reprezentarea resurselor în cloud computing

7/23/2019 Reprezentarea resurselor în cloud computing

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/reprezentarea-resurselor-in-cloud-computing 1/86

Ufg|eyxgs`se` ce \exs cgf Sgkgx"n`y`

L`hubs`se` ce K`sek`sghĈ x"g Gflnyk`sghĈ

Ceq`ys`kefsub ce Gflnyk`sghĈ

BUHY@YE CE CGXEYS@S"

GE

Hnnycnf`sny x "sggfs

"gffh?

Qynl& Cy& C`f` Qeshu

@ixnb|efs?

Àynf \gyjgfàx+S`y

Sgkgx"n`y`

9109



Ufg|eyxgs`se` ce \exs cgf Sgkgx"n`y`

L`hubs`se` ce K`sek`sghĈ x"g Gflnyk`sghĈ

Ceq`ys`kefsub ce Gflnyk`sghĈ

YEQYE_EFS@YE@ YEXUYXEBNY

ÆF HBNUC HNKQUSGFJ

Hnnycnf`sny x "sggfs

"gffh?

Qynl& Cy& C`f` Qeshu

@ixnb|efs?

Àynf \gyjgfàx+S`y

Sgkgx"n`y`

9109



@ixsy`hs

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj m`x ekeyjec gf yehefs we`yx `x ` fez hnkqus`sgnf`b knceb" zmghm ‘k`fw iebge|e ‘ m`x sme qnsefsg`b sn yexm`qe sme GS gfcuxsyw& Gs gx ye|nb|ec `ynufc smegce` nl qyn|gcgfj cg eyefs swqex nl hnkqusgfj yexnuyhex `x xey|ghex n|ey sme Gfseyfes&Smeye `ye huyyefsbw smyee k`gf iuxgfexx kncebx gf hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Sme Xnlsz`ye`x ` Xey|ghe -X``X' knceb n eyx xnlsz`ye `qqbgh`sgnfx sn sme efc uxeyx& Qb`slnyk`x ` Xey|ghe -Q``X' qyn|gceyx n ey `f ef|gynfkefs lny ce|ebnqgfj `qqbgh`sgnfx lnyX``X" smux s`yjesgfj ce|ebnqeyx& Lgf`bbw" smeye gx Gfly`xsyuhsuye `x ` Xey|ghe -G``X'"zmghm qyn|gcex lufc`kefs`b hnkqusgfj yexnuyhex xuhm `x qynhexxgfj qnzey" keknyw`fc xsny`je&

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj gx fns fehexx`ygbw ` fn|ebsw gf sehmfnbnjgh`b seykx" ius y`smey `

fez nqey`sgnf`b knceb zmghm iygfjx snjesmey xe|ey`b e}gxsgfj hnfheqsx `fc sehmfn+bnjgex& Hbnuc qyn|gceyx yebw nf |gysu`bg`sgnf" yexnuyhe qnnbgfj `fc kubsg+sef`fhw snn ey mgjmbw xh`bìbe eb`xsgh xey|ghex sn smegy huxsnkeyx& Cue sn gsx e}gibe nf+cek`fc`fc q`w+qey+uxe xey|ghe knceb" hbnuc hnkqusgfj m`x qyn|ec `f `ssy`hsg|e xnbusgnflny k`fw uxe h`xex& Nsmey iefeffsx nl yebwgfj nf hbnuc xey|ghex gfxse`c nl gf+mnuxehnkqusgfj gfly`xsyuhsuye gfhbuce hnxs ehgefhw `fc ùsnfnknux xebl+xey|ghe&

Nf sme nsmey m`fc" hbnuc hnkqusgfj gx xsgbb gf gsx gfl`fhw" smeyelnye gs `bxn qye+xefsx xe|ey`b hm`bbefjex `fc ygxdx& Nfe nl xuhm hm`bbefjex gx sme qynibek nl gfse+ynqeyìgbgsw& Knxs huyyefs hbnuc n eygfjx uxe cg eyefs @QGx `fc qynsnhnbx" zmghmyefceyx hnbbìny`sgnf `fc c`s` kgjy`sgnf cghubs" smux be`cgfj sn ufcexgyec |efcnybnhd+gf& Xs`fc`ycg`sgnf yeqyexefsx `f ehgefs z`w sn efxuye gfseynqeyìgbgsw `fc

gx huyyefsbw `f gkqnys`fs lnhux nl hbnuc+yeb`sec yexe`yhm&Gf smgx smexgx ze qyexefs `f n|ey|gez nl hbnuc hnkqusgfj" lnbbnzec iw `f `f`bwxgx

nl hbnuc yexnuyhex& Ze xsucw sme yexnuyhex sm`s h`f ie qyn|gxgnfec smynujm sme hbnuchnkqusgfj xey|ghe knceb `fc qyexefs sme |gysu`b gfly`xsyuhsuye hbnuc qyn|gceyx yebwnf& Ze smef qyexefs cg eyefs kncebx lny yexnuyhe yeqyexefs`sgnf `fc k`f`jekefs"zgsm xqehg`b yej`yc sn sme knxs gkqnys`fs xs`fc`ycx ce|ebnqec gf yehefs we`yx&

Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s -N\L' cexhygiex ` xs`fc`yc xnbusgnf lny q`hd`jgfj`fc cgxsygiusgfj `yigsy`ygbw hnkqbe} |gysu`b `qqbg`fhex& Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefsGfseyl`he -HCKG' gx gfsefcec lny `qqbgh`sgnf ce|ebnqeyx zmn `ye gkqbekefsgfj nyuxgfj hbnuc xsny`je& Gs cnhukefsx mnz sn `hhexx hbnuc xsny`je `fc k`fgqub`se

sme c`s` xsnyec smeyegf& Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he -NHHG' gx `f e}sefxgibeqynsnhnb `fc @QG ce|ebnqec lny hbnuc k`f`jekefs s`xdx" gfgsg`bbw s`yjesgfj G``Xhbnucx&

Ze xsucw sme qynibek nl gfsejy`sgfj smexe xs`fc`ycx gfsn ` xgfjbe nqef hbnuc `y+hmgsehsuye& B`xs" ze qyexefs sme xnlsz`ye `qqbgh`sgnf ce|ebnqec gf yeb`sgnf zgsm smgxsmexgx& Sme `qqbgh`sgnf hnfxgxsx nl `f N\L bgiy yw f`kec N|lBgi `fc ` |gxu`b ecgsnylny |gysu`b `qqbg`fhex" efsgsbec N|lEcgsny& N|lBgi xuqqnysx sme N\L xqehgffh`sgnf|eyxgnf 0&0" hnflnyk`fhe be|eb 0" `fc n eyx kesmncx lny ye`cgfj" k`fgqub`sgfj `fczygsgfj `f N\L cexhygqsny& N|lEcgsny gx ` Zgfcnzx `qqbgh`sgnf iugbs nf snq nl N|lBgi" zmghm `gkx sn n ey ` uxey+lygefcbw xnbusgnf lny hye`sgfj `fc ecgsgfj xgkqbe

|gysu`b `qqbg`fhex gf sme N\L lnyk`s&



Huqygfx

0 Gfsyncuheye 80&0 Nigehsg|e & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 80&9 Knsg|`s

"ge & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 3

0&8 Xsyuhsuy` buhyygg & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 3

9 Hbnuc hnkqusgfj <9&0 Cefffgs

"ge & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <

9&9 Seykgfnbnjge & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <9&8 H`y`hseygxsghg & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & :9&3 @|`fsòe x

"g ygxhuyg & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & :

9&5 Hnfheqse æfyucgse & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 79&< @ymgsehsuy jefey`b & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 019&: Hb`xgffh`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 00

9&:&0 Kncebe ce iuxgfexx & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 009&:&9 Kncebe ce cexl x

"uy`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 03

8 Yexuyxebe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj 0<8&0 \gysu`bg`ye` yexuyxebny & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 0<

8&0&0 K`x"gfg |gysu`be & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 0:

8&0&9 @q`y se |gysu be & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 0=8&0&8 Jexsgnf`ye` gfly`xsyuhsuygg |gysu`be & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 07

8&9 Xs`fc`ycg ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 078&9&0 Xs`fc`yce ce gfseynqeyìgbgs`se & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 078&9&9 Xs`fc`yce ce qnysìgbgs`se & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 918&9&8 Xs`fc`yce ce xehuygs`se & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 90

3 Kncebe ce yeqyeefs`ye `be yexuyxebny 993&0 Xs`fc`ycub Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s

-N\L' & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 993&0&0 Qyeefs`ye jefey`b & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 983&0&9 Q`hmese N\L & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 933&0&8 Cexhygqsnyub N\L & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 9<3&0&3 E}sefxgigbgs`se & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 973&0&5 Xs`sux & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 973&0&< Cgyehs

"gg ce ce|nbs`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 97

3&9 Xs`fc`ycub Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefs Gfseyl`he -HCKG' & & & & & & & & 81

3&9&0 Qyeefs`ye jefey`b & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 81

0



3&9&9 Nigehse & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 803&9&8 Nqey`s

"gg & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 83

3&9&3 Xs`sux & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 8=3&8 Xs`fc`ycub Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he -NHHG' & & & & & & & & & 87

3&8&0 Qyeefs`ye jefey`b & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 873&8&9 NHHG Hnye Knceb & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 313&8&8 NHHG MSSQ Yefceygfj & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 353&8&3 NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 583&8&5 Xs`sux & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 5=

3&3 Gfsejy`ye` xs`fc`ycebny & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 5=3&3&0 Gfsejy`ye qefsyu uf @QG ufgs`y & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 5=3&3&9 Gfsejy`ye qefsyu xgjuy`ye` qnys`igbgss

"gg & & & & & & & & & & & & 5=

3&5 Kncebe fexs`fc`ycg`se & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 57

5 @qbgh`s"

ge <35&0 N|lBgi & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <35&0&0 Ces bgg ce gkqbekefs`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <5

5&9 N|lEcgsny & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <:5&9&0 Jmgc ce usgbg`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & <=5&9&9 Ces bgg ce gkqbekefs`ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & :15&9&8 E}ekqbu ce yub ye & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & :0

@ E}ekqbe :3

9



H`qgsnbub 0

Gfsyncuheye

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj -bgsey`b ‖h`bhub æf fny‛' exse n fnu q`y`cgjk hnkqus`s"gnf`b

hefsy`s æf ouyub luyfgygg ufug `fx`kibu ce xey|ghgg ce h`bhub qygf Gfseyfes& X+ùce|nbs`s k`g kubse kncebe ce iuxgfexx i``se qe `hexs hnfheqs" ffeh`ye nygefs`sxqye luyfg`ye` ufug sgq ce xey|ghgu cgleygs& Luyfgnygg sgqghg ce xey|ghgg hbnuc hnkqu+sgfj quf b` cgxqngs

"g` hnfxuk`snygbny `qbgh`s

"gg xnlsz`ye" qb`slnyke ce qynjy`k`ye"

gfly`xsyuhsuy hnkqus`s"gnf`b" xq`s

"gu ce xsnh`ye" yexuyxe m`ycz`ye" esh&

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj fu yeqyegfs fe`qy`s n fnus`se cgf qufhs ce |eceye semfn+bnjgh" hg k`g cejyì n yenyj`fg`ye ` k`g kubsny semfnbnjgg ceo` e}gxsefse æfsy+uffnu knceb nqey`s

"gnf`b& @hexs` qn`se ff qyg|gs h` uyksnyub q`x f`suy`b æf e|nbus

"g`

xey|ghggbny gflnyk`sghe cgxsygiugse" hnfxsyugs qe lufc`s"ggbe knx

"sefgse ce b` q`y`cgjke

æfyucgse" qyehuk h`bhubub jygc x"g h`bhubub nygefs`s qe xey|ghgg & Æf hee` he qyg|ex

"se

b`suy` semfnbnjgh" hebe k`g gkqnys`fse hnfheqse æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj xufs |gysu`bg+

