOx General oxides of nitrogenSOx General oxides of sulfur

UnitskWh Kilowatt hoursMWh Megawatt hoursGWh Gigawatt hoursKJ Kilo JoulesMJ Mega Joules

GJ Giga JouleskCal Kilo CaloriesMCal Mega CaloriesGCal Giga CalorieskW KilowattMW Megawattm Square meterm Cubic metera Yeard Dayh HourK Kelvin

L Litern/h Air exchange rate per hourPday Patient day

Currencies:EUR EuroMDL Moldavian LeitMDL Tousand Moldavian Lei

7


8/132

1. Executive summary

This study was conducted to identify saving opportunities in Orhei regional hospital andto estimate/calculate savings from identified projects.

The following projects were identified and agreed to be elaborated in this study:

Project 1: Improvements of bui lding complex 1,2 (therapy unit )

Insulation of walls with 7 cm rock wool, insulation of technical level with 15 cm rock wool,replacement of windows.

reduction of heat consumption of the building, increased comfort.

Project 2: Improvements of bui lding complex 3,4 (maternity un it)

Insulation of technical level with 15 cm rock wool.


Project 3: Improvements of building complex 16 (consultancy unit )Insulation of walls with 7 cm rock wool, insulation of technical level with 15 cm rock wool.


Project 4: Improvements of building complex 18 (pediatric unit)

Insulation of walls with 7 cm rock wool, insulation of technical level with 15 cm rock wool.


Project 5: Optimization of the heat production (boiler houses)

Connection of the district heating network 1 and 2 by installing a tube heat exchanger sys-tem. This measure will enable the hospital to supply the entire territory from boiler house 2.

reduction of natural gas consumption, increased supply security, reduced maintenanceand repair costs.

Project 6: Optimization of the heat dist ribut ion system (district heating system 1)Refurbishment of the existing district heating network 1 (replacement of approx. 1,300 mpipes), 12 heat substaions for biggest heat consumers and to balance the hydraulic sys-tem.

reduction of natural gas consumption, increased comfort in buildings, increased supplysecurity, reduced maintenance and repair costs

Project 7: Introduction of a monitoring system for natural gas, electricity, freshwater, heat energyImplementation of a monitoring system for energy and fresh water comprising of the follow-

ing components: heat meters for biggest heat consumers, electricity meters for biggestelectricity consumers, water meters for biggest water consumers, data loggers for datatransferring and software package.

this will enable the hospital management to identify wasted energy and initiate savingmeasures.

Project 8: Optimization of the electrici ty supply system (transformer stations)

Connection of the two transformer stations with an internal 0,4 kV power cable in order tosupply the entire hospital from transformer station T1.

reduction of electricity losses, increased supply security.

Additional energy saving opportunities identified during the mission, but not investigated indetails, are summarized in Chapter 7.

8


9/132

1.1 Summary of savings, investment costs

The overall investment costs (incl. VAT) were estimated at 8,829,456 MDL (582,126 EUR).The savings of electricity were calculated to 61 MWh per year. The savings of natural gas were

calculated to 1,550 MWh per year and for fresh water 1,371 m per year. The overall amount ofCO2 reductions is around 309 t per year. The monetary savings per year (excl. O&Mcosts/savings) were calculated to 1,156,602 MDL/a.

Summary of calculated savings

Investment

costsSavings

1) Electr ic i ty Heat Electr ici ty Natural gasFresh

water

CO2

Emissions

Project MDL MDL/a MWh/a MWh/a MWh/a MWh/a m/a t/a

Project 1: Wall insulation, insulation technical

level, windows of therapy buildings #1, #22,258,636 278,671 0.0 0.0 0.0 428.0 0.0 85.6

Project 2: Heat insulation of technical level in

maternity buildings #3, #4587,860 152,787 0.0 0.0 0.0 234.7 0.0 46.9

Project 3: Wall insulation, insulation of

technical level of the consultancy building #16737,200 97,419 0.0 0.0 0.0 149.6 0.0 29.9

Project 4: Wall insulation, insulation oftechnical level of the pediatric building #18

874,000 133,591 0.0 0.0 0.0 205.2 0.0 41.0

Project 5: Optimization of the heat production

(boiler houses)324,000 60,950 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.6 0.0 18.7

Project 6: Optimization of the heat distribution

system (district heating system 1)3,582,360 195,097 0.0 0.0 0.0 299.6 0.0 59.9

Project 7: Implementation monitoring system 365,400 201,907 0.0 0.0 38.5 139.2 1,370.7 16.9

Project 8: Optimization of the electricity

supply system (transformer station)100,000 36,180 0.0 0.0 22.5 0.0 0.0 9.9

Sum 8,829,456 1,156,602 0.0 0.0 61.0 1,549.9 1,370.7 308.8

Negative values indicates additional consumption

1) Exclusive O&M costs

Production Savings

1.2 Results of the financial analysis

For each project the net present value (NPV), payback-period and the internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated (see Annex C). Financing sources, interests for loans, loan repayments,etc. were not considered in the calculations.

Scenario 1: energy prices will be stable no price increase over the calculation period lessrealistic scenario.

Scenario 2: energy prices will increase by 10% per year over the calculation periodmost realistic scenario.

Scenario 3: energy prices will increase by 15% per year over the calculation period.

Consultant recommends to consider scenario 2 as most realistic.The investigated projects 1 to 8 show an overall IRR of > 9.1%, an overall pay back time of 8years and an overall NPV of +608,173 MDL for the scenario 1 (constant energy prices over thenext 15 years).For the scenario 3 (15% energy prices increase over the next 15 years) the overall IRR for theprojects 1 to 8 was calculated at +25.8%, the overall pay back time at 5 years and the overallNPV at +20.129.442 MDL.

Whereas for the most realist ic scenario 2 (10% energy prices increase over the next 15years) the overall IRR for the projects 1 to 8 was calculated at +20.1%, the overall payback time at 5.8 years and the overall NPV at +10,545,121 MDL.

Detailed results of the financial analysis see table below, projects are ranked according IRR.

9


10/132

Financial analysis

Project

Energy price increse 0% / 10% /15% 0% 10% 15% 0% 10% 15% 0% 10% 15%

Project 8: Optimization of the electricitysupply system (transformer station)

35.8% 49.4% 56.2% 2.8 2.4 2.3 210 530 830


(boiler houses)27.3% 39.0% 43.7% 3.6 3.0 2.9 454 1,172 1,677


maternity buildings #3, #425.1% 37.6% 43.8% 3.8 3.0 2.8 720 2,075 3,341

Project 7: Implementat ion monitor ing system 21.2% 37.1% 48.6% 4.5 3.5 3.0 336 1,418 3,091


technical level of the pediatric building #1812.8% 24.0% 29.7% 6.5 5.0 4.4 269 1,454 2,561


technical level of the consultancy building #1610.1% 21.1% 26.6% 7.6 5.5 5.0 960 960 1,768


level, windows of therapy buildings #1, #28.9% 19.8% 25.2% 8.1 5.8 5.2 127 2,598 4,907


system (district heating system 1)-0.4% 9.2% 13.6 % 15 .5 9.4 8.1 -1,604 338 1,955

Overall 9.1% 20.1% 25.8% 8.0 5.8 5.0 608 10,545 20,130

Net present value

tMDL

IRR

%

Pay back

years

1.3 Recommendations, next steps

According the results given in the financial analysis the Consultants recommends (from aeconomical point of view) to consider all projects except project 6 Optimization of the heatdistribution system (district heating system 1) for the draft action plan. High investment costs(3,6 Mio. MDL) and a relative high long pay back time of 9.4 years are the reasons for exclud-ing project 6 from the draft action plan.

Once the hospital management has decided on the projects for further elaboration, the Con-sultant recommends to conduct the following steps to elaborate the final action plan for imple-mentation:

Requests for a binding offer from potential suppliers/construction companies for eachof the selected projects final investment costs.

If suppliers/construction companies change the technical scheme or specification, O&Mcosts and savings needs to be recalculated.

Furthermore the management has to identify/secure the financing sources for each projector a package of projects (own equity, subsidy from national or regional funds, loans fromfinancial institutions) financial plan.

Recalculation of the financial analysis with updated data (investment costs, savings,

O&M costs, financing plan). The projects need to be ranked according their financialresults. Hospital management selects the projects for implementation final action plan.

