Roboti mobiliRoboti mobili

Versus EVVersus EVTendinte EVTendinte EV

AvantajeAvantaje

Concepte esentialeConcepte esentiale

New Beetle ElectricNew Beetle Electric

Sisteme Incorporate Sisteme Incorporate – Curs11– Curs11

Embedded Automotive – Embedded Automotive – 200x200x

Pretul miscariiPretul miscarii

Embedded Automotive 201xEmbedded Automotive 201x

De ce Electric VehicleDe ce Electric Vehicle

1.1. Epuizarea resurselor bazate pe petrolEpuizarea resurselor bazate pe petrol

2.2. PoluarePoluare

3.3. Costuri ridicateCosturi ridicate

4.4. Existenta rezultate stiintifice aplicabile Existenta rezultate stiintifice aplicabile pentru: pentru:

- - motoaremotoare cu randament mare cu randament mare - - bateriibaterii performante, performante,

- - sisteme alimentare/incarcare,sisteme alimentare/incarcare,

- - computerecomputere pentru obtinere regimuri, pentru obtinere regimuri, functionare stabile si eficiente.functionare stabile si eficiente.

Avantaje Avantaje • Emisii poluante chimiceEmisii poluante chimice - zero . Energia pentru - zero . Energia pentru

incarcare poate fi generata in tehnologie greenincarcare poate fi generata in tehnologie green

• Poluare fonica Poluare fonica - zero . Aproape nu se aud in - zero . Aproape nu se aud in mers. mers.

• Eficiente Eficiente - 85% din electricitatea consumata - 85% din electricitatea consumata poate fi convertita in miscare. Vehicolele clasice au poate fi convertita in miscare. Vehicolele clasice au randament de max. 15-20%.randament de max. 15-20%.

• Costuri deplasareCosturi deplasare - costul “combustibilului” este - costul “combustibilului” este

de 15% din cel al benzinei . Benzina se va de 15% din cel al benzinei . Benzina se va scumpi !scumpi !

• Independenta Independenta - electricitatea necesara incarcarii - electricitatea necesara incarcarii

bateriilor poate fi realizata acasa. bateriilor poate fi realizata acasa.

DezavantajeDezavantaje• Autonomie scazutaAutonomie scazuta - cu un “plin” se parcurge - cu un “plin” se parcurge

80-100 Km ( baterii LiIon) – nerocomandate 80-100 Km ( baterii LiIon) – nerocomandate pentru trasee lungi. ( Cu baterii recente – scumpe pentru trasee lungi. ( Cu baterii recente – scumpe insa- se pot parcurge aprox. 300-400km)insa- se pot parcurge aprox. 300-400km)

• Costuri mari Costuri mari pentru motor, controller si baterii. pentru motor, controller si baterii. Exp: motor 2-4000$, controller 1500$, baterii 1-30 000 $;Exp: motor 2-4000$, controller 1500$, baterii 1-30 000 $;

• Timpi mari alimentare –Timpi mari alimentare – 2-6 ore incarcare 2-6 ore incarcare baterii,baterii,

• In viitor - In viitor - scaderea preturilor pt. productia de masa , scaderea preturilor pt. productia de masa , - dezvoltarea reteleor de PECO electric- dezvoltarea reteleor de PECO electric

EXCELENT PENTRU URBAN VEHICLE!EXCELENT PENTRU URBAN VEHICLE!

Solutie : conversie clasic-Solutie : conversie clasic-electricelectric

New Beetle - electricNew Beetle - electric

Rezervorul de “combustibil”Rezervorul de “combustibil”

.

Componente principaleComponente principale

Alternative motor Alternative motor

AC AC Motor Siemens tip 1PV4133WS20 – Motor Siemens tip 1PV4133WS20 –

30KW30KW

AC - AlimentareAC - Alimentare

NetGain DC Motor NetGain DC Motor ModelModel WarP 9WarP 9 Large com bars securely attached to arbor to prevent lifing

Brushes pre-seated at over 90%

Heavy duty brush holders

Easy brush replacement Sealed steel high temp bearings 1 1/8" keyed drive shaft Insulation exceeds Class "H" ratings

Internal cooling fan 5,500 RPM

BLDC - http://www.adlee.comBLDC - http://www.adlee.com

e-Scooter Motor &Controllere-Scooter Motor &Controller

http://www.adlee.com/e-scooter.htm

1. 1. Li-Polymer batteryLi-Polymer battery. While still quite rare if scaled up to usable in EV size and . While still quite rare if scaled up to usable in EV size and up front expensive, at least it became available. Treated right, can be less up front expensive, at least it became available. Treated right, can be less expensive in a long run than lead acid batteries. Require sophisticated BMS expensive in a long run than lead acid batteries. Require sophisticated BMS (battery management system).(battery management system).

2. Li-Ion battery2. Li-Ion battery. Not as expensive and LiP battery above, but the next best thing. . Not as expensive and LiP battery above, but the next best thing. Technical requirements are the same as for LiP battery. Advantages (to me) are Technical requirements are the same as for LiP battery. Advantages (to me) are worth trying these. Require sophisticated BMS (battery management system).worth trying these. Require sophisticated BMS (battery management system).

3. NiNaCl3. NiNaCl Zebra battery. Expensive, looks like sold to OEM only, and limited Zebra battery. Expensive, looks like sold to OEM only, and limited selection (well matched to AC system requirements though).selection (well matched to AC system requirements though).

4. NiZn battery4. NiZn battery - relatively new player on the market - comparable to NiMH and - relatively new player on the market - comparable to NiMH and NiCd and (recently became) far less expensive.NiCd and (recently became) far less expensive.

5. NiMH battery5. NiMH battery. Not available for non-technical reasons and may never be . Not available for non-technical reasons and may never be available to you and to me.available to you and to me.

6. NiCd battery6. NiCd battery. Realistically available from SAFT (France) or its subdivision . Realistically available from SAFT (France) or its subdivision ALCAD (Sweden). Expensive up front, but cheap over its long life time.ALCAD (Sweden). Expensive up front, but cheap over its long life time.

7.  PbA Gel Cell battery7.  PbA Gel Cell battery - quite a few choices. - quite a few choices.

8. PbA AGM8. PbA AGM sealed deep cycle battery - quite a few choices sealed deep cycle battery - quite a few choices9. PbA9. PbA flooded battery - many choices. flooded battery - many choices.

Baterii posibileBaterii posibile

Controller/invertorController/invertor

The power inverter.Manufacturer - Siemens AGCost - $3,800 iAvailable from Metric Mind Engineering

The power AC inverter is the main part of the electrical system of the car, and its role is simple - to convert the battery energy to the form useable for the AC motor, and to deliver right amount of this energy per driver's demand. While it doesn't sound too complicated, to perform this task flawlessly the electronics gets quite complex, and it is especially true for AC drive systems. Functions:

- Convert (invert) the DC battery voltage to the 3 phase AC voltage;- Adjust AC voltage amplitude and frequency based on the drive current demand and instant conditions like RPM and torque- Provide regenerative braking turning the traction motor into a generator for recuperating kinetic energy back to the battery pack; so it has to convert generated 3 phase AC voltage back to DC before feeding the batteries,

http://www.evconvert.com/resourceshttp://www.evconvert.com/resources//

http://www.evconvert.com/resources/http://www.evconvert.com/resources/

http://www.e3car.eu/http://www.e3car.eu/

http://www.avere.orghttp://www.avere.org