`ye` x" g jyuq`ye` yexuyxebny æfsy+uf lnfc hnkuf" yexqehsg| hnfe}gufe` qeyk`fefsb` yes

"e`" exefs

"g`b qefsyu `xgjuy`ye` hnfsgfugss

"gg xey|ghgubug&

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj nley uf knc hnf|efìgb ce usgbg`ye ` qyncuxebny xnlsz`yexù ` yexuyxebny hnkqus`s

"gnf`be" b` heyeye x

"g ce b` cgxs`fs

"" qefsyu usgbg`snygg h`ye

fu cnyexh x æx"g `xuke hnxsuygbe æfsyes

"gfeygg bnh`be `be `hexsny yexuyxe& C`snygs

kncebubug e}gigb ce s`}`ye æf lufhs"ge ce usgbg`ye -h`ye xs b` i`` hnfheqsub ce

h`bhub usgbgs`y ' hbnuc hnkqusgfj xe qyegfs h` n xnbus"ge `sy`hsg| qefsyu uf xqehsyu

b`yj ce qynibeke gflnyk`sghe& @xsleb æf qyeefs `xgxsk b` n `cnqs`ye y`qgc ` `hexsegq`y`cgjke ce hsye gfcuxsyg` semfnbnjgeg gflnyk`s

"geg x

"g gkqbghgs uf gfseyex cgf he æf he

k`g qynfufs"`s cgf q`yse` hnkufgss

"gg x

"sggfs

"gffhe& GIK" Kghynxnls" Jnnjbe" @k`nf

x"

g `bse hnkq`fgg gkqnys`fse cgf cnkefgub gflnyk`sghgg hùs x ce|gf luyfgnyg cexey|ghgg hbnuc" xhmgkiéfc `xsleb æf knc cefffgsg| kncub æf h`ye usgbgk yexuyxebe ceh`bhub&

0&0 Nigehsg|e

Qygfhgq`bebe nigehsg|e `be `hexseg buhyyg ce cgxeys`s"ge xufs efukey`se k`g onx æf

nycgfe` bnjgh ` ye`bgygg bny?

0& qyeefs`ye` jefey`b ` q`y`cgjkeg hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Xe |ny `|e` æf |eceye

`xqehse qyehuk hnfheqsebe x" g semfnbnjggbe hmege" s`}nfnkg`" qygfhgqggbe `ymgseh+

8



suy`be" `|`fsòebe l`s" ce xnbus

"ggbe sy`cgs

"gnf`be" yexqehsg| ygxhuygbe x

"g qynibekebe

feyenb|`se4

9& `f`bg` sgquygbny ce yexuyxe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj x"g cexhygeye` kncebebny ce yeqye+

efs`ye x"

g jexsgnf`ye `be yexuyxebny& Fe |nk yeleyg æf qygkub yéfc b` kncebebeqynquxe æf xs`fc`yce cexhmgxe" qyehuk Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s -N\L'"Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he -NHHG' x

"g Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefs Gfsey+

l`he -HCKG'4

8& gkqbekefs`ye` ufug ecgsny |gu`b h`ye x ` nleye uf knc xgkqbu x"g gfsugsg|

qefsyu cexhygeye` yexuyxebny æfsy+uf lnyk`s xs`fc`yc& Æf q`ysghub`y" `qbgh`s"g`

|` qeykgse hye`ye` x"g kncgffh`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be æf lnyk`sub N\L&

0&9 Knsg|`s" ge

Cex"g hnfheqsub ce i` c`se` æfh cgf 07<0" héfc Onmf KhH`ysmw ` qyeef+

s`s |ggufe` ufug |ggsny æf h`ye quseye` ce h`bhub `y quse` ff luyfg`s xui lnyk cexey|ghgu T0[" hbnuc hnkqusgfj exse uf knceb nqey`s

"gnf`b yeb`sg| séfy& Qygkebe gk+

qbekefsyg x"g luyfgnyg ce xey|ghgg ù `qyus æf qeygn`c` 911<+911:& Æf hnfxehgfs

""

æf knkefsub yec`hsygg `hexseg buhyyg hbnuc hnkqusgfj xe ` æfsy+uf xs`cgu yeb`+sg| gfhgqgefs" hu k`g kubse qynibeke cexhmgxe h`ye |ny syeiug `cyex`se æf |ggsnyub`qynqyg`s& Cnu cgfsye qygfhgq`bebe `xsleb ce qynibeke xufs qnysìgbgs`se` x

"g gfse+

ynqeyìgbgs`se`& Cexenyg luyfgnygg ce xey|ghgg hbnuc usgbge` @QG+uyg" qynsnhn`be x"g

lnyk`se qynqygg" æfjyeuféfc `xsleb hnbìny`ye` æfsye xey|ghgg x"g kgjy`ye` c`sebny ce

b` uf xey|ghgu b` `bsub& Lefnkefub ce ceqefcgfs" b` h`ye xe òufje `xsleb xe fukex

"se

|efcny bnhd+gf &Xs`fc`ycg`ye` yeqyeefsygg yexuyxebny x

"g ` keh`fgxkebny ce gfsey`hs

"gufe nley n

xnbus"ge effhgefs qefsyu qynibek` qnysìgbgss

"gg x

"g ` gfseynqeyìgbgss

"gg& Æf hnfxehgfs

""

æf ubsgkgg `fg x+` cequx uf elnys hnfxgceyìgb æf `hexs xefx" buéfc f`x"seye k`g kubse

xs`fc`yce cexhmgxe& Hnfxgceyk h xs`fc`ycg ye` |` ouh` uf ynb gkqnys`fs æf k`su+yg`ye` hbnuc hnkqusgfj+ubug" gfcgleyefs ce cgyehs

"g` æf h`ye `hexs` |` e|nbu` æf |ggsny&

@xsleb" n iuf æfs"ebejeye ce hsye ce|nbs`snyg ` sgquygbny ce yexuyxe cgf kecgub hbnuc

x"g ` xs`fc`ycebny yebe|`fse |` ff gfcgxqefxìgb qefsyu ye`bg`ye` ufny xnbus

"gg hbnuc

gfseynqeyìgbe x"g effhgefse&

0&8 Xsyuhsuy` buhyygg

Æf h`qgsnbub 9 xe uykyex"se n qyeefs`ye jefey`b ` hnfheqsubug hbnuc hnkqusgfj&

Cuq n xhuys gfsyncuheye æf h`ye xe nley n cefffgs"ge x

"g xe cexhygu h`y`hseygxsghe

`hexseg q`y`cgjke" æf xehs"gufe` 9&< xe qyegfs `ymgsehsuy` jefey`b ` ufug hbnuc&

Xehs"gufe` 9&: nley n hb`xgffh`ye xgxsekebny ce hbnuc hnkqusgfj æf lufhs

"ge ce kncebub

ce iuxgfexx x"g kncebub ce cexl x

"uy`ye&

H`qgsnbub 8 qyegfs yexuyxebe cgf hbnuc hnkqusgfj& \gysu`bg`ye` yexuyxebny"uf hnfheqs exefs

"g`b æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj exse sy`s`s æf xehs

"gufe` 8&0& Æf fff`b xe

xsucg`

qynibek` gfseynqeyìgbgs

s"

gg æfsye xey|ghgg x"

g xe qyegfs

qynjyexebe ye`bg`se æf qynhexub ce xs`fc`ycg ye&

3



H`qgsnbub uyksny cexhyge k`g kubse kncebe ce yeqyeefs`ye `be yexuyxebny æfhbnuc hnkqusgfj" yeleygfcu+xe æf knc xqehg`b b` qygfhgq`bebe xs`fc`yce ce|nbs`seyehefs& @hexs h`qgsnb yeqyegfs he` k`g `kqb q`yse ` buhyygg& Xehs

"gufe` 3&0 qye+

gfs xs`fc`ycub N\L" uyk`s ce xehs"gufgbe h`ye cexhygu xs`fc`ycebe HCKG x

"g NHHG&

Æf 3&3 xe `f`bge` kncub æf h`ye hebe syeg xs`fc`yce qns ff gfsejy`se æfsy+n `ymgseh+suy hbnuc gfseynqey`igb&

H`qgsnbub 5 qyegfs `qbgh`s"g` xnlsz`ye ye`bg`s æf h`cyub `hexseg buhyygg& Hnfsyg+

ius"g` `qbgh`sg| hnfxs cgf cnu hnkqnfefse cgxsgfhse& N|lBgi exse n igibgnseh ce

hb`xe h`ye qeykgse k`fgqub`ye` ufug q`hmes N\L& N|lEcgsny exse n `qbgh`s"ge jy`ffh

qefsyu Zgfcnzx h`ye nley uf knc xgkqbu x"g gfsugsg| qefsyu hye`ye` x

"g kncgffh`ye`

`q`y`sebny |gysu`be æf lnyk`s N\L&

5



H`qgsnbub 9

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj

9&0 Cefffgs" ge

Æf knkefsub ce l`s" fu e}gxs n xgfjuy cefffgs

"ge ufg|eyx`b `hheqs`s qefsyu

hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Æfheqéfc cgf 911<" héfc cgyehsnyub jefey`b `b hnkq`fgeg Jnnjbe` usgbg`s seykefub qefsyu ` cexhyge kncebub ce iuxgfexx i``s qe luyfg`ye` xey|g+hggbny qygf Gfseyfes" hbnuc hnkqusgfj ` lnxs lnbnxgs æf qygkub yéfc h` uf seykef cek`ydesgfj n`yehuk `kigjuu& Qefsyu ` `kebgny` hnflug` hye`s `xsleb" æf ubsgkgg `fgx+` cequx uf elnys hnfxgceyìgb qefsyu xs`fc`ycg`ye` cefffgs

"geg" ffgfc qynquxe ehg ce

cefffgs"gg lnyk`be `sés cgf q`yse` gfcuxsygeg hés x

"g cgf q`yse` hnkufgss

"gg x

"sggfs

"gffhe T9[&

Æf `he`xs buhy`ye `cnqsk cefffgs"g` qynqux ce F`sgnf`b Gfxsgsuse nl Xs`fc`ycx `fc

Sehmfnbnjw -FGXS'" `hexs` ffgfc hnfxgcey`s he` k`g hnkqbes ce hsye k`g kubse

yexuyxe igibgnjy`ffhe hnfxubs`se T0[ T3[&Cefffgs

"g` 0 Hbnuc hnkqusgfj exse uf knceb ce qb`s æf lufhs

"ge ce usgbg`ye h`ye

qeykgse `hhexub qe i` ce yes "e`" b` heyeye x

"g æf knc hnf|efìgb b` uf lnfc ce yexuyxe

ce h`bhub hnfffjuy igbe -e}& yes "ebe" xey|eye" xsnh`ye" `qbgh s

"gg" xey|ghgg' h`ye qns ff

nleygse y`qgc x "g hu uf elnys ce `ckgfgxsy`ye kgfgk`b" yexqehsg| gfsey`hs

"gufe kgfgk`b

hu luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgu& T 01 [

9&9 Seykgfnbnjge

Esgknbnjg` seykefubug hbnuc hnkqusgfj qnyfex"se ce b` n yeqyeefs`ye kes`lnygh` Gfseyfesubug" xui lnyk ce fny xsgbg s& @hexs yeqyeefs`ye xe lnbnxex"se cexenyg

æf cg`jy`kebe ce yes"e` `sufhg héfc Gfseyfesub xe qyegfs h` n efsgs`se ce xgfe xs+

ssn`ye" g`y ces`bggbe `ymgsehsuy be qns ff gjfny`se& Æf seykgfnbnjg` ynkéfe`xh fue}gxs æfh uf fuke æfhess

"efgs qefsyu hbnuc hnkqusgfj" `xsleb æf h`cyub `hexseg

buhyyg |nk usgbg` æf knc e}hbuxg| cefukgye` efjbee`xh&Cexenyg xe usgbge` seykefub hbnuc qefsyu ` xe yeleyg b` uf `fx`kibu ce xey|ghgg

ce sgq hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Æf seykgfnbnjg efjbee`xh hu|éfsub hbnuc xe æfsébfex"se

x"g xui lnyk ce `coehsg| æf e}qyexgg qyehuk hbnuc qyn|gcey " hbnuc huxsnkey " hbnuc

xey|ghe xù hbnuc k`f`jekefs & Æf `hexse xgfs`jke `sygiusub hbnuc qyehge` l`qsub

h

xuigehsub syeiuge æfs"

ebex æf hnfse}sub kncebubug hbnuc hnkqusgfj&

<



E}qyexg` æf hbnuc xe lnbnxex"se ufenyg qefsyu ` xuibgfg` l`qsub h uf `fukgs xey|g+

hgu xe luyfge` cuq kncebub hbnuc hnkqusgfj&Uf e}ekqbu cex æfsébfgs exse xsnh`ye æf hbnuc " h`ye xe yeley b` cg|eyxe xey|ghgg ce xsnh`ye ` c`sebny `hhexgigbe qygf Gfseyfes&Cgf he æf he k`g cex `q`ye æf se}sebe ynkéfex

"sg x

"g lnyk` ehmg|`befs æf fny " gbuxsyéfc

uf elnys ce ce|nbs`ye ` ufeg seykgfnbnjgg ynkéfex"sg&

9&8 H`y`hseygxsghg

Cefffgs"g` 0 huqygfce sn`se `xqehsebe exefs

"g`be `be hbnuc hnkqusgfj+ubug" cuq huk

uyke`?

