standarde in constructii
TRANSCRIPT
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Structuri SpecialeCurs 2Standarde n domeniul ingineriei civile
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Coninutul prezentrii
Noiuni introductive Ce sunt Eurocodurile?
Cum aplicam Eurocodurile? Concluzii
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Ce este un standard?
Un standard (din lb. englez: standard, lb.
francez: norme sau lb. german: norm) este un
document tehnicproiectat sfie folosit ca regul,
ghid sau definiie.
Din (DEX, 1998) Standard=norm sau ansamblu
de norme care reglementeaz calitatea,
caracteristicile, forma, etc a unui produs;
document n care sunt consemnate aceste norme.
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Avantajele utilizrii standardelor
Standardele sporesc sigurana produselor Standardele ncurajeazdezvoltarea economic Standardele permit productorilor s se conformeze cu legislaia
european Standardele promoveaz interoperabilitatea de produse i servicii Standardele faciliteaz adoptarea inovrii in pia Standardele ncurajeaz o concuren mai mare Standardele faciliteazschimburile comerciale prin diminuarea
barierelor comerciale Standardele sprijin durabilitatea mediului Standardele reflect rezultatele de cercetare i dezvoltare Standardele promoveaz o nelegere comun
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Membri reprezentani
pe naiuni
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Centralizator EurocoduriEN 1991 Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures
EN 1991-1-1 Densities, self-weight and imposed loads for buildings
1. general
2. requirements3. limit state
4. actions on structures and environmental influences
5. material properties
6. geometrical properties
7. modelling for structural analysis and resistance
8. design by testing and quality control
9. verification by the partial factor method
EN 1991-1-2 General actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire
EN 1991-1-3 General actions - Snow loads
EN 1991-1-4 General actions - Wind actions
EN 1991-1-5 General actions - Thermal actions
1. General
2. Classification of actions
3. Design situation
4. Representation of actions5. Temperature changes in buildings
6. Temperature changes in bridges
7. Temperature changes in industrial chimneys and pipelines
EN 1991-1-6 General actions - Actions during execution
EN 1991-1-7 Accidental actions due to impact and explosions
EN 1991-2 Traffic loads on bridges
EN 1991-3 Actions induced by cranes and machinery
EN 1991-4 Actions on silos and tanks
SR EN 1991-1-1-2004
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/SR%20EN%201991-1-1-2004.pdf -
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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EC 2 Rezemare gr. transv. pe stalpi din
b.a. la elemente prefabricate
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EC 2 Stalpi din b.a. (ce rol au etrierii?
Ce rol au barele longitudinale?)
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EC 2 Rolul armaturii longitudinale la
grinzile din beton armat
Inainte de fisurare
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EC 2 Grinzi din b.a. dispunere etrieri
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EC 2 Plansee din b.a. dispunere
armatura pe 2 directii
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EC2
Dispun
erepla
nsee
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Cadre metalice la o cladire de birouri
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Contravantuiri
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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EC 4 pl. hi.
composite column floor = beam + slabcomposite beam
composite slabplanseucompozit
conector
stalpcompozit
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EC 4 pl. hi.
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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EC 5Lucrarea executat la PrimriaSectorului 1 din Bucureti esteuna de referin n domeniulreabilitrii si extinderii cldirilorde patrimoniu. S-a dorit pe lngpstrarea formei i acoperiuluiiniial i obinerea unui "open
space" pentru amenajarea debirouri.
www.glulam.ro
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EC 5
LimeaGlulam s.a produce in mod curent grinzi cu urmatoarele limii:65 - 90 - 115 - 140 - 160 - 185 - 200 mm.
Pentru comenzi speciale se pot produce grinzi cu o lime de pn la 225 mm.Uneori proiectele care folosesc lemn lamelat ncleiat prevd limi mai mari dect celemaxime ce pot fi produse dintr-o singura laminare. Aceasta problema o putem rezolva
printr-o laminare dubl (lipirea a dou grinzi pe limea acestora) obinndu-se astfel limide pn la 400 mm. Procesul de producie este ns destul de complicat, necesitnd un tipspecial de adeziv i prin urmare cu cost mai ridicat.Grinzile cu limea de 65 mm se obin de regul prin spintecarea unei grinzi de 140 mm. nlimea
nlimea apare ca un multiplu de un numr exact de scnduri. Pentru producia grinzilorstandard Glulam s.a. folosete n procesul de fabricaie lamele cu o grosime de 40 mm.
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EC 5 Grinzi cu sectiune variabila
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Moara de vant
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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EC6
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
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Rosturi antiseismice
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Centralizator Eurocoduri
Aluminium structures
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Aluminium structures
Codes for the design of aluminium
structures:
1.CEN-TC250/SC9 (1998). Eurocode
n. 9: Des ign of A lumin ium
Stru ctu res , (pr ENV 1999-1.1; 1.2; 2).
EUROCODE 9 (EC9)
Proiectarea structurilor din aliaje de
aluminiu
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Aluminium structures
Aluminium is a structural material utilised in industrial buildings,
particularly for roof and wall claddingsand sometimes for structuralelements when aggressive environments are present.
In case of structural designs where weight savings are important,aluminium is also often selected.
Solution for roof structure
www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
Aluminium structures
http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html -
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Aluminium structures
Beams
www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
Aluminium structures
http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html -
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Aluminium structures
Trisystem Elements
www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
http://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.htmlhttp://www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html -
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E t i t t hit t t di
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Este important ca arhitect sa studiez
Eurocodurile?
Avnd informaiile din Eurocodul 1 se poateestima greutatea proprie (Incarcarile
permanente G) a elementelor structuralefunciede densitatea materialului utilizat;
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EXEMPLE: Ce greutate proprie are grinda dinlemn din imagine, stiind ca este Clasa C 35 cudensitatea k= 400kg/m
3, lungimea L=3 metri,
laimea B=10 cm inlimea seciunii H=15 cm
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Unde aplic greutatile proprii?
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Exemple: Incarcare zapada, din vant, actiuneatemperaturii
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Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarile variabile
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Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarile variabile
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Aciuneavantului
F t t l l i t l i f EC
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Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC
F t t l l i t l i f EC
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Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC
F t t l l i t l i f EC
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Forme structurale supuse la aciuneavntului conform EC
Obs. Pentru forme structurale mai complicate cu nlime maimare de 10 m se studiaz aciunea vntului pe modele la
scara redusa n tunelul aerodinamic
Este important ca arhitect sa studiez
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Este important ca arhitect sa studiez
Eurocodurile?
Posibilitatea calculului pentru incarcarileexceptionale
Exemple seism si incendiu sau explozii
Este important ca arhitect sa studiez
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Este important ca arhitect sa studiez
Eurocodurile?
tiind clasele de rezisten (Vezi Eurocod 2 iEurocod 5), lungimea necesar, se poate
predimensiona sau dimensiona seciunea debeton sau seciunea de lemn a unui element
de rezisten (de tip stlp, grind, planeu,
perete);
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Cum predimensionam?
Profile din otel IPE 80-600 mm
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Cum predimensionam?
Grinzi cu zabrele din otel cu talpile paralele
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Structur
aDesign
orArcitec
ture
ngusJ.Macdonald,A
rchitectur
alPress
pag.3
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