10


11/132

2. Introduction

2.1 Scope and deliverables of the missionWithin the GIZ project Modernization of local services in the Republic of Moldova the projectImproving energy efficiency of Orhei regional hospital was selected for being supported inimproving the energy efficiency situation.

2.1.1 Scope of mission and key activities

The Consultant provides assistance to the GIZ energy efficiency focal point to conduct thefollowing activities:

Improving and finalization of the study on improving the overall energy efficiency situationin the Orhei Hospital project.

Identifying the training needs in energy efficiency for different categories of Orhei hospitalemployees.

Preparation of a presentation on the preliminary findings of the study.

2.1.2 Deliverables

The following deliverables were defined to provide to the GIZ energy efficiency focal point:

Finalization of the study on improving the overall energy efficiency situation in the Orheihospital project.

Identification of training needs in energy efficiency for different categories of Orhei hospitalemployees.

Presentation on the study findings.

Investigated hospital:Orhei regional hospital

Project team:Mr. Norbert Peherstorfer International energy expertMr. Dmitriy Ivanenko International energy expert

Hospital staff:Ms. Elena Palanciuc Director of hospitalMr. Ivan Cozakevich Chief of hospital household services

Site visit: 15.01.2012 28.01.2012Preparation of study: January 2012 February 2012

11


12/132

3. Approach and methodology applied for the mission

In order to achieve the expected results, the following approach and methodology was chosenby the Consultant.

3.1 Identification of studies conducted during previous missions

Prior to this mission two studies from local experts were conducted:

Feasibility study for a reduction in heating, hot water supply and catering operating cost atOrhei hospital; Maximuk E. P., PhD; Chisinau 2011

Orhei Hospital Complex Energy Audit; Iurii Ghies; Chisinau 2011

The studies were provided prior to Consultants mission and were used as the starting point forthe mission. Studies see Annex F.

3.2 Meeting with hospital management

The first step during the mission on the site was to hold a meeting with the hospital manage-ment to introduce the mission, the personnel involved and to explain the main benefits for thehospital. Furthermore working steps, time schedule, expected results and hospital staff neededfor conducting the mission were discussed in details. Data necessary for the elaboration of thestudy such as energy consumption data, energy costs, tariffs, number of hospital beds, numberof patients and other relevant information was requested.

3.3 Identif ication of hospital needsThe Orhei regional hospital comprises of around 30 buildings spread over an area of approx.5,9 ha. 16 buildings (out of 30 buildings) are being used for hospitals operation. The Consult-ant discussed with the hospital management the main problems in the operation of hospitalsfacilities in order to get familiar with the specific needs and to identify key projects to be inves-tigated (projects 1 4). The Consultant proposed also to focus on the energy production andenergy distribution network to buildings (projects 5 - 8).

The following projects were identified and agreed to be elaborated in this study:

Project 1: Improvements of building complex 1,2 (therapy unit).

Project 2: Improvements of building complex 3,4 (maternity unit).

Project 3: Improvements of building complex 16 (consultation unit).

Project 4: Improvements of building complex 18 (pediatric unit).

Project 5: Optimization of the heat production (boiler houses).

Project 6: Optimization of the heat distribution system (district heating system 1).

Project 7: Introduction of a monitoring system for natural gas, electricity, fresh water, heatenergy.

Project 8: Optimization of the electricity supply system (transformer stations).

Energy saving opportunities identified during the mission, but not investigated in details, are

summarized in Chapter 7.

12


13/132

3.4 Collection of energy and facility data

To gain knowledge of the hospital and its energy consumption, energy consuming equip-ment/systems and key business data Consultant requested and collected information on the

building operation characteristics and the technical characteristics of various energy consum-ing equipment/systems from the following sources:

Hospital management, accounting department Energy consumption (electricity, natural gas), water consumption

Energy costs and tariff, water costs and tariffs

Implemented projects and investment costs

Hospital expenses

Operational problems

Hospital technical staff

Technical specification of equipment Building specification

Hospital plan, building plan

Operational problems

Consultants investigations during site visit Technical specification of equipment

Building specification

Meter readings, detailed consumption data, other production data

Operational procedures, problems

Technical condition of equipment

3.5 Identif ication of energy saving opportunit ies

During several site visits the Consultant together with the hospital technical staff investigatedheat production systems, heat distribution systems, buildings and energy consuming equip-ment/systems. The Consultant gained information on the technical condition of buildings,technical equipment and operational procedures. Furthermore additional energy saving oppor-tunities were identified.

3.6 Calculation of energy savings

Once technical feasible energy saving opportunities were identified, the Consultant outlined abasic technical scheme and calculated the expected savings of natural gas, electricity, freshwater and CO2emissions.

3.7 Financial analysis

The investment costs were estimated for each project based on technical schemes by theConsultant. The estimation of the costs was founded on specific investment costs from similarprojects which have been already implemented in the hospital1 and on Consultants experi-ences. The Consultant did not request/receive offers from potential suppliers/construction

1Insulation of walls and replacement of windows for maternity building nr.3, nr.4

13


14/132

companies, since reliable offers can be received usually only during an official tender processor via an engineering company contracted to implement the projects.The Consultant conducted a financial analysis based on calculated savings and estimatedinvestments costs for three different scenarios. The investigated projects were rated accordingtheir financial results in order to select projects for submission to a funding institution or for afurther in depth project analysis draft action plan.

3.8 Next steps for final action plan (not included in this mission)

Once the hospital management has decided on the projects for further elaboration, the Con-sultant recommends to conduct the following steps to elaborate the final action plan for imple-mentation:

Requests for a binding offer from potential suppliers/construction companies for eachof the selected projects final investment costs.

If suppliers/construction companies change the technical scheme or specification, opera

tion costs and savings needs to be recalculated.

The management has to identify/secure the financing sources for each project or a pack age of projects (own equity, subsidy from national or regional funds, loans from financial

institutions)financial plan.

Recalculation of the financial analysis with updated data (investment costs, savings,O&M, financial plan). The projects need to be ranked according their financial results.Hospital management selects projects for implementationfinal action plan.

4. General overview Orhei hospital

Orhei hospital is a regional hospital with around 430 beds and around 650 employees, locatedin the city of Orhei. The hospital comprises of around 30 buildings spread over a territory of 5,9ha. Currently, only 16 objects are in use with a conditioned floor area of approximately 21.020m (see Figure 1: Plan of Orhei hospital), several others are foreseen to be refurbished.

Some buildings have been already refurbished or will be refurbished in the near future, never-theless the technical standard of the majority of the buildings is poor without any heat insula-tion applied.

Heating situation:The buildings on the territory of the hospital are supplied from two independently operating

boiler houses. Each boiler house supplies heat via a separated district heating network to thebuildings connected. Boiler house 2 and district heating system 2, which was put into operationin 2010 is in an excellent condition with a high technical standard applied.Boiler house 1 and district heating system 1 are in a poor technical condition. Both boilerhouses are in operation only during the heating season.Due to the unbalanced district heating system 1, the comfort in the buildings is poor (over-heated zones and heat deficits).

Hot water situation:Buildings connected to the boiler house 2 (buildings nr.1, nr.2, nr.3, nr.4) are supplied with hotwater from a hot water tank in the basement of the buildings, which is heated from the districtheating system. During non-heating season hot water is prepared by electrical heaters.

Buildings connected to the boiler house 1 are supplied with hot water by individual electricheaters.