`hhexub qeyk`fefs b` xey|ghgg qygf yes"e`? xey|ghggbe xufs nleygse qygf Gfseyfes x

"g

`hhexgigbe qygf keh`fgxke xs`fc`yc ufug xqehsyu b`yj x"g eseynjef ce hbgefs

"g" ce

e}ekqbu sebeln`fe knigbe" sìbese" h`bhub`sn`ye qnysìgbe xù xs`s"gg ce buhyu4

xey|ghgub luyfg`s æf lufhs"ge ce heyeye? uf hnfxuk`sny xe qn`se `qyn|ggnf` ufg+

b`sey`b hu yexuyxe ce h`bhub æf lufhs"ge ce fehexgss

"g" l y ` ff fe|nge ce gfsey`hs

"gufe

qeyxnf`b hu luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg4

qufeye` æf hnkuf ` yexuyxebny -yexnuyhe qnnbgfj'? yexuyxebe ce h`bhub be luy+fgnyubug ce xey|ghgg xufs quxe æf hnkuf qefsyu ` xey|g k`g kubs

"g hnfxuk`snyg

cuq uf knceb kubsg+sef`fs & Yexuyxebe ffghe x"g |gysu`be xufs `xgjf`se x

"g ye`+

xgjf`se cgf`kgh æf lufhs"ge ce heyeye& Æf jefey`b `hexs qynhex exse sy`fxq`yefs

cgf qufhsub ce |eceye `b hnfxuk`snyubug" `hexs` feffgfc hnfx"sgefs ce bnh`s

"g`

e}`hs ` yexuyxebny hnfxuk`se x"g fe`|éfc hnfsynb `xuqy` `hexseg`4

e}gigbgs`se` x"g xh`bìgbgs`se` xey|ghgubug? yexuyxebe qns ff bu`se æf lnbnxgfs

" x

"g

ebgiey`se æf knc e}gigb" `c`qséfcu+xe b` fehexgss"gbe hbgefsubug& Cgf qufhsub

ce |eceye `b hnfxuk`snyubug yexuyxebe cgxqnfgigbe cexenyg `q`y febgkgs`se x"g qns

ff bu`se æf lnbnxgfs" nyghéfc x

"g æf nyghe h`fsgs`se4

hnfsnyg`ye` yexuyxebny usgbg`se x"g s`}`ye` æf lufhs

"ge ce usgbg`ye? xgxseke+

be hbnuc hnfsynbe` x"g æfhe`yh x nqsgkgee usgbg`ye` yexuyxebny qygfsy+uf

keh`fgxk ce hnfsnyg`ye gkqbekefs`s b` uf fg|eb ce ìxsy`hsg`ye `ceh|`s sg+qubug ce xey|ghgu& Knfgsnyg`ye` usgbgygg yexuyxebny nley sy`fxq`yefs

" `sés

qefsyu hnfxuk`sny" hés x"g qefsyu luyfgny& E}gxs" ce `xekefe`" x

"g n gkqbgh`s

"ge

fff`fhg`y gkqnys`fs" cen`yehe hbgefs"gg xufs æf jefey`b s`}`s

"g qefsyu xey|ghggbe

hnfxuk`se æf lufhs"ge ce yexuyxebe usgbg`se&

9&3 @|`fsòe x" g ygxhuyg

Cgf h`y`hseygxsghgbe cexhygxe k`g xux yeubs hése|` iefeffhgg gkqnys`fse `be kn+cebubug hbnuc hnkqusgfj" `sés cgf qufhsub ce |eceye `b hbgefs

"gbny" hés x

"g qefsyu luyfg+

nygg ce xey|ghgg& Æf hnfsgfu`ye xufs qyeefs`se qygfhgq`bebe `|`fsòe l`s" ce kncebub

sy`cgs"gnf`b" æf h`ye gfly`xsyuhsuy` ce h`bhub x

"g yexuyxebe xnlsz`ye xe jexsgnfe` gf+

mnuxe?

:



xh`bìgbgs`se x"g e}gigbgs`se? xey|ghggbe nleygse xe qns `c`qs` hu ux

"uygfs

" b` fe|ngbe

cgleygs"gbny hbgefs

"g qygf `bnh`ye` yexuyxebny æf lufhs

"ge ce heyeye4

usgbg`ye effhgefs ` yexuyxebny? æf xsyéfx bejsuy hu xh`bìgbgs`se` x"g e}gigbg+

s`se` qyeefs`s `fseygny" hbnuc hnkqusgfj qeykgse n usgbg`ye effhgefs ` ye+xuyxebny& Æf `sgfjeye` `hexsug xhnq on`h uf ynb exefs"g`b |gysu`bg`ye` yexuyxebny

x"g `ymgsehsuy` kubsg+sef`fs4

hnxsuyg yecuxe? hnfsnyg`ye` xey|ghgubug x"g kncebub ce qb`s æf lufhs

"ge ce usgbg`ye

qeykgse hbgefs"gbny x æx

"g effhgefsgee hmebsugebgbe4

`hhex ux"ny x

"g qeyk`fefs b` xey|ghgg? æf jefey`b hbgefs

"gg ufug hbnuc quibgh qns `h+

hex` xey|ghggbe ce nygufce x"g nyghéfc qygf gfseykecgub Gfseyfesubug" gfcgleyefs

ce bnh`s"g` jenjy`ffh x

"g luxub ny`y& Fnsk h qns e}gxs` snsux

"g e}heqs

"gg ce b`

`he`xs yejub" ce nigheg cgf knsg|e ouygcghe&

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj qyegfs æfx x"g hése|` ygxhuyg x

"g qynibeke cexhmgxe h`ye fu xufs

æfh yenb|`se æf knc x`sgxl hsny" cuq huk uyke`?

hnfffcefs"g`bgs`se x

"g xehuygs`se? kncebub ce xsnh`ye ` c`sebny b` cgxs`fs

"" h`y`hse+

ygxsgh qefsyu hbnuc hnkqusgfj" ygcgh qynibeke ce xehuygs`se x"g hnfffcefs

"g`bgs`se

` c`sebny& C`sebe sy`fxley se qygf Gfseyfes xufs |ubfeyìgbe l`s" ce `s`huygbe

k`bgs"gn`xe cgf e}seygny x

"g e}gxs ygxhub h` c`se xefxgigbe x òufj æf kégfg

feùsnyg`se& Ebekefsub ce æfhyeceye æfsye hbgefs x"g luyfgny ce|gfe uf l`hsny

gkqnys`fs æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj4

xsìgbgs`se` x" g hnfsgfugs`se` xey|ghgubug? e}gxs k`g kubs" g l`hsnyg h`ye qns gfu+efs

"` æf knc fej sg| hnfsgfugs`se` xey|ghgubug" huk `y ff? celehse m`ycz`ye"

qynibeke ce hnfehsg|gs`se b` Gfseyfes" qefe ce huyefs" iuj+uyg æf xgxsek" `s`huygk`bgs

"gn`xe" esh& Ce e}ekqbu" æf fngekiyge 911: xey|ghgub Y`hdXq`he ` ce|efgs

gf`hhexgigb qefsyu 8 nye cgf hù` ufug xhuyshgyhugs b` hefsyub ce c`se& Æf gufge911= Jnnjbe @qq Efjgfe ` syehus qygf < nye ce gf`hsg|gs`se cgf qyghgf` ufnyiuj+uyg cgf xgxsekub ce xsnh`ye" g`y æf k`ysge 9117 qb`slnyk` Kghynxnls @uye` ce|efgs gfusgbgìgb qefsyu `qyn`qe n g æfsye`j cgf hù` ufeg eynyg cgfxgxsekubug ce nqey`ye T7[& Hmg y x

"g n qeygn`c xhuys ce gf`hsg|gs`se qn`se

hnfcuhe b` qgeyceyg k`seyg`be xekfgffh`sg|e" `xsleb xsìgbgs`se` xey|ghgubug exse

n qynibek

hmege æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Seykefgg qefsyu h`bgs`se` xey|ghgubugxufs lnyk`bg`se æf `hnycub `xuqy` fg|ebubug ce h`bgs`se ` xey|ghggbny -XB@'&

Ce `xekefe`" e}gxs ygxhub h` luyfgnyub x cehgc xuxqefc`ye` xey|ghggbny fe+yefsìgbe cgf qufhs ce |eceye fff`fhg`y" xù æfxux

"g luyfgnyub x æfhesee x

e}gxse4

kgjy`ye` xey|ghgubug? æf knkefsub ce l`s" qynibek` qnysìgbgss

"gg fu exse æfh

yenb|`s" hee` he æfjyeufe` kgjy`ye` c`sebny ce b` uf luyfgny ce xey|ghgg b``bsub& @xsleb e}gxs ygxhub h` usgbg`snyub x òufj æfsy+n xgsu`s

"ge fel`|nyìgb

ce ceqefcgfs" l`s

" ce uf `fukgs luyfgny" æfhés hnxsuygbe kgjyygg b` uf luyfgny

cgleygs xufs qye` k`yg& @hexs lefnkef exse hufnxhus xui cefukgye` ce |efcny bnhd+gf &

=



9&5 Hnfheqse æfyucgse

H`bhub nygefs`s qe xey|ghgg -xey|ghe+nygefsec hnkqusgfj ‘ XNH'

Gfsyncuhe uf sgq ce `ymgsehsuy xnlsz`ye h`ye qyexuqufe gkqbekefs`ye` lufhs" gnf`+bgss

"gg xui lnyk ce xey|ghgg& Xey|ghggbe xufs ufgss

"g lufhs

"gnf`be gfceqefcefse h`ye

qns ff cgxsygiugse qygf yes"e` x

"g usgbg`se ækqyeuf qefsyu `sgfjeye` ufug `fukgs xhnq&

XNH xe iè` qe qygfhgqgg qyehuk kncub`ygs`se`" yeusgbg`ye` hnkqnfefsebny x"g

gfseynqeyìgbgs`se`&Hbnuc hnkqusgfj gfsejye` n q`yse xekfgffh`sg| cgf ffbnxnff` x

"g cgf kesncnbnjg`

h`bhubug nygefs`s qe xey|ghgg&

H`bhub jygc -jygc hnkqusgfj'

Exse uf knceb ce h`bhub cgxsygiugs h`ye qeykgse usgbg`ye` hnnycnf`s ` yexuyxebnyhnkqus`s" gnf be eseynjefe cgxsygiugse jenjy`ffh& Æfsy+uf jygc quseye` ce h`bhub exseqyncux h` usgbgs`se& Ce|nbs`ye` h`bhubug jygc ` lnxs gfgs

"g`b knsg|`s ce `qbgh`s

"gg

x"sggfs

"gffhe h`ye xufs ce nigheg xnbghgs`fse cgf qufhs ce |eceye hnkqus`s

"gnf`b&

@sés h`bhubub jygc" hés x"g hbnuc hnkqusgfj gkqbekefse` uf keh`fgxk ce |gy+

su`bg`ye ` yexuyxebny& Cgleyefs"ebe cgfsye hebe cnu kncebe xufs æfx xekfgffh`sg|e?

