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    Structuri SpecialeCurs 2Standarde n domeniul ingineriei civile

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    Coninutul prezentrii

    Noiuni introductive Ce sunt Eurocodurile?

    Cum aplicam Eurocodurile? Concluzii

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    Ce este un standard?

    Un standard (din lb. englez: standard, lb.

    francez: norme sau lb. german: norm) este un

    document tehnicproiectat sfie folosit ca regul,

    ghid sau definiie.

    Din (DEX, 1998) Standard=norm sau ansamblu

    de norme care reglementeaz calitatea,

    caracteristicile, forma, etc a unui produs;

    document n care sunt consemnate aceste norme.

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    Avantajele utilizrii standardelor

    Standardele sporesc sigurana produselor Standardele ncurajeazdezvoltarea economic Standardele permit productorilor s se conformeze cu legislaia

    european Standardele promoveaz interoperabilitatea de produse i servicii Standardele faciliteaz adoptarea inovrii in pia Standardele ncurajeaz o concuren mai mare Standardele faciliteazschimburile comerciale prin diminuarea

    barierelor comerciale Standardele sprijin durabilitatea mediului Standardele reflect rezultatele de cercetare i dezvoltare Standardele promoveaz o nelegere comun

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    Membri reprezentani

    pe naiuni

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Centralizator EurocoduriEN 1991 Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures

    EN 1991-1-1 Densities, self-weight and imposed loads for buildings

    1. general

    2. requirements3. limit state

    4. actions on structures and environmental influences

    5. material properties

    6. geometrical properties

    7. modelling for structural analysis and resistance

    8. design by testing and quality control

    9. verification by the partial factor method

    EN 1991-1-2 General actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire

    EN 1991-1-3 General actions - Snow loads

    EN 1991-1-4 General actions - Wind actions

    EN 1991-1-5 General actions - Thermal actions

    1. General

    2. Classification of actions

    3. Design situation

    4. Representation of actions5. Temperature changes in buildings

    6. Temperature changes in bridges

    7. Temperature changes in industrial chimneys and pipelines

    EN 1991-1-6 General actions - Actions during execution

    EN 1991-1-7 Accidental actions due to impact and explosions

    EN 1991-2 Traffic loads on bridges

    EN 1991-3 Actions induced by cranes and machinery

    EN 1991-4 Actions on silos and tanks

    SR EN 1991-1-1-2004

    http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdf
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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    EC 2 Rezemare gr. transv. pe stalpi din

    b.a. la elemente prefabricate

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    EC 2 Stalpi din b.a. (ce rol au etrierii?

    Ce rol au barele longitudinale?)

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    EC 2 Rolul armaturii longitudinale la

    grinzile din beton armat

    Inainte de fisurare

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    EC 2 Grinzi din b.a. dispunere etrieri

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    EC 2 Plansee din b.a. dispunere

    armatura pe 2 directii

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    EC2

    Dispun

    erepla

    nsee

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Cadre metalice la o cladire de birouri

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    Contravantuiri

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    EC 4 pl. hi.

    composite column floor = beam + slabcomposite beam

    composite slabplanseucompozit

    conector

    stalpcompozit

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    EC 4 pl. hi.

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    EC 5Lucrarea executat la PrimriaSectorului 1 din Bucureti esteuna de referin n domeniulreabilitrii si extinderii cldirilorde patrimoniu. S-a dorit pe lngpstrarea formei i acoperiuluiiniial i obinerea unui "open

    space" pentru amenajarea debirouri.

    www.glulam.ro

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    EC 5

    LimeaGlulam s.a produce in mod curent grinzi cu urmatoarele limii:65 - 90 - 115 - 140 - 160 - 185 - 200 mm.

    Pentru comenzi speciale se pot produce grinzi cu o lime de pn la 225 mm.Uneori proiectele care folosesc lemn lamelat ncleiat prevd limi mai mari dect celemaxime ce pot fi produse dintr-o singura laminare. Aceasta problema o putem rezolva

    printr-o laminare dubl (lipirea a dou grinzi pe limea acestora) obinndu-se astfel limide pn la 400 mm. Procesul de producie este ns destul de complicat, necesitnd un tipspecial de adeziv i prin urmare cu cost mai ridicat.Grinzile cu limea de 65 mm se obin de regul prin spintecarea unei grinzi de 140 mm. nlimea

    nlimea apare ca un multiplu de un numr exact de scnduri. Pentru producia grinzilorstandard Glulam s.a. folosete n procesul de fabricaie lamele cu o grosime de 40 mm.

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    EC 5 Grinzi cu sectiune variabila

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    Moara de vant

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    EC6

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

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    Rosturi antiseismice

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    Centralizator Eurocoduri

    Aluminium structures

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    Aluminium structures

    Codes for the design of aluminium

    structures:

    1.CEN-TC250/SC9 (1998). Eurocode

    n. 9: Des ign of A lumin ium

    Stru ctu res , (pr ENV 1999-1.1; 1.2; 2).

    EUROCODE 9 (EC9)

    Proiectarea structurilor din aliaje de

    aluminiu

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    Aluminium structures

    Aluminium is a structural material utilised in industrial buildings,

    particularly for roof and wall claddingsand sometimes for structuralelements when aggressive environments are present.

    In case of structural designs where weight savings are important,aluminium is also often selected.

    Solution for roof structure

    www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html

    Aluminium structures

    http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
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    Aluminium structures

    Beams

    www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html

    Aluminium structures

    http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
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    Aluminium structures

    Trisystem Elements

    www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html

    http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
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    E t i t t hit t t di

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    Este important ca arhitect sa studiez

    Eurocodurile?

    Avnd informaiile din Eurocodul 1 se poateestima greutatea proprie (Incarcarile

    permanente G) a elementelor structuralefunciede densitatea materialului utilizat;

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    EXEMPLE: Ce greutate proprie are grinda dinlemn din imagine, stiind ca este Clasa C 35 cudensitatea k= 400kg/m

    3, lungimea L=3 metri,

    laimea B=10 cm inlimea seciunii H=15 cm

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    Unde aplic greutatile proprii?

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    Exemple: Incarcare zapada, din vant, actiuneatemperaturii

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    Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarile variabile

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    Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarile variabile

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    Aciuneavantului

    F t t l l i t l i f EC

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    Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC

    F t t l l i t l i f EC

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    Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC

    F t t l l i t l i f EC

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    Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC

    Obs. Pentru forme structurale mai complicate cu nlime maimare de 10 m se studiaz aciunea vntului pe modele la

    scara redusa n tunelul aerodinamic

    Este important ca arhitect sa studiez

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    Este important ca arhitect sa studiez

    Eurocodurile?

    Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarileexceptionale

    Exemple seism si incendiu sau explozii

    Este important ca arhitect sa studiez

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    Este important ca arhitect sa studiez

    Eurocodurile?

    tiind clasele de rezisten (Vezi Eurocod 2 iEurocod 5), lungimea necesar, se poate

    predimensiona sau dimensiona seciunea debeton sau seciunea de lemn a unui element

    de rezisten (de tip stlp, grind, planeu,

    perete);

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    Cum predimensionam?

    Profile din otel IPE 80-600 mm

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    Cum predimensionam?

    Grinzi cu zabrele din otel cu talpile paralele

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    Structur

    aDesign

    orArcitec

    ture

    ngusJ.Macdonald,A

    rchitectur

    alPress

    pag.3

    6