14


15/132

Figure 1: Plan of Orhei hospital with district heating networks

The buildings marked in Figure 1are listened in the table below:

15


16/132

# Levels Usage Condi ti oned area Heat load approx. 2011

m kW

Administrative bui lding 300 29

1 1 Emergency + gallery 4,180 397

2 Insurance company

3 Book -keeping offi ce

2 1 Blood transfusion + Physiotherapy

2 Therapy uni t buid ing

3 1 Maternity welfare center + maternity unit 5,380 360

2 Maternity unit

3 Gynecology

4 1 Laboratory + de livery un it

2 Maternity unit

3 Maternity unit

5 1 Pharmacy 780 74

2 Pharmacy

6 1 Logistic service

7 1 I nfection disea se s 500 48

8 1 Idle premises

9 1 Gastrology

2 Gastrology

10 1 Dining room + k itchen 360 34

11 1 Laundry 600 57

12 1 Steriliza tio n un it 240 23

13 1 Garage

14 1 Groceries storage, refrigerator 130 12

15 1 Medical control 660 63

2 Red Cross

3 Tomograph

161 Co nsultation unit

800 762 Co nsultation unit

17 1 Idle premises

18 1 Cardiology 3,400 323

2 Pediatric unit

3 Neurology

4 ENT unit

19 1 Church

20 1 Rennovation

21 1 Admission unit

21 1 Resuscitation

21 1 X-ray

21 1 Ultrasound 3,400 323

2 Trauma3 Surgery

22 1 Furnace

23 1 Idle premises

24 1 Morgue 290 28

25 1 Household goods storage

26 1 Entrance hal l (shop)

27 - P1

29 - P2

Sum 21,020 1,846

Table 1: List of buildings of Orhei hospital

16


17/132

5.Energy consumption

5.1 Energy supply, energy prices

5.1.1 Electricity

The hospital is supplied with electricity (400 V) from two individual transformer stations (Trans-former 1 zone 1, Transformer 2 zone 2). Each transformer supplies electricity only tobuildings in its supply zone. Currently there is no direct connection between the transformerstations. Each transformer station is supplied from 3 individual connections from the public gridat the level of 10 kV.For emergency cases a diesel generator with a capacity of 100 kWel is placed next to trans-former 1 to provide electricity to zone 1 (zone 2 cannot be supplied from the diesel generator).

Electricity measurement devices: main electricity meters are installed at the transformerstations. Transformer losses has to be covered by the hospital.

The electricity consumption was 920 MWh in 2009 and 856 MWh in 2011. Between 2009 and2011, the total electricity demand decreased by 7%. In the same period the total costs forelectricity increased by 46%.

The electricity consumption and expenses between 2009 and 2011 are been summarized inthe table below.

Energy TP1 Energy TP2 Energy price Costs Energy TP1 Energy TP2 Energy price Costs Energy TP1 Energy TP2 Energy price Costs

kWh kWh

MDL/MWh

incl VAT MDL kWh kWh

MDL/kWh

incl VAT MDL kWh kWh

MDL/kWh

incl VAT MDL

1 51.307 57.057 1,100 119.200 48.628 60.454 1,320 143.988 39.615 40.868 1,608 129.417

2 47.411 53.348 1,100 110.835 49.108 64.699 1,596 181.636 41.920 43.855 1,608 137.926

3 47.173 50.120 1,100 107.022 41.823 48.445 1,596 144.068 38.291 42.304 1,608 129.597

4 40.273 43.576 1,100 92.234 38.388 51.244 1,596 143.053 40.734 42.196 1,608 133.351

5 24.259 30.193 1,100 59.897 28.835 34.902 1,596 101.724 25.018 32.571 1,608 92.603

6 23.294 25.847 1,100 54.055 23.804 23.386 1,596 75.315 26.186 29.441 1,608 89.448

7 22.770 23.015 1,100 50.364 25.296 32.935 1,596 92.937 24.704 25.291 1,608 80.392

8 21.484 23.920 1,100 49.944 24.362 26.944 1,596 81.884 26.376 25.590 1,608 83.561

9 27.133 30.231 1,100 63.100 24.518 28.564 1,596 84.719 28.560 27.948 1,608 90.865

10 32.724 44.141 1,100 84.552 36.448 45.911 1,596 131.445 31.900 41.889 1,608 118.653

11 41.082 40.860 1,100 90.136 32.653 39.743 1,596 115.544 31.900 42.711 1,608 119.974

12 57.624 61.367 1,100 130.890 45.550 52.668 1,596 156.756 58.674 47.526 1,608 170.770

Sum 436.534 483.675 1,100 1.012.230 419.413 509.895 1,564 1.453.069 413.878 442.190 1,608 1.376.557

Month

Electricity input per month

920.209 929.308 856.068

2009 20112010

Table 2: Electricity consumption, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT)

5.1.2 Natural gas

The hospital is supplied with natural gas by the public gas utility to the main substation.

Natural gas measurement devices: gas meter in boiler house 1 and boiler house 2

The natural gas consumption was 299,570 m in 2009 and 325,627 m in 2011. Between 2009and 2011, the total natural gas demand increased by 9%. In the same period the total costs fornatural gas increased by 52%.

The natural gas consumption and expenses between 2009 and 2011 are been summarized inthe table below.

17


18/132

Month Gas BH1 Gas BH2 Energy price Costs Gas BH1 Gas BH2 Energy price Costs Gas BH1 Gas BH2 Energy price Costs

m m MDL/m MDL m m MDL/m MDL m m MDL/m MDL

1 65.464 0 4,000 261.856 73.821 0 4,440 327.765 36.572 31.522 4,932 335.840

2 47.058 0 4,000 188.232 54.876 0 4,440 243.649 34.504 28.000 5,197 324.833

3 55.584 0 4,000 222.336 44.963 0 4,440 199.636 26.788 23.642 5,197 262.085

4 18.544 0 4,000 74.176 3.910 0 4,440 17.360 22.153 10.005 5,197 167.125

5 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 150 1.038 5,197 6.1746 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 1.645 5,197 8.549

7 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 1.122 5,197 5.831

8 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 0 - -

9 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 0 - -

10 15.758 0 3,746 59.029 14.271 12104 4,932 130.082 9.612 8.483 6,185 111.918

11 42.661 0 3,746 159.808 16.135 12307 4,932 140.276 22.732 20.706 6,185 268.664

12 54.501 0 3,746 204.161 31.987 30231 4,932 306.859 24.903 22.050 6,185 290.404

Sum 299.570 3,904 1.169.598 239.963 54.642 5,691 1.365.627 177.414 148.213 5,471 1.781.423

299.570 294.605 325.627

20112010

Natural gas input per month

2009

Table 3: Natural gas consumption, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT)

5.1.3 Fresh water

The hospital is supplied with fresh water by own wells on the hospital territory.

The fresh water consumption was 25.782 m in 2009 and 30.459 m in 2011. Between 2009and 2011, the fresh water demand increased by 18%. In the same period the total costs forfresh water increased by 30%.The fresh water consumption and expenses between 2009 and 2011 are been summarized inthe table below.

Water Water price Costs Water Water price Costs Water Energy price Costs

m

MDL/m incl

VAT MDL m

MDL/m incl

VAT MDL m

MDL/m incl

VAT MDL

1 2.282 31,440 71.746 2.278 31,440 71.620 2.035 31,440 63.980

2 2.168 31,440 68.162 2.202 31,440 69.231 3.131 33,600 105.202

3 2.052 31,440 64.515 2.126 31,440 66.841 2.581 33,600 86.722

4 2.208 31,440 69.420 2.096 31,440 65.898 3.232 33,600 108.595

5 2.044 31,440 64.263 2.170 31,440 68.225 2.612 33,600 87.763

6 2.062 31,440 64.829 3.078 31,440 96.772 2.339 33,600 78.590

7 2.079 31,440 65.364 2.395 31,440 75.299 2.342 36,000 84.312

8 2.173 31,440 68.319 2.213 31,440 69.577 2.175 36,000 78.300

9 2.105 31,440 66.181 2.283 31,440 71.778 2.456 36,000 88.416

10 2.128 31,440 66.904 2.711 31,440 85.234 2.518 36,000 90.648

11 2.182 31,440 68.602 2.407 31,440 75.676 2.496 36,000 89.856

12 2.299 31,440 72.281 2.038 31,440 64.075 2.542 36,000 91.512

Sum 25.782 31,440 810.586 27.997 31,440 880.226 30.459 34,600 1.053.896

Month

20112010

Fresh water

2009

Table 4: Fresh water consumption incl. sewage, prices, costs (prices and costs incl. VAT)

5.2 Production data, energy data

The total expenses of the hospital amounted to 41,2 Mio. MDL in 2011. The electricity costshad a share of 3,3% of the expenses in 2011. The electricity consumption amounted to 920MWh in 2009 and 856 MWh in 2011 (decrease of -7%).The natural gas costs had a share of 4,3% of the expenses in 2011. The gas consumptionamounted to 2.846 MWh in 2009 and 3.093 MWh in 2011 (increase of +9%).