• h`bhubub jygc qufe `hhefs qe q`ysò`ye` yexuyxebny k`g kubsny nyj`fg`s"gg" æf

sgkq he n gfly`xsyuhsuy hbnuc exse ce nigheg æfsyes"gfus ce n xgfjuy nyj`fg`s

"ge"

luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg4

•

jygc+ub æfhe`yh

x

k`}gkgee h`q`hgs`se` ce h`bhub qefsyu elehsu`ye` ufugxgfjuy s`xd gkefx& Æf xhmgki" uf hbnuc æfhe`yh x nleye yexuyxe nqsgk`beqefsyu hés k`g kubse s`xd+uyg kghg x

"g kgobnhgg qnxgigbe" qefsyu ` xey|g `xsleb hés

k`g effhgefs fe|ngbe `hsu`be `be usgbg`snygbny&

H`bhub usgbgs`y -usgbgsw hnkqusgfj'

Yeqyegfs uf knceb ce h`bhub hnfheqsu`b æf h`ye yexuyxebe hnkqus`s"gnf`be xe

nley b` heyeye" g`y hnfxuk`snygg xufs s`}`s"g æf lufhs

"ge ce usgbg`ye" `xekefe` usgbgss

"g+

bny quibghe& Hbnuc hnkqusgfj qn`se ff qyg|gs h` n ye`bg`ye ` hnfheqsubug ce h`bhubusgbgs`y" cen`yehe `cnqs kncebub xey|ghggbny luyfg`se b` heyeye x

"g kncebub ce qb`s

æf lufhs" ge ce hnfxuk&

H`bhub ùsnfnk -ùsnfnkgh hnkqusgfj'

Hnfheqs gfsyncux gfgs"g`b ce GIK æf 9110" h`bhubub ùsnfnk s

"gfsex

"se x ce|nbse

xgxseke ce h`bhub h`qìgbe ce ùsnjexsgnf`ye& Xhnqub h`bhububug ùsnfnk exse `hee`ce ` feusy`bg` hnkqbe}gs`se` æf y`qgc hyex

"seye ` jexsgnfygg xgxsekebny ce h`bhub&

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj qyegfs hése|` ebekefse ce ùsnfnkge" ce e}ekqbu luyfg`ye`ùsnk`s ` yexuyxebny æf lufhs

"ge ce heyeye& Xhnqub `hexsny keh`fgxke ùsnfnke exse

æfx k`g cejyì effhgefsg`ye` hnxsuygbny" cehés yecuheye` hnkqbe}gss"gg T9[&

7



9&< @ymgsehsuy jefey`b

Æf jefey`b" `ymgsehsuy` ufug xgxsek hbnuc hnkqusgfj qn`se ff ækqys"gs qe q`syu

fg|ebuyg" cuq huk uyke`?

0& fg|ebub m`ycz`ye xù `b hefsyebny ce c`se4

9& fg|ebub gfly`xsyuhsuy4

8& fg|ebub qb`slnyk4

3& fg|ebub `qbgh`s"ge&

Æf hnkq`y`s"ge hu kecggbe sy`cgs

"gnf`be ce jcugye ` xey|ghggbny -ce e}ekqbu ley+

kebe ce xey|eye cecgh`se'" `ymgsehsuy` hbnuc exse k`g kncub`y& Lgeh`ye fg|eb exse

xbì huqb`s hu heb ce cecexuis x" g heb ce ce`xuqy`" qeykgs"éfc fg|ebuygbny x e|nbueegfceqefcefs& @he`xs kncub`ygs`se qeykgse h` kncebub hbnuc hnkqusgfj x qn`sjcug n j`k b`yj ce `qbgh`s

"gg" g`y æfsye sgkq x yecuh hnxsuygbe ce `ckgfgxsy`ye

x"g kefsef`fs

"& Lgjuy` 9&0 gbuxsye` `ymgsehsuy` ufug xgxsek ce hbnuc hnkqusgfj&

Æf hnfsgfu`ye xe qyegfs cexhygeye` ffehyug fg|eb æf q`yse?

Usgbgz`snyfff`b

@qbgh`Ũge

Qb`slnykĈ

Gfly`xsyuhsuyĈ

M`yc`ye

Lgjuy` 9&0? @ymgsehsuy` jefey`b ` ufug hbnuc

fg|ebub m`ycz`ye? `hexs fg|eb exse yexqnfxìgb qefsyu `ckgfgxsy`ye` yexuyxebny ff+ghe cgf hbnuc" qygfsye h`ye xey|eye" ynuseye" xzgshm+uyg" xgxseke ce `bgkefs ye x

"g

yhgye" esh& Æf qy`hsgh fg|ebub m`ycz ye exse ce nigheg gkqbekefs`s qygf hefsye

01



ce c`se& Uf hefsyu ce c`se hnfs"gfe æf jefey`b kgg ce xey|eye nyj`fg`se æf y`l+

suyg x"g gfseyhnfehs`se qygf ynuseye" xzgshm+uyg x

"g `bse cgxqngsg|e ce yes

"ebgxsgh&

Qynibekebe sgqghe b` fg|ebub m`ycz`ye gfhbuc? hnfffjuy`ye`" snbey`fs"` b` eynyg"

`ckgfgxsy`ye` sy`ffhubug" yexqehsg| `ckgfgxsy`ye` yexuyxebny ce `bgkefs`ye x"g

yhgye4

fg|ebub gfly`xsyuhsuy? fukgs x"g fg|ebub ce |gysu`bg`ye" fg|ebub gfly`xsyuhsuy hye+

` uf lnfc hnkuf ce yexuyxe ce xsnh`ye x"g ce h`bhub qygf q`ysgs

"gnf`ye` yexuy+

xebny ffghe lnbnxgfc semfghg ce |gysu`bg`ye& Fg|ebub gfly`xsyuhsuy exse n hnk+qnfefs exefs

"g`b æf `ymgsehsuy` hbnuc" cen`yehe kubse cgfsye l`hgbgss

"gbe hmege

nleygse ce hbnuc hnkqusgfj" qygfsye h`ye x"g `xgjf`ye` cgf`kgh ` yexuyxebny" xe

ye`bge` qygf |gysu`bg`ye4

fg|ebub qb`slnyk? hnfxsyugs ce`xuqy` fg|ebubug gfly`xsyuhsuy" fg|ebub qb`slnyk

hnfxs cgf xgxseke ce nqey`ye x"g h`cye qefsyu `qbgh`s

"gg& Xhnqub `hexsug fg|eb exse

`hee` ce ` kgfgkg` hnxsuygbe cexl x"uyygg `qbgh`s" ggbny æf hbnuc& Ce e}ekqbu"Jnnjbe @qq Efjgfe nqeye` qe `hexs fg|eb x

"g nley uf @QG qefsyu gkqbe+

kefs`ye` bnjghgg ce iuxgfexx x"g xsnh`ye` c`sebny qefsyu `qbgh`s

"ggbe zei sgqghe&

Usgbg`snygg `hexsug fg|eb xufs ce|nbs`snygg h`ye gkqbekefse` `qbgh`s"gg cexsg+

f`se b`fxygg æf hbnuc4

fg|ebub `qbgh`s"ge? b` |éylub gey`ymgeg xe ` fg|ebub `qbgh`s

"ge" h`ye hnfxs cgf `qbgh`+

s"ggbe nleygse hsye usgbg`snygg fff`bg& Xqye cenxeigye ce `qbgh`s

"ggbe sy`cgs

"gnf`be"

`qbgh`s"ggbe hbnuc qns iefeffhg` ce l`hgbgs`se` ce ùsn+xh`b`ye qefsyu ` nis

"gfe

qeylnyk`fs"e k`g iufe xù ` yecuhe hnxsuygbe ce nqey`ye&

9&: Hb`xgffh`ye

E}gxs cg|eyxe `xqehse h`ye xe qns bu` æf hnfxgcey`ye æf hb`xgffh`ye` xgxsekebny cehbnuc hnkqusgfj" s`}nfnkg` fu exse æfh hygxs`bg`s hnkqbes& Æf jefey`b xe ù æf|eceye cnu kncuyg qygfhgq`be ce hb`xgffh`ye" æf lufhs

"ge ce kncebub ce iuxgfexx xù

kncebub ce cexl x "uy`ye ìnyc`s&

9&:&0 Kncebe ce iuxgfexx

Fg|ebuygbe `ymgsehsuy`b cexhygxe æf 9&< qns ff gkqbekefs`se h` luyfgnyg ce xey|ghggqefsyu fg|ebub gkecg`s xuqeygny& Æf knc `f`bnj" ffeh`ye fg|eb qn`se ff qyg|gs h` ufhnfxuk`sny `b xey|ghggbny nleygse ce fg|ebub ce cecexuis T9[& Æf jefey`b xe hnfxgceysyeg k`yg h`sejnygg ce xey|ghgg æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj" æf lufhs

"ge ce yexuyxebe quxe b`

cgxqngs"g` hnfxuk`snygbny& Hebe syeg h`sejnygg lufc`kefs`be xe iè` qe hnfheqsub

nyghe h` xey|ghgu " cuq huk uyke`?

0& xnlsz`ye h` xey|ghgu -X``X ‘ Xnlsz`ye `x ` Xey|ghe'4

9& qb`slnyk h` xey|ghgu -Q``X ‘ Qb`slnyk `x ` Xey|ghe'4

8& gfly`xsyuhsuy h` xey|ghgu -G``X ‘ Gfly`xsyuhsuye `x ` Xey|ghe'&

00



Exse gkqnys`fs ce fns`s l`qsub h e}gxs n xuqy`qufeye hnfxgceyìgb æfsye X``X"Q``X x

"g G``X& S

"gféfc hnfs ce xhmgkiygbe y`qgce cgf cnkefgu" kncebebe ce iuxgfexx

cgf hbnuc hnkqusgfj xufs æf hnfsgfu xhmgki`ye&Lgjuy` 9&9 gbuxsye` yeb`s

"g` cgfsye fg|ebuygbe `ymgsehsuy`be x

"g kncebebe ce xey|ghgg

`xnhg`se bny&

Usgbgz`sny

@qbgh`Ũge

Qb`slnykĈ

Gfly`xsyuhsuyĈ

M`yc`ye

X``X

Q``X

G``X

Lgjuy` 9&9? Yeb`s"g` cgfsye fg|ebuygbe `ymgsehsuy`be x

"g kncebebe ce iuxgfexx

Xnlsz`ye h` xey|ghgu -X``X'

Æf kncebub X``X luyfgnygg b`fxe` `qbgh`s"gg xnlsz`ye h`ye xe qns `hhex` ce h+

sye hnfxuk`snyg qygf gfseykecgub ufny hgefs"g hnfehs`s

"g b` Gfseyfes -iynzxeye zei"

cgxqngsg|e knigbe" esh&'& X``X" fukgs x"g kncebub @XQ -@qqbgh`sgnf Xey|ghe Qyn|g+

cey'" exse hnfxgcey`s ce kubs"g n fnu q`y`cgjk æf cgxsygiugye` qyncuxebny xnlsz`ye

T5[& Usgbg`snygg qns ff s`}`s"g æf lufhs

"ge ce usgbg`ye" xui lnyk ce ìnf`kefs" xù

xey|ghggbe xe qns nleyg hmg`y jy`sugs æf hùb æf h`ye knfesg`ye` xe ye`bge` qygfyehb`ke&

Xqye cenxeigye ce `qbgh`s"ggbe xnlsz`ye sy`cgs

"gnf`be" X``X nley uf fg|eb ygcgh`s ce

xh`bìgbgs`se" c`snygs `ymgsehsuygg hbnuc kubsg+sef`fs ce cecexuis& Uf `bs `|`fsòxekgffh`sg| `b kncebubug X``X l`s

" ce `qbgh`s

"ggbe sy`cgs

"gnf`be hnfxs æf hnxsuygbe ye+

cuxe ce kefsef`fs"& @hsu bgygbe xufs cexl x

"uy`se ce hsye luyfgny x

"g `hhexgigbe

gfxs`fs susuyny hbgefs"gbny&

E}ekqbe? X`bexlnyhe&hnk" Hnyfeyxsnfe NfCek`fc" FesXugse" _nmn" esh&

09



9&:&9 Kncebe ce cexl x"uy`ye

Æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj xe cgxsgfj k`g kubse kncebe ce cexl x"uy`ye" æf lufhs

"ge ce

fg|ebub ce `hhex b` xey|ghggbe nleygse& Kncebebe qygfhgq`be e}gxsefse æf qyeefs xufs

cexhygxe æf hnfsgfu`ye& Cefffgs" ggbe xufs cn`y nygefs`sg|e" c`snygs ygskubug `beys huh`ye e|nbue` hbnuc hnkqusgfj x"g `q`y xhef`ygg fng ce usgbg`ye&

Hbnuc quibgh

Hbnuc+ub quibgh exse æf qyeefs kncebub ce cexl x"uy`ye cnkgf`fs æf hbnuc hnk+

qusgfj& Xey|ghggbe nleygse ce uf hbnuc quibgh qns ff usgbg`se ce quibghub b`yj `b hnf+xuk`snygbny& Luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg `ye sn`se cyeqsuygbe yeey|`se æf hee` he qyg|ex

"se

qnbgsgh` ce iuxgfexx x"g qnbgsgh` ce qyes

"& Æf qbux" hbgefs

"gg fu ù hnfsynb ce jy`fub`s

"ge

fff `xuqy` xesygbny" hee` he l`he `hexs knceb fe`ceh|`s qefsyu `fukgse xhef`ygg ceiuxgfexx&E}ekqbe? @k`nf EH9" @k`nf X8" Jnnjbe @qq Efjgfe" Lnyhe&hnk" esh&

Hbnuc qyg|`s

Fukgs x"g hbnuc gfseyf " uf hbnuc qyg|`s exse qyngehs`s qefsyu ` ff usgbg`s ce n

xgfjuy nyj`fg`s"ge& @hexs` qn`se ff gkqbekefs`s x

"g `ckgfgxsy`s ce hsye nyj`fg`s

"g`

æf xgfe" xù ce luyfgnyg e}seyfg& Uf hbnuc qyg|`s nley heb k`g æf`bs fg|eb ce hnfsynb`xuqy` qeylnyk`fs

"eg x

"g `b xehuygss

"gg& Qe ce bs q`yse" `hexs knceb exse cexenyg

hygsgh`s cen`yehe xe hnfxgcey h exse xgkgb`y leykebny ce xey|eye sy`cgs"gnf`be x

"g fu

nley iefeffhgg fff`fhg`ye hnkq`yìgbe hu hebe nleygse ce hbnuc+ub qyg|`s&

Æfsye`j` gfly`xsyuhsuy

hbnuc exse usgbg`s

x"

g `ckgfgxsy`s

æf gfseygnyub nyj`fg`+s"geg& Knsg|`s

"g` qefsyu gkqbekefs`ye` ufug hbnuc qyg|`s æf gfseygnyub ufeg nyj`fg`s

"gg

qn`se ff `hee` ce ` k`}gkg` usgbg`ye` yexuyxebny qynqygg ceo` e}gxsefse& Fg|ebubygcgh`s ce hnfsynb `xuqy` xehuygss

"gg x

"g `b hnfffcefs

"g`bgss

"gg c`sebny l`h cgf hbnuc+ub

qyg|`s n nqs"gufe `sy`hsg| qefsyu nyj`fg`s

"gg& Æf `b syegbe` yéfc" hnxsuygbe kgjyygg

c`sebny ce qe gfly`xsyuhsuy` bnh`b æf hbnuc xufs hnfxgceyìgbe& Ufg|eyxgss"gbe x

"g `bse

gfxsgsus"gg `h`cekghe cexenyg gkqbekefse` hése uf hbnuc qyg|`s qefsyu ` l`hgbgs`

`hsg|gs`se` ce heyhes`ye x"g ecuh`s

"ge&

Hbnuc hnkufgs`y

Exse n |`yg`fs ce hbnuc qyg|`s æf h`ye k`g kubse nyj`fg`s" gg hnfxsyugexh x" g usgbg+e` n gfly`xsyuhsuy hbnuc æf hnkuf& Gfly`xsyuhsuy` qn`se ff jcugs ce hsye ufseys

"xù ce uf` cgf nyj`fg`s

"ggbe kekiye `be hnkufgss

"gg&

Hbnuc mgiygc

Uf hbnuc mgiygc yeqyegfs n hnkigf`s"ge cgfsye hbnuc qyg|`s x

"g hbnuc quibgh" x

"g

æx"g qynqufe x `cyexee bgkgsygbe `kiebny kncebe& Æfsy+uf hbnuc mgiygc n q`yse cgf

gfly`xsyuhsuy` ce xey|ghgg yube` qe uf hbnuc qyg|`s" qe héfc yexsub qe uf hbnucquibgh& Uf hbnuc mgiygc nley k`g kubs e}gigbgs`se cehés uf hbnuc qyg|`s xù ufhbnuc quibgh& Qeykgse uf hnfsynb k`g xsyéfx x

"g uf fg|eb ce xehuygs`se k`g ygcgh`s

hnkq`y`s hu kncebub quibgh& Æf `heb`x"g sgkq l`hgbgse` e}q`fc`ye` xey|ghgubug xù

03



hnfsy`hs`ye` ufng xey|ghgg fng æf lufhs"ge ce heyeye" hee` he yeqyegfs n qynibek

æfsy+uf hbnuc qyg|`s& Qe ce `bs q`yse" gkqbekefs`ye` ufug hbnuc mgiygc fehexgs nqb`fgffh`ye `sefs ` ækqys

"gygg s`xd+uygbny æfsye hnkqnfefsebe qyg|`se x

"g hebe quibghe&

Usgbgéfc `hexs knceb" nyj`fg`s"ggbe æx

"g qns nqsgkg` hmebsugebgbe qygf kgjy`ye`

lufhs" ggbny ce iuxgfexx k`yjgf`be æf hbnuc+ub quibgh" æf sgkq he æx" g qxsye` hnfsynbub`xuqy` `hsg|gss

"gbe lufc`kefs`be qygf gfseykecgub hbnuc+ubug qyg| s& @hexs knceb

ygcgh qynibek` gfseynqey`igbgss"gg&

Hbnuc qyg|`s |gysu`b -\QH'

Gkqbekefs`s gfgs"g`b ce hsye @k`nf Zei Xey|ghex -@ZX'" uf \QH nley n

xnbus"ge `bseyf`sg| qefsyu bgkgsygbe hbnuc+ubug quibgh x

"g qyg|`s& Uf \QH exse æf

exefs" n qb`slnyk h`ye yube` ce`xuqy` ufug hbnuc quibgh x

"g usgbge` yes

"ebe |gy+

su`be qyg|`se -\QF'" qeykgs"éfc `xsleb luyfgnygbny ce xey|ghgg x gkqbekefsee xesyg

ce snqnbnjge x"

g xehuygs`se qynqygg& \QH fu |gysu`bge`

cn`y yexuyxebe ce h`bhub" hgx"g yes

"e`u` ce hnkufgh`s

"ge& @xsleb" cex

"g yexuyxebe xe ` qe n gfly`xsyuhsuy quibgh"

xe qns gkqufe sn`se qnbgsghe ce xehuygs`se hnyqny`sg|e&

05



H`qgsnbub 8

Yexuyxebe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj

Æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj xe cgxsgfj æf jefey`b q`syu h`sejnygg ce yexuyxe T08[& Xe qn`senixey|` n yeb`s

"ge æfsye sgquygbe ce yexuyxe x

"g fg|ebuyg `ymgsehsuy`be qyeefs`se æf 9&<"

cuq huk uyke`?

yexuyxe gfly`xsyuhsuy`be? xufs xqehgffhe fg|ebubug gfly`xsyuhsuy x"g xsù b` i``

xey|ghggbny luyfg`se æf kncebubug G``X& Cgf he`xs h`sejnyge l`h q`yse æf qygkubyéfc quseye` ce h`bhub x

"g xq`s

"gub ce xsnh`ye4

yexuyxe xnlsz`ye? yeqyegfs heb ce `b cngbe` sgq ce yexuyxe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj"xqehgffh fg|ebubug qb`slnyk& Æf `hexs hnfse}s yexuyxebe xnlsz`ye hnfxs cgfkgccbez`ye" qb`slnyke ce ce|nbs`ye x

"g h`cye qefsyu `qbgh`s

"gg& Qb slnykebe

ce ce|nbs`ye gfhbuc gfxsyukefse qefsyu qyngehs`ye`" ce|nbs`ye`" sexs`ye` x"g

b`fx`ye` `qbgh`s"

ggbny& Yexuyxebe ce sgq kgccbez`ye gfhbuc xgxseke ce nqey`yexqehg`bg`se" xey|eye ce `qbgh`s"gg" iè ce c`se" esh&4

`qbgh`s"gg? xufs yexuyxebe nleygse hsye usgbg`snygg fff`bg æfsy+uf hbnuc X``X x

"g yeqye+

gfs he` ce ` syeg` h`sejnyge ce yexuyxe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj4

qynhexe ce iuxgfexx? xufs hnkquxe cgf `qbgh`s"gg xbì huqb`se h`ye hnyexqufc xui+

qynhexebny x"g s`xd+uygbny cgf qynhexub ce iuxgfexx& Yeqyegfs heb k`g æf`bs fg|eb

ce ìxsy`hsg`ye qefsyu yexuyxebe e}gxsefse æf qyeefs æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj&

8&0 \gysu`bg`ye` yexuyxebny\gysu`bg`ye` nley uf knc ce ìxsy`hsg`ye x

"g gnb`ye ` lufhs

"gnf`bgss

"gbny ce fg|eb

gfleygny ce b` m`ycz`ye+ub ce cecexuis& Æf `hexs knc xe qn`se nis"gfe qnysìgbgs`se`

lufhs"gnf`bgss

"gg ce fg|eb æf`bs x

"g q`ysò`ye` yexuyxebny ffghe æfsye k`g kubse k`x

"gfg

|gysu`be& Hnfheqsub ` `qyus æfh cgf `fgg 07<1" héfc GIK ` gkqbekefs`s qygkubxgxsek h`ye x+` hnkqnys`s æf knc xgkgb`y hu k`x

"gfgbe |gysu`be knceyfe& Xgxsekub

HQ.HKX ` nleygs uf keh`fgxk ce `hhex b` yexuyxebe ufug xgxsek k`gfly`ke" h`yeqeykgse` k`g kubsny usgbg`snyg x q`ysòee yexuyxebe ce h`bhub cgf xgxsek l y x ffehnfx

"sgefs

"g ce l`qsub h fu `hhexe` æf knc cgyehs x

"g e}hbuxg| k`x

"gf` ffgh&

\gysu`bg`ye` xe qn`se `qbgh` qefsyu k`g kubse sgquyg ce yexuyxe& Æf hbnuc hnk+

qusgfj |gysu`bg`ye` yexuyxebny xe `qbgh" æf jefey`b" qe uyksn`yebe qb`fuyg T:[?