The fresh water costs had a share of 2,6% of the expenses in 2011. The fresh water consump-tion amounted to 25.782 m in 2009 and 30.459 m in 2011 (increase of +18%).

The total costs (electricity, natural gas, fresh water) had a share of 10,2% in 2011.

18


19/132

The electricity consumption per m amounted to 44 kWh/m in 2009 and 41 kWh/m in 2011 decrease of -7% (benchmark European hospitals 80 120 kWh/m). The natural gas consump-tion per m amounted to 135 kWh/m in 2009 and 147 kWh/m in 2011 increase of +9%(benchmark European hospitals 200 - 350 kWh/m). The fresh water consumption per patientday amounted to 218 l/pday in 2009 and 243 l/pday in 2011 increase of +11% (benchmarkEuropean hospitals 420 l/pday).

A comparison of the specific energy consumption of Orhei hospital with values of a modernhospital is obviously unrewarding, since the level of comfort is different (Orhei hospital: limitedhot water demand, no controlled ventilation, limited cooling, etc.).The table below gives an overview about energy consumption, specific values and bench-marks.

19


20/132

2009 2010 2011

Expenses MDL - - 41,200,000

Number of patient # 15,726 15,476 15,913

Patientdays days 118,250 119,970 125,560

Number of beds # 430 430 430

Conditioned area m 21,020 21,020 21,020

Electricity consumption kWh 920,209 929,308 856,068

Electricity price MDL/kWh 1.100 1.564 1.608

Electricity costs per year MDL 1,012,230 1,453,069 1,376,557

Electricity per bed kWh/bed 2,140 2,161 1,991

Electricity per patient kWh/patient 59 60 54

Electricity per m kWh/m 44 44 41

Share electricity costs % - - 3.3%

Benchmark : Electricity per m kWh/m 80 - 120 80 - 120 80 - 120

Natural gas consumptio n MWh 2,846 2,799 3,093

Natural gas price MDL/MWh 410.97 487.94 575.87

Natural gas costs per year MDL 1,169,598 1,365,627 1,781,423

Natural gas per bed kWh/bed 6,618 6,509 7,194

Natural gas per patient kWh/patient 181 181 194

Natural gas per m kWh/m 135 133 147

Share of natural gas costs % - - 4.3%

Benchmark : Natural gas per m kWh/m 200 - 350 200 - 350 200 - 350

Total energy consumption per year MWh 3,766 3,728 3,950

Total energy costs per year MDL 2,181,828 2,818,696 3,157,980

Total energy per bed kWh/bed 8,758 8,670 9,185Total energy per patient kWh/patient 239 241 248

Total energy per m kWh/m 179 177 188

Total energy costs per patient MDL/patient 138.7 182.1 198.5

Total energy costs / expenses % - - 7.7%

Fresh water consumpt ion m 25,782 27,997 30,459

Fresh water price MDL/m 31.4 31.4 34.6

Fresh water costs per year MDL 810,586 880,226 1,053,896

Fresh water per bed m/bed 60 65 71

Fresh water per patient l/patient 1,639 1,809 1,914

Fresh water per patientday l/patientday 218 233 243

Share of fresh water costs % - - 2.6%

Benchmark : fresh water per bed m/bed 124 124 124

Benchmark : fresh water per patientd l/patientday 420 420 420

Total costs MDL 2,992,414 3,698,922 4,211,877

Total costs / expenses % - - 10.2%

Increase of costs per year 706,508 512,954

Increase of costs in % 24% 14%

1) Benchmarks in Europaen hospitals

Summary production and energy data

Table 5: Summary of turnover, energy consumption, specific values and benchmarks

20


21/132

6. Investment projects

For each sub-project a specific baseline-scenario was developed. The baseline-scenario

describes the scenario what would happen if the investigated saving project will not be imple-mented. In case of optimization of existing equipment the currently used equipment (and itsenergy consumption) represents the baseline-scenario.In case of a greenfield project or substantial enlargement of production capacity, new produc-tion equipment with the lowest investment costs (and its energy consumption) will be consid-ered as baselinescenario.

6.1 Project 1: Wall insulation, insulation technical level and windows oftherapy build ings nr.1, nr.2

6.1.1 Description of the baseline scenario (current situation)

The baseline scenario was defined as the building in the current situation without heat insula-tion of walls, technical level and basement. Windows building nr.1: old wood double framewindows, building nr.2: 2nd level windows are already replaced, in the 1st level still old woodenframe windows (see picture 1, 2 Annex A). Doors have been replaced in both buildings.

Listing of the building components: baseline energy efficiency pro ject

Building components were provided by hospital technical staff and were assessed during thesite visit (were accessible). U-Values estimated with platform www.u-value.net, based on

technical characteristics received from suppliers, hospital technical staff and Moldavian techni-cal standards and norms.

Building component Baseline (from inside tooutside)

Energy efficiency project(from inside to outside)

3 cm of plaster 3 cm of plaster

35 cm of light concrete 35 cm of light concrete

- 7 cm insulation of rockwool panels

Total width is 38 cm; Total width is 45 cm;

Walls

U-Value in W/mK: 1,62 U-Value in W/mK: 0,42

Windows (type 1) Wooden double framewindows, 325 mU-Value in W/mK: 2,56

PVC double frame win-dows, 325 mU-Value in W/mK: 1,80

Windows (type 2) PVC double frame windowsU-Value in W/mK: 1,80

PVC double frame windowsU-Value in W/mK: 1,80

Roof Not considered Not considered


22 cm horizontal concreteplate


10 cm ceramsite concrete 10 cm ceramsite concrete

- 15 cm insulation rockwool

Technical level

- Support constructionincluding 2 cm of woodenboards (OSB panel)


21
http://www.u-value.net/http://www.u-value.net/


22/132

Non heated room Non heated room


35 cm light concrete 35 cm light concrete

Basement


Table 6: Building components, U-Values of the therapy building complex

Consultant was collecting meter data in the boiler house 2 and at the heat substation of thematernity building nr.3, nr.4 (picture 8, Annex A) and at the heat substation of therapy buildingnr.1, nr.2 (picture 3, 4 Annex A), results see table below. The boiler house delivered a capacityof 294 kW into the network 2 on 19.01.2012 14:00 (heat energy meter at boiler house, picture 5Annex A).

Date Outsidetemp.

Load inkW

Actual count of the heatmeter in MWh

19.01.2012 14:30 0 C 133 694

20.01.2012 14:30 +3 C 134 698

24.01.2012 14:00 +3,6 C 125 711

Table 7: Actual meter reading in substation therapy building nr.1, nr.2

Calculation of the energy consumption of the baseline-scenario (detailed calculation seeAnnex B):

General data:Number of levels: 2 and 3Conditioned area: 4,138 m

Area of windows replaced: 325 mArea of walls: 1,382 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 CBasic ventilation2: 0.5 n/hInternal heat load3: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredHeat degree days4: 3,770 Kd/aEstimated boiler efficiency5: 90%

Effective maximal heat load (incl. ventilation): 397 kWHeat consumption per year (incl. ventilation): 906.5 MWh/aSpecific energy consumption per m: 219 kWh/ma

Natural gas consumption per year: 906.5 MWh / 0,90 = 1,007.0 MWhNatural gas costs: 1,007.0 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 655,658 MDLCO2Emissions: 1,007.0 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 201.4 tCO2/a

6.1.2 Concept of improvement (saving project)

The project foresees to improve the therapy building by applying thermal heat insulation for thefollowing building components:

2Recknagel, Taschenbuch fr Heizung und Klimatechnik 2011/12

3Dena, Energetische Bewertung von Bestandsgebuden

4SNiP II-3-79 (Building norms and requirements)


22


23/132

Walls: 7 cm rock wool, plaster (according to information of hospital technical staff it is notpermitted to apply polystyrene boards in hospitals due to local building regulations).

Insulation of the technical level: 15 cm rock wool, support construction incl. wood boards(having the technical level accessible). Technical level see picture 6 Annex A.

Replacement of existing windows in building nr.1 and nr.2 by new windows with U-value of1.8 W/mK.