0<



\K \K \K \K

Mgqey|gzny

M`yc`ye

Lgjuy` 8&0? Yeb`s"g` æfsye \K" mgqey|gny x

"g xgxsekub j`c

8&0&9 @q`y`se |gysu`be

Cefffgs"g` 8 Uf `q`y`s |gysu`b yeqyegfs uf xey|ghgu bg|y`s xui lnyk` ufug q`hmes

xnlsz`ye gfxs`b`s qe uf` xù k`g kubse k`x "gfg |gysu`be h`ye xe qn`se e}ehus` qe n

qb`slnyk ce |gysu`bg`ye T 05 [& @q y`sebe |gysu`be xufs yexuyxe lufc`kefs`be æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj x

"g yeqyegfs ufgs`se` ebekefs`y ce æfh`qxub`ye ` xey|ghggbny&

Lgeh`ye k`x"gf |gysu`b yeqyegfs n efsgs`se gfxs`bìgb h`ye hnfs

"gfe uf xgxsek

ce nqey`ye" `qbgh`s"gg x

"g c`se xqehgffhe `qbgh`s

"ggbny" yexqehsg| cexhygeye` hnfffjuy`s

"geg

m`ycz`ye fehex`y qefsyu ` yub` k`x"gf` |gysu`b& Kònygs`se` `qbgh`s

"ggbny gfly`xsyuh+

suy`be" c`y hmg`y x"g `qbgh`s

"ggbe cexsgf`se usgbg`snygbny fff`bg -h`ye xe qns `hhex` qygf

yes"e`' xe qns æfh`qxub` æfsy+uf `q`y`s |gysu`b& Ce e}ekqbu uf xey|ey CFX" n i` ce

c`se" xù hmg`y n `qbgh`s"ge efseyqygxe hnkqbe}" xe qns bg|y` xui lnyk` ufug `q`y`s

|gysu`b& Æfh`qxub`ye` xgxsekebny xnlsz`ye hnkqbe}e æf `q`y`se |gysu`be x"g bg|y`ye` bny

xui lnyk ce q`hmes qyehnfffjuy`s ux"uye` æf knc xekfgffh`sg| gfxs`b`ye` x

"g hyex

"se

yniuxses"e` xey|ghgubug&

Æf jefey`b" uf xey|ghu exse gkqbekefs`s xui lnyk` ufeg `qbgh`s"

gg kubsg+sgey h`yeyube` qe k`g kubse k`x"gfg |gysu`be x

"g hnkqnfefsebe hyeg` hnkufgh qygf yes

"e`&

Xey|ghggbe xufs cexenyg hnkquxe cgf `bse xey|ghgg" gkqbekefséfc n `ymgsehsuy nygef+s`s qe xey|ghgg -XN@'& X hnfxgceyk" ce e}ekqbu" n `qbgh`s

"ge zei sgqgh h`ye hnfxs

cgf syeg fg|ebuyg? fg|ebub zei gkqbekefse` bnjgh` ce qyeefs`ye" fg|ebub xey|ey gk+qbekefse` bnjgh` ce iuxgfexx" g`y i`` ce c`se exse gkqbekefs`s qe uf `b syegbe`fg|eb& @he`xs `qbgh`s

"ge xe qn`se æfh`qxub` æfsy+uf `q`y`s |gysu`b h`ye hnfxs cgf

syeg k`x"gfg |gysu`be& Æf `hexs leb" `qbgh`s

"g` qn`se ff xh`b`s ce b` ly`hs

"gufe` ufeg xgf+

juye j`ce ffghe b` syeg xgxseke j`c" l y ` fehexgs` yegfxs`b`ye` x"g yehnfffjuy`ye`

xey|ghgubug T0<[&

0=



8&0&8 Jexsgnf`ye` gfly`xsyuhsuygg |gysu`be

N hnkqnfefs fukgs \gysu`b Gfly`xsyuhsuye K`f`jey -\GK' exse yexqnfxìgbqefsyu jexsgnf`ye` gfly`xsyuhsuygg |gysu`be& \GK nley xnbus

"gg qefsyu gfxs`b`ye`" `c+

kgfgxsy`ye` x"

g knfgsnyg`ye` k`x"

gfgny |gysu`be æfsy+uf kecgu hu yexuyxe q`ysò`se&\GK `ye uf ynb exefs"g`b æf `xgjuy`ye` e}gigbgss

"gg x

"g gkqbekefs`ye` ùsnjexsgnfygg

xgxsekubug hbnuc& Ce `xekefe`" \GK syeiuge x `xgjuye xsìgbgs`se` xey|ghgubug x"g x

e|gse qe hés qnxgigb xgsu`s"ggbe ce gkq`x xù felufhs

"gnf`ye ` xey|ghgubug&

E}ekqbe ce \GK? Hgsyg} Exxefsg`bx" @qqBnjgh" Euh`bwqsux" NqeFeiub`" esh&

8&9 Xs`fc`ycg`ye

E}gxs k`g kubse nyj`fg`s"gg x

"g jyuquyg h`ye buhye` æf qyeefs b` ce|nbs`ye`

ufny xs`fc`yce h`ye x `cyexee qynibekebe xqehgffhe cgf hbnuc hnkqusgfj& Q`jgf`

zgdg hbnuc+xs`fc`ycx&nyj T93[ ` lnxs hye`s qefsyu ` nleyg n xuqy`l`s" hnkuf h`yex `jyejmee yeubs`sebe `hexsny nyj`fg`s

"gg& N qynibek gkqnys`fs h`ye syeiuge

`cyex`s qygf xs`fc`ycg`ye exse gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` æfsye cgleygse xey|ghgg hbnuc& Ce`xekefe`" qnysìgbgs`se` yexuyxebny exse æfh n qynibek feyenb|`s" æf xqehg`b æfQ``X x

"g X``X&

Cgxsygiusec K`f`jekefs S`xd Lnyhe -CKSL' exse n nyj`fg`s"ge cgf h`ye l`h

q`yse k`g kubs ce 0<1 ce hnkq`fgg cgf cnkefgub GS& CKSL exse `fjò`s æf ce|nb+s`ye` ufny xs`fc`yce h`ye x l`hgbgsee jexsgnf`ye` gfseynqeyìgb ` yexuyxebny& Æf9117 CKSL ` hye`s jyuqub ce buhyu Nqef Hbnuc Xs`fc`ycx Gfhui`sny " xhnqub hyugèy` x `cyexee qynibek` ce xs`fc`ycg`ye ` gfsey`hs

"gufgbny æfsye kecggbe hbnuc qygf

xqehgffh`ye` ufeg `ymgsehsuyg ce yeleygfs"

x"

g ` hùygbny ce usgbg`ye qefsyu jexsgnf`ye&Jyuqub x"g+` æfhmeg`s `hsg|gs`se` æf gubge 9101" yeubs`sebe bny ffgfc qyebu`se ce jyuqub

Hbnuc K`f`jekefs Znydgfj Jynuq -HKZJ'& Nqef Jygc Lnyuk -NJL'" qygf jyu+qub ce buhyu Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he -NHHG' Znydgfj Jynuq" buhye` bùf xs`fc`yc ce gfseynqeyìgbgs`se qefsyu G``X& Nyj`fg`s

"ggbe Xsny`je Fesznyd Gfcux+

syw @xxnhg`sgnf -XFG@' x"g Nqef Hbnuc Hnfxnysguk -NHH' xe hnfhefsye` `xuqy`

ce|nbsygg ufny xs`fc`yce h`ye x xe `cyexee kecgubug C``X&

8&9&0 Xs`fc`yce ce gfseynqeyìgbgs`se

Gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` xe yeley b` h`q`hgs`se` ce hnnqey`ye x"g gfsejy`ye ` qyncuxebny

x"g ` hnkqnfefsebny xnlsz`ye& Gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` nley e}gigbgs`se x

"g qnxgigbgs`se`

`bejeygg cgfsy+n j`k b`yj ce xnbus"gg" ebgkgféfc `xsleb ceqefcgfs

"` ce uf `fukgs

luyfgny&Æf jefey`b gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` xe ye`bge` qygfs gkqbekefs ye` ufug @QG hnkuf

ce hsye hebe cnu hnkqnfefse h`ye gfsey`hs"gnfe`& @hexs @QG `xgjuy hnf|eyxg`

c`sebny x"g ` gfxsyuhs

"gufgbny ce hnfsynb qyn|efgse ce b` uf` cgfsye qys

"g æfsy+uf lnyk`s

gfsebgjgigb hebugb`bs& Xhnqub xs`fc`ycebny exse `hee` ce ` cefffg uf h`cyu hnkuf qefsyuce|nbs`ye` ufny `xsleb ce @QG+uyg&

Æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj" qe béfj gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` c`sebny x"g ` kexòebny ce hnfsynb"

syeiuge ìnyc`se x"g hése|` qynibeke xqehgffhe `hexsug kecgu" huk `y ff jexsgnf`ye`

hnkuf ` qnbgsghgbny ce xehuygs`se x" g cexl x"uy`ye& Æf qbux" c`snygs l`qsubug h fg|ebub

07



Gfgs"g`sg|e fnsìgbe

Xs`fc`ycub Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s -N\L'" qyeefs`s æf ces`bgu æf xehs"gufe`

3&0" qynqufe uf lnyk`s ce ækq`hmes`ye ` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be gfceqefcefs ce luyfgny"

`b h

yug xhnq qygfhgq`b exse x

l`hgbgsee qnysìgbgs`se` yexuyxebny gfly`xsyuhsuy`be|gysu`bg`se& Uf `q`y`s |gysu`b N\L qn`se ff qnys`s hu ux"uygfs

" qe nyghe qb`slnyk

ce |gysu`bg`ye qe `bs`" æf hnfcgs"ggbe æf h`ye qb`slnykebe ce |gysu`bg`ye yehufnxh

lnyk`sub& N\L exse uf xs`fc`yc ju|eyf`s ce nyj`fg`s"g` CKSL" |eyxgufe` quibgh

huyefs ` xqehgffh`s"geg ffgfc 0&0&

Xs`fc`ycub N\L `cyexe` qnysìgbgs`se` yexuyxebny gfly`xsyuhsuy`be" xqehgffhekncebubug G``X& Æf qyeefs fu e}gxs æfh xs`fc`yce h`ye x l`hgbgsee qnysìgbgs`se`yexuyxebny xnlsz`ye x

"g ` `qbgh`s

"ggbny cgf Q``X x

"g X``X&

8&9&8 Xs`fc`yce ce xehuygs`se

Hbnuc hnkqusgfj `cuhe hése|` qyn|nhyg ce xehuygs`se fng" gfe}gxsefse æf gfly`x+syuhsuygbe efseyqygxe sy`cgs

"gnf`be& @hexse qynibeke xqehgffhe xe c`snye` æf qygkub

yéfc kncebubug ce q`ysò`ye ` yexuyxebny x"g `b `hhexgigbgss

"gg qeyk`fefse x

"g gfceqef+

cefse ce bnh`s"ge& Æf qygfhgqgu" uf xs`fc`yc ce xehuygs`se qnsyg|gs kecgubug hbnuc `y

syeiug x nleye uyksn`yebe l`hgbgss"g T09[?

0& `xgjuy`ye` xehuygss"gg c`sebny

• ùsefsgffh`ye` x"g |eygffh`ye` gcefsgss

"gg usgbg`snyubug4

• hnfsynb`ye` `hhexubug b` yexuyxe qe i`` qyg|gbejggbny ffehyug usgbg`sny x"g

qye|efgye` cg|ubjygg c`sebny hnfffcefs" g`be b` qys" g feùsnyg`se4• `xgjuy`ye` cgxqnfgigbgss

"gg x

"g ` gfsejygss

"gg c`sebny" `xsleb æfhés yexuyxebe x

qn`s ff `hhex`se héfc exse fe|nge4

9& `xgjuy`ye` xehuygss"gg `hhexubug b` xey|ghgu

• feusy`bg ye` |ubfeyìgbgss"gbny xqehgffhe kecgubug ce hnkufgh`ye4

• hnki`seye` `s`huygbny CnX" h`ye `y `|e` uf gkq`hs fej`sg| `xuqy` xsìgbgss"gg

x"g hnfsgfugss

"gg xey|ghgubug&

Gfgs" g`sg|e fnsìgbe

Jyuqub Hbnuc Xehuygsw @bbg`fhe -HX@' ` æfsnhkgs uf jmgc ce xehuygs`se qefsyunfebe hygsghe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj" h`ye æf qyeefs xe ` b` |eyxgufe` 9&0& Æf `l`yce `he`xs gfgs

"g`sg|" æf qyeefs fu e}gxs xs`fc`yce ce xehuygs`se h`ye xe `cyexe`

æf knc xqehg`b kecgubug hbnuc" luyfgnygg i`éfcu+xe qe xs`fc`ycebe ce xehuygs`seknx

"sefgse ce b` semfnbnjggbe ce i`&

90



H`qgsnbub 3

Kncebe ce yeqyeefs`ye `be yexuy+xebny

Æf `hexs h`qgsnb xe qyegfs hebe k`g gkqnys`fse kncebe xs`fc`ycg`se qefsyuyeqyeefs`ye` x

"g `ckgfgxsy`ye` yexuyxebny" qyehuk x

"g ufebe kncebe fnf+xs`fc`yc qyn+

quxe æf `ysghnbe x"sggfs

"gffhe& Xs`fc`ycebe Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s -N\L'" Nqef

Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he -NHHG' x"g Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefs Gfseyl`he -HCKG'

ù `qyus yeb`sg| yehefs" hu xhnqub ce ` `cyex` qynibekebe ce qnysìgbgs`se x"g gfse+

ynqeyìgbgs`se xqehgffhe kecgubug hbnuc&Xehs

"gufe` 3&3 `f`bge` knc`bgss

"gbe ce gfsejy`ye `be hebny syeg xs`fc`yce æfsy+n

`ymgsehsuy hbnuc cexhmgx&

3&0 Xs`fc`ycub Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s-N\L'

Nc`s hu `cnqs`ye` qe xh`y b`yj ` |gysu`bgygg" ` `qyus fe|ng` ce|nbsyggufug knceb hnkuf qefsyu ækq`hmes`ye` x

"g cgxsygiugye` `q`y`sebny |gysu be& N\L

T05[ exse uf xs`fc`yc cexhmgx ce|nbs`s ce hsye qygfhgq`bebe hnkq`fgg cgf cnkefgub|gysu`bgygg" h`ye nley uf lnyk`s hnkq`hs" e}sefxgigb x

"g gfceqefcefs ce qb`slnyk

qefsyu xnbus"gnf`ye` qynibekeg ce qnysìgbgs`se ` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be&

Qynqufeye` gfgs"g`b qefsyu N\L" gfsgsub`s Nqef \gysu`b K`hmgfe Lnyk`s " ` lnxs

æf`gfs s hsye nyj`fg`s"g` ce xs`fc`ycg`ye CKSL æf xeqsekiyge 911: ce uf jyuq

lnyk`s cgf hnkq`fggbe Cebb" MQ" GIK" Kghynxnls" \Kz`ye x" g ]efXnuyhe& CKSL `quibgh`s |eyxgufe` 0&1&1 ` xqehgffh`s

"geg N\L æf xeqsekiyge 911=& He` k`g yehefs

|eyxgufe ce xqehgffh`s"ge `hhexgigb quibghubug b` knkefsub xhygeygg `hexseg buhyyg exse

0&0&1" quibgh`s æf g`fu`yge 9101&Æf ùjuxs 9101 N\L |0&0&1 ` lnxs y`sgffh`s ce hsye @keygh`f F`sgnf`b Xs`fc`ycx

Gfxsgsuse -@FXG'" ce|efgfc xs`fc`ycub hu fukyub GFHGSX 3<7+9101& @he`xs ye+`bg`ye yeqyegfs uf yeqey gkqnys`fs æf qynhexub ce xs`fc`ycg`ye ` kncebebny ceyeqyeefs`ye ` yexuyxebny æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj&

99



3&0&0 Qyeefs`ye jefey`b

Xs`fc`ycub N\L xqehgffh uf lnyk`s gfceqefcefs ce qb`slnyk x"g e}sefxgigb qef+

syu ækq`hmes`ye` x"g cgxsygiugye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be hnkquxe cgfsy+uf` xù k`g kubse

k`x"

gfg |gysu`be& Xhnqub xs`fc`ycubug fu exse cn`y ce ` l`hgbgs` `ckgfgxsy`ye` ùsn+k`sg`s x"g xehuyg`s ` k`x

"gfgbny |gysu`be" hg x

"g `hee` ce ` qyeefs` `q`y`sub |gysu`b

h` x"g n ufgs`se lufhs

"gnf`b ce xgfe xsssn`ye&

Cgf qufhsub ce |eceye `b usgbg`snyubug fff`b N\L exse uf lnyk`s ce ækq`hmes`ye qefsyu xnbus

"ggbe xnlsz`ye & Nc`s gfxs`b`s" uf q`hmes N\L `cùj b` gfly`xsyuhsuy`

usgbg`snyubug n xnbus"ge xnlsz`ye ùsnhnfxgxsefs x

"g gfceqefcefs h`ye yenb| n `fu+

kgs qynibek& Ce e}ekqbu" uf `xsleb ce q`hmes qn`se hnfs"gfe n hnkigf`s

"ge cgfsy+uf

xgxsek ce nqey`ye" n i` ce c`se x"g uf xey|ey zei" `xekefe` hufnxhuseg xsg|e B@KQ

-Bgfu} $ @q`hme $ KwXPB $ QMQ'&Cgf qufhs ce |eceye semfgh N\L qn`se ff qyg|gs h` uf keh`fgxk ce sy`fxqnys "

xhnqub hyug` exse xnbus"gnf`ye` qynibekeg ce qnysìgbgs`se ` k`x

"gfgbny |gysu`be& Uf

q`hmes N\L qn`se hnfs"gfe n xgfjuy xù k`g kubse k`x

"gfg |gysu`be x

"g fehexgs gf+

xs`b`ye æf`gfse ce ` xe quse` yub`&Hnflnyk cnhukefsubug ce xqehgffh`s

"ge T05[" qufhsebe lnyse x

"g hebe k`g gkqnys`fse

h`y`hseygxsghg `be lnyk`subug N\L xufs uyksn`yebe?

nqsgkg`s qefsyu cgxsygius"ge? qeykgse |eygffh`ye` hnfs

"gfusubug x

"g ` gfsejygss

"gg

q`hmesebny qe i`` ufeg gfly`xsyuhsuyg ce hmeg quibghe& Qe béfj `hexs`" xs`f+c`ycub nley x

"g n xhmek ebekefs`y qefsyu `ckgfgxsy`ye` bghefs

"ebny4

nqsgkg`s qefsyu e}qeygefs"` ce usgbg`sny? N\L qeykgse |`bgc`ye` ffehyeg k`+

x"

gfg |gysu`be x"

g hnkqnfefse ce kes`c`se æfh cgf l`` ce gfxs`b`ye& Æf qbux"q`hmesebe hnfs"gf gflnyk`s

"gg cexhygqsg|e æf lnyk`s se}su`b" h`ye qns ff usgbg`se

ce hsye qb`slnyk` ce |gysu`bg`ye qefsyu ` ux"uy` qynhexubug ce gfxs`b`ye4

q`hmese ce hnkqbe}gs`se |`ygìgb? xs`fc`ycub qn`se yeqyeefs` `sés q`hmeseh`ye hnfs

"gf n xgfjuy k`x

"gf |gysu`b" hés x

"g q`hmese h`ye e}quf xey|ghgg hnk+

qbe}e" kubsg+fg|eb" hnkquxe cgf k`g kubse k`x"gfg |gysu`be gfceqefcefse4

knceb ce ækq`hmes`ye qnysìgb? N\L exse gfceqefcefs ce qb`slnyk` ce |gysu+`bg`ye x

"g yehufn`x

"se lnyk`sebe `hsu`be ce cgxhuyg |gysu`be& Æf qbux" kncebub

e}sefxgigb qeykgse n gfsejy`ye ux"n`y ` lnyk`sebny h`ye qns `qye` æf |ggsny&

Qynqygess"

gbe k`x"

gfgbny |gysu`be xufs cexhygxe æf knc hnfhgx x"

g qyehgx4gfceqefcefs ce qb`slnyk x

"g luyfgny? lnyk`sub fu ceqgfce ce fghgn qb`slnyk

j`c xù mgqey|gny `fuke" qyehuk fghg ce xgxsekub ce nqey`ye n`xqese4

e}sefxgigb? gfcuxsyg` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be exse æf hnfsgfu ce|nbs`ye& Lnyk`subN\L ` lnxs qyngehs`s `xsleb æfhés x qn`s ff e}sgfx hu fng semfnbnjgg h`yexe |ny ce|nbs` æf |ggsny4

gfseyf`s"gnf`bgìgb? N\L qeykgse cefffgye` se}sebny `ffx

"`se usgbg`snygbny æf k`g

kubse bgkig" g`y qynhexebe gfsey`hsg|e cgf h`cyub gfxs`bygg qns ff" ce `xekefe`"

bnh`bg`se& @xsleb uf xgfjuy q`hmes N\L qn`se xey|g k`g kubse qges"

e4

98



xs`fc`yc cexhmgx? N\L ` bu`s f`x"seye cgf hnbìny`ye` hebny k`g gkqnys`fs

"g luy+

fgnyg cgf gfcuxsyg` |gysu`bgygg x"g xe cnyex

"se ` ce|efg qygfhgq`bub xs`fc`yc ce

ækq`hmes`ye ` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be& Æf `hexs xhnq N\L xe qyegfs xui lnykùfug xs`fc`yc cexhmgx h`ye qn`se ff gkqbekefs`s ce hsye nygh`ye luyfgny&

3&0&9 Q`hmese N\L

Efsgs se` lufc`kefs`b ` xs`fc`ycubug exse q`hmesub & Uf q`hmes N\L hnfs"gfe

uyksn`yebe ffx"geye?

• uf cexhygqsny hu e}sefxg` &n|l4

• eyn xù uf k`fglexs hu e}sefxg` &kl4

• eyn xù uf heysgffh`s hu e}sefxg` &heys4

• eyn xù k`g kubse gk`jgfg ce cgxh4

• eyn xù k`g kubse ffx"geye ce yexuyxe -gk`jgfg GXN" ]KB+uyg ce bnh`bg`ye'&

Uyksn`ye` bgxs ce ffx"geye yeqyegfs uf e}ekqbu ce q`hmes N\L?

q`hd`je&n|l

q`hd`je&kl

q`hd`je&heys

ce+CE+yexnuyhex&}kb

|kcgxd0&|kcd

|kcgxd9&|kcd

Lgx"geyub k`fglexs nqs

"gnf`b hnfs

"gfe m`xm+uygbe XM@+0 `be hebnyb`bse ffx

"geye cgf q`+

hmes& Fukebe ffx"geyubug k`fglexs hngfhgce æf knc nibgj`snygu hu fukebe ffx

"geyubug

&n|l& Qyeefs"` ffx

"geyubug k`fglexs æb nibgj qe hnfxuk`snyub q`hmesubug x h`bhubee

m`xm+uygbe ffx"geyebny x

"g x be hnkq`y hu |`bnygbe cgf k`fglexs" `xgjuyéfcu+xe `xsleb

ce gfsejygs`se` q`hmesubug& Lnyk`sub ufug ffx"gey &kl exse cefffgs æf kncub uyksny"

lnbnxgfc fns`s"g` @IFL -@ujkefsec I`hdux+Fùy Lnyk'?

k`fglexs^lgbe ; /- lgbe^cgjexs '

lgbe^cgjexs ; `bjnygsmk )-) lgbe^f`ke )') );) xq cgjexs fb

`bjnygsmk ; )XM@0)cgjexs ; 31- me}+cgjgs ' 4 0<1+igs cgjexs gf 31+cgjgs

me}`cehgk`b

me}+cgjgs ; )1) r )0) r )9) r )8) r )3) r )5) r )<) r ):) r

)=) r )7) r )`) r )i) r )h) r )c) r )l)

xq ; R%}91

fb ; R%}1@

E}ekqbub ce k`g onx qyegfs hnfs"gfusub q`ys

"g`b `b ufug ffx

"gey k`fglexs?