Calculation of the energy consumption of the saving pro ject (detailed calculation seeAnnex B):

General data:Number of levels: 2 and 3Conditioned area: 4,138 mArea of windows replaced: 325 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 C

Basic ventilation6: 0.5 n/hInternal heat load7: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredHeat degree days8: 3,770 Kd/aEstimated boiler efficiency (boiler house 2)9: 90%


Natural gas consumption per year: 521.3 MWh / 0.90 = 579.0 MWh

Natural gas costs: 579.0 MWh * 651 MDL/MWh = 376.929 MDLCO2Emissions: 579.0 MWh * 0,2 tCO2/MWh = 115.8 tCO2/a

Capital and operation & maintenance expenditure (inc l. VAT)

The total investment costs were estimated at around 2,258,636 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). O&M costs were estimated at: 0 MDL/a.

Investment costs were estimated based on costs of already implemented projects on thehospital territory, provided by the hospital management10:Walls insulation: 900 MLD/m of insulated wallWindows: 1,300 MLD/m of replaced windowInsulation of the technical level: 340 MDL/m (estimated by Consultant)

Calculation of annual savings (for detailed calculations see Annex B)

Baseline Saving project Savings

Natural consumption gas inMWh/a

1,007.0 579.0 428.0

Electricity consumption in MWh/a - - -

Energy costs in MDL/a 655,658 376,987 278,671

6Recknagel, Taschenbuch fr Heizung und Klimatechnik 2011/127Dena, Energetische Bewertung von Bestandsgebuden



10Wall insulation and windows replacement maternity building nr.3, nr.4

23


24/132

CO2Emissions in tCO2/a 201.4 115.8 85.6

Table 8: Calculation of annual savings of the project in therapy building complex

Consultants recommendations:

Consultant recommends to implement windows with an U-Value of < 1.3 W/m, K.

Consultant recommends to discuss with responsible authority the application of polystyreneboards (EPS) instead of rock wool for outside insulation. If polystyrene boards can be ap-plied, the thickness of insulation should be increased to 10 cm to further decrease the heatlosses.

Windows in the technical level should be kept closed.

Additional savings could be achieved by applying heat insulation at the basement level.

Ventilation of the building should be improved.

6.2 Project 2: Heat insulation of technical level in maternity bui ldings nr.3,nr.4

6.2.1 Description of the baseline scenario:

The baseline scenario was defined as the building in the current situation with heat insulatedwalls but without heat insulation of technical level and basement. Windows in both buildingsare replaced (respectively in the process of being replaced) see picture 7 Annex A.


Building components were provided by hospital technical staff and were assessed during thesite visit (were accessible). U-Values estimated with platform www.u-value.net, based ontechnical characteristics received from suppliers, hospital technical staff and Moldavian techni-cal standards and norms.

Building component Baseline (from inside tooutside)

Energy efficiency project(from inside to outside)



7 cm insulation rock woolpanels

7 cm insulation rock woolpanels


Walls


Windows PVC double frame windowsU-Value in W/mK: 1,80

PVC double frame windowsU-Value in W/mK: 1,80

Roof Not considered Not considered

Technical level 3 cm of plaster 3 cm of plaster




- 15 cm insulation rockwool

- Support constructionincluding 2 cm of woodboards (OSB panel)

24


25/132


Non heated room Non heated room



Basement

U-Value in W/mK: 1,29 U-Value in W/mK: 1,29Table 9: Building components, U-Values of the maternity building complex

Consultant was collecting meter data in the boiler house 2 and at the heat substation of thematernity building nr.3, nr.4 (picture 8, Annex A) and at the heat substation of therapy buildingnr.1, nr.2 (picture 3, 4 Annex A), results see table below. The boiler house delivered a capacityof 294 kW into the network 2 on 19.01.2012 14:00 (heat energy meter at boiler house, picture 5Annex A).

Date Outsidetemp.

Load inkW

Actual count of theheat meter in MWh

Actual count of thewater meter in m

19.01.2012 14:30 0 C 153 818 29720.01.2012 14:30 +3 C 156 822 298

24.01.2012 14:00 +3 C 146 835 -

Table 10: Actual meter reading in substation maternity building nr.3, nr.4


General data:Number of levels: 3Conditioned area: 5,379 mArea of technical level: 1,729 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 CBasic ventilation11: 0.5 n/hInternal heat load12: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredHeat degree days13: 3,770Kd/aEstimated boiler efficiency14: 90%

Effective maximal heat load (incl. ventilation): 360 kW

Heat consumption per year (incl. ventilation): 787.7 MWh/aSpecific energy consumption per m: 146 kWh/ma

Natural gas consumption per year: 787.7 MWh / 0.90 = 875.2 MWhNatural gas costs: 875.2 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 569,862 MDLCO2Emissions: 875.2 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 175.0 tCO2/a



13SNiP 2.01.01-82 (Building norms and requirements)


25


26/132

6.2.2 Concept of improvement (saving project):

The hospital plans to improve the maternity building by applying thermal heat insulation for thefollowing building components:

Technical level: 15 cm rock wool, support construction incl. wood boards (having thetechnical level accessible). Technical level see picture 9.


General data:Number of levels: 3Conditioned area: 5,379 mArea of technical level: 1,729 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 C

Basic ventilation15: 0.5 n/hInternal heat load16: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredHeat degree days17: 3.770Kd/aEstimated boiler efficiency18: 90%


Natural gas consumption per year: 576.5 MWh / 0,90 = 640.6 MWhNatural gas costs: 640.6 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 417,075 MDLCO2Emissions: 640.6 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 128.1 tCO2/a

Capital and operation & maintenance expenditure (incl . VAT)

The total investment costs were estimated at around 587,860 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). O&M costs were estimated at: 0 MDL/a.

Investment costs were estimated based on costs of already implemented projects on thehospital territory, provided by the hospital management19:Walls insulation: 900 MLD/m of insulated wallWindows: 1,300 MLD/m of replaced windowInsulation of technical level: 340 MLD/m (Consultants estimation)

Calculation of annual savings (for detailed calculations see Annex C)


Natural gas consumption inMWh/a

875.2 640.6 234.7





Dena, Energetische Bewertung von Bestandsgebuden17

SNiP II-3-79 (Building norms and requirements)18

Recknagel, Taschenbuch fr Heizung und Klimatechnik 2011/1219

Wall insulation and windows replacement maternity building nr.3, nr.4

26


27/132

Table 11: Calculation of annual savings

Recommendations:



Ventilation situation of the building should be improved.

6.3 Project 3: Wall insu lation, insulation of technical level of theconsultancy building nr.16

6.3.1 Description of the baseline scenario:

The baseline scenario was defined as the building in the current situation with replaced win-dows and without heat insulation of the walls, technical level (roof) and basement, see picture10, 11 Annex A.


Building components were provided by hospital technical staff and were assessed during thesite visit (were accessible). U-Values estimated with platform www.u-value.net, based ontechnical characteristics received from suppliers, hospital technical staff and Moldavian techni-cal standards and norms.

Building component Baseline (from inside to

outside)

Energy efficiency project

(from inside to outside)3 cm of plaster 3 cm of plaster


- 7 cm insulation rock woolpanels


Walls


PVC windows PVC windowsWindows



22 cm horizontal concrete

plate

22 cm horizontal concrete

plate10 cm ceramsite concrete 10 cm ceramsite concrete

- 15 cm insulation rock wool


- Support constructionincluding 2 cm of woodenflake board (OSB panel)

Technical level (roof)

Poor condition. Direct contactwith outside air

Direct contact with outside air



Basement


Table 12: Building components, U-Values of the consultancy building complex

27


28/132


General data:Number of levels: 2Conditioned area: 800 mArea of walls: 668 mArea of technical level (roof): 400 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 CBasic ventilation20: 0.5 n/hHeat degree days21: 3,770 Kd/aInternal heat load22: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredEstimated boiler efficiency (boiler house 1)23: 85%

Effective maximal heat load (incl. ventilation): 98 kW

Heat consumption per year (incl. ventilation): 228 MWh/aSpecific energy consumption per m: 285 kWh/ma

Natural gas consumption per year: 228 MWh / 0.85 = 268.2 MWhNatural gas costs: 268.2 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 174,657 MDLCO2Emissions: 268.2 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 53.6 tCO2/a

6.3.2 Concept of improvement (saving project):

The hospital plans to improve the consultancy building by applying thermal heat insulation forthe following building components:

Walls: 7 cm rock wool, plaster (according to information of hospital technical staff it is notpermitted to apply polystyrene boards in hospitals by local requirements to buildings)

Technical level (roof): 15 cm rock wool, support construction incl. wood boards (having thetechnical level accessible)


General data:Number of levels: 2Conditioned area: 800 m

Area of walls: 668 mArea of technical level (roof): 400 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 CBasic ventilation24: 0.5 n/hHeat degree days25: 3,770 Kd/aInternal heat load26: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredEstimated boiler efficiency (boiler house 1)27: 85%



22Dena, Energetische Bewertung von Bestandsgebuden23



SNiP II-3-79 (Building norms and requirements)26

Dena, Energetische Bewertung von Bestandsgebuden

28


29/132


30/132


31/132

Heat consumption per year (incl. ventilation): 562.8 MWh/aSpecific energy consumption per m: 166 kWh/ma

Natural gas consumption per year: 562.8 MWh / 0.85 = 662.2 MWhNatural gas costs: 662.2 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 431,130 MDLCO2Emissions: 662.2 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 132.4 tCO2/a


The hospital plans to improve the Pediatric building by applying thermal heat insulation for thefollowing building components:

Walls: 7 cm rock wool, plaster (according to information of hospital technical staff it is notallowed to apply polystyrene boards in hospitals by local requirements to buildings). Onlyside facades will be insulated.

Technical level: 15 cm rock wool, support construction incl. wood boards (having thetechnical level accessible)


General data:Number of levels: 4Conditioned area: 3,400 mTechnical level (below roof): 850 mArea of insulated walls: 650 mReference climate: Indoor +20 C, Outside -16 CBasic ventilation33: 0.5 n/hHeat degree days34: 3,770 Kd/aInternal heat load35: 5 W/mSolar gains: not consideredEstimated boiler efficiency (boiler house 1)36: 85%


Natural gas consumption per year: 388.4 MWh / 0.85 = 457.0 MWh

Natural gas costs: 457.0 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 297,540 MDLCO2Emissions: 457.0 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 91.4 tCO2/a

Capital and operation & maintenance expenditure (incl. VAT)

The total investment costs were estimated at around 874,000 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). O&M costs were estimated at: 0 MDL/a.

Investment costs were estimated based on costs of already implemented projects on thehospital territory, provided by the hospital management37:





31


32/132

Walls insulation: 900 MLD/m of insulated wallWindows: 1,300 MLD/m of replaced windowTechnical layer: 340 MDL/m of insulated area (based on Consultants estimation)



Natural consumption gas inMWh/a

662.2 457.0 205.2




Table 15: Calculation of annual savings of the project in pediatric building complex

Recommendations:

Consultant recommends to discuss with responsible authority of applying polystyreneboards (EPS) instead of rock wool for outside insulation. If polystyrene boards can be ap-

plied, the thickness of insulation should be increased to 10 cm to further decrease the heatlosses.



Ventilation of the building should be improved.

6.5 Project 5: Optimization of the heat product ion (boiler houses)


The entire territory of the hospital is supplied from two independently operating boiler houses(boiler house 1 and boiler house 2). Each boiler house supplies heat via a separated districtheating network to the buildings connected (see figure below).

Boiler house 1 anddistrict heatingnetwork 1

Boiler house 2 anddistrict heatingnetwork 2

Figure 2: Plan of Orhei hospital

37Wall insulation and windows replacement maternity building nr.3, nr.4

32


33/132

Boiler house 1 & dis tric t heating network 1 (see pictures 14, 15, 16, 19 Annex A):2 natural gas boilers, nominal capacity each: 950 kWTotal boiler capacity: 1.900 kWYear of manufacturing: 2007Condition of heating system in boiler house: corrosion in at least one of the two boilers, nowater preparation, no heat insulation of pipes, simple boiler control system, poor controlsystem of supply temperature to the network.Meters installed in the boiler house: 1 gas meter (consumption will be manually recorded everyhour from boiler house staff), 1 water meter (consumption will be manually recorded from boilerhouse staff).

District heating network: approx. 650 m (=1,300 m pipes in poor technical condition, poorthermal insulation), max. DN 150Supplied buildings: approximately heat load: 1,100 kW (12 buildings)

Operation period: October AprilHot water supply for connected buildings: hot water will be provided by individual electricalheaters in each building or building level.

Operational problems: the hospital management mentioned that buildings close to boiler house1 are over supplied with heat energy.

Boiler house 2 & distr ict heating network 2 (see pictures 17, 18, Annex A):3 natural gas boilers, nominal capacity each: 750 kWTotal boiler capacity: 2,250 kWYear of manufacturing: 2010Condition of heating system in boiler house: excellent, high technical standard

Meters installed in the boiler house: 2 gas meters, 1 heat meter (data will not be recorded)

District heating network 2: approx. 200 mSupplied buildings: approximately heat load: 800 kW (2 building complexes)Operation period 2011: October JulyHot water supply for connected buildings: hot water will be provided in water storage tanksheated by the district heating system, see pictures 1, 3, 4, 8 Annex A.

Operational problems: None; due to the high technical standard of the control system, currentlyno internal hospital staff is involved in the operational routines. The plant is operated andmaintained by an external service company.


Boiler house 1:Natural gas consumption 2011: 1,685 MWhEstimated annual use boiler efficiency38: 85 %Heat supplied to the system: 1,685 * 0.85 = 1,432.3 MWh

Boiler house 2:Natural gas consumption 2011: 1,408 MWh

38Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house, source Taschenbuch fr Heizung und

Klimatechnik, 2011/2012

33


34/132

Estimated annual use boiler efficiency39: 90 %Heat supplied to the system: 1,408 * 0.90 = 1,267.2 MWh

Total heat energy supplied from boiler house 1 and 2: 1,432.3 + 1,267.2 = 2,699.5 MWhTotal natural gas consumption: 1,685 + 1,408 = 3,093 MWh

Energy costs: 3,093 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 2,013,852 MDLCO2Emissions: 3,093 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 618.6 tCO2/a


The project foresees the connection of the district heating network 1 and 2. This measure willenable the hospital to supply the entire territory from boiler house 2 (total boiler capacity is2.250 kW). The old boiler house 1 will be kept for emergency cases.

The following components need to be implemented:

Tube heat exchanger system to connect district heating networks with a capacity ofapprox. 1.2 1.5 MW (it is not recommended to connect the networks directly withoutany hydraulic separation, since this could cause operational problems for the heatingsystem of boiler house 2).

Adoptions of the pipe system in boiler house 1 to use existing pump system.

Benefits:

Reduced heat losses and reduced natural gas consumption.

Reduced electricity consumption (not considered in the calculations since reduction issmall).

Reduced maintenance costs, repair costs, service costs for boiler house 1. 200 % supply security.


Boiler house 1:Natural gas consumption: 0 MWhEstimated annual use boiler efficiency40: 85 %Heat supplied to the system: 0 * 0.85 = 0 MWh

Boiler house 2:Heat energy demand of the entire system: 2,699.5 MWh/aEstimated annual use boiler efficiency41: 90 %Heat supplied to the system: 2,699.5 / 0.90 = 2,999.4 MWh

Total heat energy supplied from boiler house 1 and 2: 0 + 2,999.5 = 2,999.5 MWhTotal natural gas consumption: 0 + 2,999.4 = 2,999.4 MWh

39Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house, source Taschenbuch fr Heizung und

Klimatechnik, 2011/201240

Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house, source Taschenbuch fr Heizung undKlimatechnik, 2011/201241

Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house, source Taschenbuch fr Heizung undKlimatechnik, 2011/2012

34


35/132

Energy costs: 2,999.4 MWh * 651.1 MDL/MWh = 1,952,902 MDLCO2Emissions: 2,999.4 MWh * 0.2 tCO2/MWh = 599.9 tCO2/a

Capital and operation & maintenance expenditure (incl. VAT)The total investment costs were estimated at around 324,000 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). O&M costs were estimated at: -30,000 MDL/a (maintenance and repaircosts of the energy saving project will be lower than for the baseline scenario).

Investment costs were estimated based on Consultants experiences (offers from potentialsuppliers were not collected).



Fuel consumption gas in MWh/a 3,093 2,999.4 93.6

Electricity consumption in MWh/a 0 0 0Energy costs in MDL/a 2,013,852 1,952,902 60,950



Recommendations:

Consultant recommends no direct connection of network 1 and 2.

6.6 Project 6: Optimization of the heat distr ibut ion system (dist rict heatingsystem 1)


The boiler house 1 supplies heat energy via district heating network 1 to the connected build-ings (see Figure 2: Plan of Orhei hospital). The pipes are placed in collectors which are onlypartly accessible (see pictures 16, 19 Annex A).Estimated length of the network 1: approx. 650 m (=1,300 m pipes)Max. dimension: DN 150Insulation standard is poor, partly corrosion

Supplied buildings: approximately heat load: 1.100 kW (12 buildings).Operation period: October April (it is expected that the hot water supply will be provided fromthe boiler house in the future all year operation).


Natural gas consumption 2011 boiler house 1: 1,685 MWhEstimated annual use boiler efficiency42: 85 %Heat supplied to the system: 1,685 * 0.85 = 1,432.3 MWh

Heat losses in the pipe system

43

: 278.7 MWh/a

42Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house

35


36/132

Heat energy supplied to the building: 1,432.3 278.7 = 1,153.6 MWhSavings from balanced system: 0 MWh/a

Energy costs: 1.685 MWh * 651,1 MDL/MWh = 1.097.104 MDLCO

2Emissions: 1.685 MWh * 0,2 tCO

2/MWh = 337.0 tCO

2/a

Concept of improvement (saving project)

The project foresees the refurbishment of the existing district heating network 1 with around650 m (=1,300 m pipes) and to balance the hydraulic system. Heat energy will be providedfrom boiler house 1. The following components will be replaced:

Replacement of 1,300 m district heating pipes by pre-insulated district heating pipesincluding earthworks. Max nominal dimension is DN150.

12 heat substations for each building (heat exchanger, balancing valves, pumps, neces-sary fittings)

Benefits: Increased supply security of the buildings (no breakdowns in the pipe system).

Increased comfort in the buildings, no overheated and undersupplied zones and build-ings due to heat substation and balancing valves.

Decreased gas consumption due to heat insulated pipes and balanced system.


Heat energy supplied to the buildings: 1,153.6 MWhEstimated savings from balanced system: 10%115.4 MWh/aHeat demand consumers after balancing the system: 1.153.6 115.4 = 1,038.2 MWh/a

Heat losses in the pipe system44: 139.3 MWh/aHeat supplied to the system: 1,038.2 +139.3 = 1,177.6 MWhEstimated annual use boiler efficiency45: 85 %Natural gas consumption boiler house 1: 1,177.6 / 0.85 = 1,385.4 MWh

Energy costs: 1,385.4 MWh * 651,1 MDL/MWh = 902,006 MDLCO2Emissions: 1,385.4 MWh * 0,2 tCO2/MWh = 277.1 tCO2/a


The total investment costs were estimated at around 3,582,360 MDL (= additional costs to the

baseline scenario). O&M costs were estimated at: -30.000 MDL/a (maintenance and repaircosts of the energy saving project will be lower than for the baseline scenario).





1,685.0 1,385.4 299.6

43All year operation

44For all year operation

45Annual use efficiency of the boiler system incl. heat losses of pipes in the boiler house

36


37/132

Electricity consumption in MWh/a 0 0 0

Energy costs in MDL/a 1.097.104 902,006 195,097



Recommendations:

Pumps in boiler house 1 should be controlled by VSD-unit (variable speed drive).

6.7 Project 7: Implementation moni toring system


Currently there is no structured energy monitoring system in place, although at least 13 metersare available on the territory:Boiler house 1: 1 x natural gas, 1 x fresh waterBoiler house 2: 2 x natural gas, 1 x heat energy delivered into the system, 1 x electricity, 1 xfresh waterHeat substation maternity building: 1 x heat meter, 1 x water meterHeat substation therapy building: 1 x heat meter, 1 x water meterTransformer 1: 1 x electricityTransformer 2: 1 x electricity


Natural gas consumption 2011: 3.093 MWhElectricity consumption 2011: 856 MWhFresh water consumption 2011: 30.459 m

Saving potential: 0 %

Energy costs + water cost: 3.093 MWh * 651,1 MDL/MWh + 856 MWh * 1.608 MDL/MWh +30.459 * 36 MDL/m = 4.486.824 MDLCO2Emissions: 3.093 MWh * 0,2 tCO2/MWh + 856 MWh * 0,44 tCO2/MWh = 995.2 tCO2/a


The project foresees the implementation of a basic monitoring system for energy and freshwater. The monitoring system should be designed in a way that future extensions (additionalmeters) can be added to the system. The control system (visualisation) of boiler system 2 canbe optionally integrated in such a system.The following components will be installed:

7 additional heat meters (for buildings more than 40 kW heat load).

10 additional electricity meters (for buildings with highest electrical load).

10 additional water meters (for buildings with high water consumption and for fresh wa-

ter pump station).

37


38/132

5 data logger with automatic data transfer to a server unit, cable works between metersand data loggers.

Software package for data analyzing.

The suggested additional meters provide a sound database. In a following step, the analysis ofthe energy data gives indication of saving potentials.


Natural gas consumption 2011: 3.093 MWhMonitored consumption (approx. 90%): 2,783.7 MWhSaving potential: 5%Natural gas consumption: 3.093 (2,783.7 * 0.05) = 2,953.8 MWh

Electricity consumption 2011: 856 MWhMonitored consumption (approx. 90%): 770.4 MWhSaving potential: 5%Electricity consumption: 856 (770.4 * 0.05) = 817.5 MWh

Fresh water consumption 2011: 30.459 mMonitored consumption (approx. 90%): 27,413 mSaving potential: 5%Fresh water consumption: 30.459 (27,413 * 0.05) = 29,088 m

Energy costs + water cost: 2,953.8 MWh * 651,1 MDL/MWh + 817.5 MWh * 1.608 MDL/MWh +29,088 * 36 MDL/m = 4,284,917 MDL

CO2Emissions: 2,953.8 MWh * 0,2 tCO2/MWh + 817.5 MWh * 0,44 tCO2/MWh = 978.3 tCO2/a


The total investment costs were estimated at around 365,400 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). Costs for operating the monitoring system were estimated at: 120.000MDL/a.





3,093 2,953.8 139.2

Electricity consumption in MWh/a 856 817.5 38.5

Fresh water consumption in m 30,459 29,088 1,371

Energy + water costs in MDL/a 4,486,824 4,284,917 201,907



38


39/132

6.8 Project 8: Optimization of the electr icity supply system (transformerstation) - see energy audit report provided by Iurii Ghies

Basic data and calculations were extracted from audit report Iurii Ghies.

6.8.1 Description of the baseline scenario

The hospital will be supplied with electricity from two transformer stations located on thehospital premises (T1, T2 see Figure 2: Plan of Orhei hospital). Each transformer station will besupplied by 3 independent power lines 10 kV for security reasons.

Simplified scheme of T1:

T1 (10 kV / 0,4 kV): 2 x 400 kVASupply area: entire territory except buildings 1, 2, 3, 4,10, 113 independent 10 kV supply linesEmergency power generation unit: 100 kW,Fuel: fuel oilOnly one transformer is in operation

Simplified scheme of T1:

T2 (10 kV / 0,4 kV):2 x 630 kVA

Supply area: buildings 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 113 independent 10kV supply lines

Emergency power generation unit: noneOnly one transformer is in operation

Energy meters (M1, M2) measure the consumed energy (installed by the power supply com-pany). Transformer losses are covered by the hospital.

Emergency power supply (see picture 20, 21 Annex A):

100 kW/0,4 kV diesel generator. The generator is switched on manually in emergency casesby the electrician on duty.

The load profile for a typical day is shown in the figure below. The load profile show the maxi-mum in hour 4 (= 11:00 in the morning) with around 260 kVA. Average load is between 70 kVAand 170 kVA.

39


40/132

Figure 3: Load profile of T1 and T2

Calculation of the energy consumption of the baseline-scenario (calculations see energyaudit report Iurii Ghies):

T1: Transformer losses: 24.09 kWh/dT2: Transformer losses: 34.97 kWh/dTotal electricity losses: (24.09 + 34.97) * 365 days = 34,275.5 kWh/aElectricity costs per year: 34.3 MWh * 1,608 MDL/MWh = 55,154 MDLCO2Emissions: 34.3 MWh * 0.44 tCO2/MWh = 15.1 tCO2/a

6.8.2 Concept of improvement

The project foresees to connect the two transformer stations with an internal 0,4 kV powercable (approximately 170 m) in order to supply the entire hospital from transformer station T1.The project includes cable, construction works and ancillary equipment. This will enable thehospital to shut down transformer station T2 (stand by operation) and to reduce electricitylosses.

The supply security for the hospital will be fully maintained or even increased since:

Transformer station T2 will be kept.

Each of the transformer stations will be able to supply the entire territory.

The fuel oil emergency power generator will be able to deliver power to the entire territory.

Calculation of the energy consumption of the saving pro ject (calculations see energy auditreport Iurii Ghies):

T1: Transformer losses: 32.2 kWh/dTotal electricity losses: 32.3 * 365 days = 11,789.5 kWh/aElectricity costs per year: 11.8 MWh * 1,608 MDL/MWh = 18,974 MDL

CO2Emissions: 11.8 MWh * 0.44 tCO2/MWh = 5.2 tCO2/a

40


41/132

Capital and operation & maintenance expenditure (inc l. VAT)

The total investment costs were estimated at around 100,000 MDL (= additional costs to thebaseline scenario). Costs for maintenance were estimated at: 0 MDL/a.

Investment costs according energy audit report provided by Iurii Ghies.

Calculation of annual savings



0 0 0

Electricity consumption (losses)in MWh/a

34.3 11.8 22.5




Recommendations:

The project needs to be designed in accordance with all Moldavian standards and require-ments.

The project needs to be discussed and approved from the energy utility.

7. Project ideas (to be further developed)

It is recommended to consider the following project ideas for further development.

7.1 Optimizing of the light system

Light systems are usually the biggest consumer group for electricity in a hospital. In order toreduce the consumption the following steps could be considered:

Reduce light intensity where it is too high (corridors, stair house 150 - 200 lux, work places300 - 500 lux), where applicable.

Identification and replacement of incandescent light pulps by compact fluorescent luminar-ies, where applicable.

Identification and replacement of old fluorescent tube lamps with conventional ballasts byenergy efficient fluorescent tube lamps with electronic ballasts and reflector

Implementation of light control systems (time switch, occupation sensor, daylight sensor),where useful.

7.2 Optimization of laundry

The laundry can be optimized by:

Replacement/optimization of centrifuges to remove as much water from the washed textiles

as possible before using the dryer. Replacement of washing machines and/or dryers.

Pre-heat the fresh water by means of a waste heat recovery of the waste water.

41


42/132

Prove the possibility of outsourcing the laundry services.

7.3 Kitchen: Replacement of electric stoves by gas stoves

The energy costs of the kitchen can be reduced by replacing existing electrical stoves by gasstoves.

7.4 Optimizing of hot water preparation in hospi tal build ings

The preparation of hot water for sanitary usages by means of individual electrical heater isusually the most expensive process. To heat 1 m of fresh water up to 60 C by an electricalheater will cost approx. 96 MDL. The cost for the preparation of 1 m of hot water with a naturalgas boiler system amounts to approx. 46 MDL (distribution losses not considered). Therefore itshould be considered to provide hot water for sanitary usages in the buildings from the districtheating network. Such a system is already in place for the maternity unit (building nr.3, nr.4)

and the therapy unit (building nr.1, nr.2) see pictures 3, 4, 8, Annex A.

Before the implementation of a solar water heater system to provide hot water to individualbuildings the following aspects should be considered:

Energy production of the solar system should be guaranteed by the supplier of the system.

During winter periods or periods with reduced radiation, the production of the solar systemwill be limited and hot water must be provided by other systems.

The current hot water consumption of the hospital is very low in comparison with modernhospitals. Measuredconsumption of the maternity unit during 1 day: 1.000 l; the averagehot water demand46in hospitals is around 30 50 l/person or 100 300 l per bed. Whendesigning a system the increased consumption in the coming years should be considered.

The solar system must be integrated correctly in the existing hydraulic system.

Hygienic requirements must be considered.

7.5 Ventilation: approving systems for ventilation for hospi tal build ings

Providing the sound amount of fresh air is essential for a good and healthy indoor climate inbuildings in particular in hospitals where air is usually higher charged than in other buildings.Buildings in Orhei hospital are not equipped with functioning ventilation systems. Beforebuilding refurbishments such as replacement of windows and heat insulation of walls, fresh air

was provided basically by natural ventilation through unsealed windows, walls and openeddoors.After building refurbishments (replacement of windows and insulation of walls) natural ventila-tion will be reduced significantly. In order to keep the required air exchange rate the ventilationof the rooms has to be provided manually (regularly manually opening the windows) or bymechanical ventilation systems (centralized or decentralized ventilation unit, ventilation ductsto/from each room).

Consultant recommends to consider the implementation of ventilation systems (optional with aheat recovery system) in refurbished buildings in order to provide a sound indoor climate forthe patients and employees.

46Taschenbuch fr Heizung und Klimatechnik 2011/2012 S:1548

42


43/132

8. Summary of savings, investment costs,

The overall investment costs (incl. VAT) were estimated at 8,829,456 MDL (582,126 EUR).The savings of electricity were calculated to 61 MWh per year. The savings of natural gas were

calculated to 1,550 MWh per year and for fresh water 1,371 m per year. The overall amount ofCO2 reductions is around 308,8 t per year. The monetary savings per year (excl. O&Mcosts/savings) were calculated to 1,156,602 MDL/a.The detailed investment costs and the calculated savings on electricity, natural gas, freshwater and savings per year (excl. O&M costs/savings) are shown in the table below.

Summary of calculated savings

Investment

costsSavings

1) Electr ic i ty Heat Electr ici ty Natural gasFresh

water

CO2

Emissions

Project MDL MDL/a MWh/a MWh/a MWh/a MWh/a m/a t/a


level, windows of therapy buildings #1, #22,258,636 278,671 0.0 0.0 0.0 428.0 0.0 85.6


maternity buildings #3, #4587,860 152,787 0.0 0.0 0.0 234.7 0.0 46.9


technical level of the consultancy building #16737,200 97,419 0.0 0.0 0.0 149.6 0.0 29.9


technical level of the pediatric building #18874,000 133,591 0.0 0.0 0.0 205.2 0.0 41.0


(boiler houses)324,000 60,950 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.6 0.0 18.7


system (district heating system 1)3,582,360 195,097 0.0 0.0 0.0 299.6 0.0 59.9

Project 7: Implementation monitoring system 365,400 201,907 0.0 0.0 38.5 139.2 1,370.7 16.9

Project 8: Optimization of the electricity

supply system (transformer station)100,000 36,180 0.0 0.0 22.5 0.0 0.0 9.9

Sum 8,829,456 1,156,602 0.0 0.0 61.0 1,549.9 1,370.7 308.8

Negative values indicates additional consumption

1) Exclusive O&M costs

Production Savings

Table 20: Summary of savings, investment costs

9. Financial analysis

9.1 Investment costs, operation & maintenance expenditure

The overall investment costs (=additional cost to the baseline scenario, incl. VAT) for theprojects 1 to 8 were estimated to 8,829,456 MDL (582,126 EUR).The estimation of the costs was based on specific investment costs from similar projects whichhave been already implemented in the hospital47 and on Consultants experiences. The Con-sultant did not request/receive offers from potential suppliers/construction companies, sincereliable offers can be received usually only during an official tender process or via an engineer-ing company contracted to implement the projects.The more detailed breakdown of the investment costs for each project is shown in Annex B.

The projected operation & maintenance costs (excluding energy costs) associated with theprojects were estimated at +54.000 MDL/a.

47Insulation of walls and replacement of windows for maternity building nr.3, nr.4

43


44/132

SavingsOperation &

Maintenance

Measure MDL EUR MDL/a MDL/a


level, windows of therapy buildings #1, #22,258,636 148,912 278,671 0


maternity buildings #3, #4587,860 38,758 152,787 0


technical level of the consultancy building #16737,200 48,604 97,419 0

Project 4: Wall insulation, in

studiu în domeniul energiei produse din biogaz

Documents