XM@0-q`hd`je&n|l' ; 98:ce19<li9=5i=559=710c`15=3:5e5<183c`75

XM@0-|kcgxd0&|kcd' ; 878`<<cl903e079llileci:=59=i5ie:5hh7e0h8&&&

93



Uf q`hmes N\L qn`se ff xekf`s qygf xekf`ye` k`fglexsubug& M`xm+ub k`fglexsu+bug xe xsnhme` æf ffx

"geyub &heys ækqyeuf hu uf heysgffh`s ]&517 hncgffh`s æf i`xe<3&

Lgx"geyub &heys `ye `heb`x

"g fuke h` x

"g cexhygqsnyub N\L x

"g k`fglexsub& Usgbg`snyub

q`hmesubug |` |eygffh` xekfsuy` x"g |` | bgc` heysgffh`sub& Lgx

"geyub &heys `cey b`

uyksnyub lnyk`s?

heysglgh`se^lgbe ; k`fglexs^cgjexs heysglgh`se^q`ys

k`fglexs^cgjexs ; `bjnygsmk )-) lgbe^f`ke )') );) xq cgjexs

fb

`bjnygsmk ; )XM@0)

xgjfec^cgjexs ; /- me}+cgjgs '

heysglgh`se^q`ys ; heysglgh`se^me`cey heysglgh`seîncw

heysglgh`se^lnnsey

heysglgh`se^me`cey ; )+++++IEJGF HEYSGLGH@SE+++++) fb

heysglgh`se^lnnsey ; )+++++EFC HEYSGLGH@SE+++++) fb

heysglgh`seîncw ; i`xe<3+efhncec+heysglgh`se fb

me}+cgjgs ; )1) r )0) r )9) r )8) r )3) r )5) r )<)

):) r )=) r )7) r )`) r )i) r )h) r )c) r

)l)

xq ; %}91

fb ; %}1@

E}ekqbub uyksny qyegfs hnfs"gfusub ufug ffx

"gey ce heysgffh`ye æf h`ye m`xm+ub

k`fglexsubug ` lnxs xekf`s hu n hmege YX@ ce 509 igs"g?

XM@0-q`hd`je&kl'; :l3i=eli=le91h1<cl0ci<=9=0`<8l0i1==e07cil11e5`l7ci5e=e8e807ce:107ci==`8ih<77iì<hhc7e170:0e90e==ee91i5955heh8lh9=851<08i9h5971=7

+++++IEJGF HEYSGLGH@SE+++++

KGGIjoHH@XzH@PPzCPWODn_Gm|hF@PEEIP@zNCEBK@dJ@0UEImKHP\U}CC@DIjF\I@jS@0LKYC

EiKIdJ@0UE@}KXU0FK_ZL5B8OWXI1_]F1GEFIKI3]CSd0KS@zNSGKGzF\n]CSd3KChzFSG

KGzF\nzWCEBK@dJ@0UEImKHP\U}CC@DIjF\I@jS@0LKYCE_KIhJ@0UEHmKPSZbuW97sGLI1eX

3jSMYdBoEBK@dJ@0UEH}KHP0K}J@_IjF\I@KSEbFSSJ\meXId_Z0|GMFbhf_bhoIhK@1JHXpJ

XGi8CPEI@PU@@1x@KEjHPPH8BH]hXhZu`1QLBdMIBk9\eopq@0L3YP=p1\oYgQ`lo}._.`ZM8g

qcK\|uOJ`.zL]i.fCLBCblZq$nHQzmIs\Q@jKI@@EzCPWODn_Gm|hF@PEEIP@CPP@yFLxgmZGo

Ii1CHxU1I|B9i|XzOyQEpLbdCp8L3K<EJusB7`}Eh@FZjiiEc@|FOC0ckEknZfw9:QfGKx<_N

_I

+++++EFC HEYSGLGH@SE+++++

Uf q`hmes N\L qn`se ff xsnh`s x"g cgxsygiugs `sés xui lnyk` ufug xgfjuy ffx

"gey

S@Y hu e}sefxg` &n|`" hés x"g h` n hnbehs

"ge ce ffx

"geye xeq`y se& Æf hùb q`hmesebny

&n|`" sn`se yeleygfs"ebe cgf cexhygqsny xe |ny xqehgffh` qygf h`be` yeb`sg| x

"g |ny qufhs`

e}hbuxg| hsye ffx"geye gfhbuxe æf `ymg|& Nycgfe` ffx

"geyebny cgf gfseygnyub `ymg|eg exse

igfe cefffgs" cuq huk uyke`?

0& cexhygqsny4

9& k`fglexs -c`h e}gxs'4

8& heysgffh`s -c`h e}gxs'4

95



3& yexsub ffx"geyebny æf nycgfe` æf h`ye `q`y æf cexhygqsny&

Xsyuhsuy` ffx"geyubug cexhygqsny |` ff qyeefs`s æf xehs

"gufe` uyksn`ye&

3&0&8 Cexhygqsnyub N\L

Sn`se kes`c`sebe yeleygsn`ye b` uf q`hmes N\L x"g hnfs

"gfusub `hexsug` xe xsn+

hme` æf ffx"geyub cexhygqsny& @hexs` exse uf cnhukefs ]KB e}sefxgigb h`ye qn`se

hnfs"gfe n j`k b`yj ce gflnyk`s

"gg" gfhbuxg| ces`bgg cexqye qyncux" heygfs

"e m`ycz`ye

x"g gflnyk`s

"gg cexqye bghefs

"geye&

Cexhygqsnyub hnfs"gfe æf knc nibgj`snygu uf ebekefs Ef|ebnqe& @hexs` exse xgf+

juyub ebekefs qeykgx qe qygkub fg|eb x"g exse yexqnfxìgb `sés qefsyu æfh`qxub`ye`

kes`c`sebny" hés x"g qefsyu cexhygeye` xsyuhsuygg q`hmesubug& Uf ebekefs Ef|ebnqe

hnfxs cgf uyksn`yebe qys"g?

• uf gfcgh`sny ce |eyxgufe" cefffgs ce UYG+uygbe xq`s" ggbny ce fuke ]KB4

• n bgxs ce yeleygfs"e hsye ffx

"geyebe e}seyfe h`ye l`h q`yse cgf q`hmes" cefffgs

qygf ebekefsebe Yeleyefhex x"g Lgbex& @hexse yeleygfs

"e xufs ce yejub cgxhuyg

|gysu`be" gk`jgfg GXN xù yexuyxe ce gfseyf`s"gnf`bg`ye4

• n qnys"gufe ce kes`c`se cefffgs qygf ebekefse ce xehs

"gufe4

• cexhygeye` hnfs"gfusubug qygf ebekefsub \gysu`bXwxsek qefsyu n xgfjuy k`x

"gf

|gysu`b" yexqehsg| ebekefsub \gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf qefsyu n hnbehs"ge ce

k`g kubse k`x"gfg |gysu`be4

• xqehgffh`ye` yexuyxebny ce gfseyf`s"gnf`bg`ye qefsyu eyn xù k`g kubse bgkig"

cefffgse ce hése uf ebekefs Xsygfjx qefsyu ffeh`ye bgki&

Yeleygfs"e

Bgxs` ce yeleygfs"e cexhygx qygf Yeleyefhex" ffgfc qb`x`s b` æfhequsub cnhukef+

subug" qeykgse ceseykgf`ye` gfsejygss"gg q`hmesubug l y ` ff fehex`y q`yhuyjeye`

æfsyejubug cexhygqsny& Yexuyxebe ce gfseyf`s"gnf`bg`ye" xqehgffh`se qygf ebekefsebe

Xsygfjx" syeiuge x `q`y x"g æf xehs

"gufe` ce yeleygfs

"e qefsyu ` quse` ff yejxgse&

Lgeh`ye ebekefs Lgbe |` `|e` uf gcefsgffh`sny ufgh æf gfseygnyub q`hmesubug& Gcef+

sgffh`snyub xe xqehgffh qygf `sygiusub n|l?gc& H be` ffx" geyebny yeleygse xe xqehgffhqygf `sygiusub n|l?myel" h`ye hnfs

"gfe uf UYB& Cnu ebekefse Lgbe cgleygse fu qns

`|e` `heb`x"g UYB& Cgkefxgufe` ufug ffx

"gey qn`se ff xqehgffh`s æf nhses

"g qygf `sygiusub

nqs"gnf`b n|l?xge&Lgx

"geyebe qns ff hnkqygk se hu `bjnygskub jgq& Æf hùb ufug ffx

"gey hnkqygk`s"

`sygiusub n|l?hnkqyexxgnf |` bu` |`bn`ye` )jgq)& Æf h` hnfsy`y" `sygiusubug |``|e` |`bn`ye` )gcefsgsw) xù æfsyejub `sygius |` ff nkgx&

Qns e}gxs` xgsu`s"gg æf h`ye hnkqyexg` æf xgfe fu yecuhe xuffhgefs cgkefxgufe`

ffx"geyebny qefsyu ` x`sgxl`he yexsyghs

"ggbe xgxsekubug& Æf `hexse hùyg ffx

"geyebe -hnkqyg+

k`se xù fehnkqygk`se' xe qns cg|g` æf k`g kubse iuhs"g& Cgkefxgufe` iuhs

"gbny

xe |` xqehgffh` qygf gfseykecgub `sygiusubug n|l?hmufdXge& Sn`se iuh

s"

gbe |ny `|e``hee`x"g cgkefxgufe" hu e}heqs

"g` ubsgkubug" h`ye qn`se `|e` n cgkefxgufe k`g kgh&

9<



Uyksnyub ly`jkefs ce ]KB e}ekqbgffh cgleygse sgquyg ce yeleygfs"e?

2Lgbe n|l?gc;)cgxd0) n|l?myel;)cgxd0&|kcd).6

2Lgbe n|l?gc;)cgxd9) n|l?myel;)cgxd9&|kcd) n|l?xge;)58<=:17091)

n|l?hmufdXge;)903:3=8<3=).62Lgbe n|l?gc;)gxn0) n|l?myel;)yexnuyhex.gk`je0&gxn).6

2Lgbe n|l?gc;)gxn9)

n|l?myel;)mssq?..kwzeixgse.yexnuyhex.gk`je9&gxn).6

Hnfs"gfus

Hnfffjuy`s"g` k`x

"gfgbny |gysu`be exse cexhygx ce ufub cgfsye uyksn`yebe cnu

ebekefse? \gysu`bXwxsek xù \gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf& @sés `hexse ebekefseychgf" hés x

"g cexhefcefs

"gg bny ce qe qygkub fg|eb ù hése uf gcefsgffh`sny ufgh

n|l?gc& Ce `xekefe`" sn`se ebekefsebe cgf `he`xs xuixehs"gufe hnfs

"gf æf knc nibg+

j`snygu uf ebekefs Gfln x"

g qns hnfs"

gfe nqs"

gnf`b uf ebekefs F`ke& Ebekefsub Gflnyeqyegfs n xhuys cexhygeye se}su`b ` efsgss

"gg" g`y ebekefsub F`ke hnfs

"gfe uf fuke

cexsgf`s `ffx"ygg -exse xuqux keh`fgxkubug ce gfseyf`s

"gnf`bg`ye'&

Ebekefsub \gysu`bXwxsek cexhyge n xgfjuy k`x"gf |gysu`b x

"g xe hnkqnys h`

uf xgkqbu hnfs`gfey qefsyu ebekefsebe ce xehs"gufe h`ye cexhygu m`ycz`ye+ub |gysu`b

x"g cg|eyxe `bse yexuyxe& Xsyuhsuy` ufug ebekefs \gysu`bXwxsek exse uyksn`ye`?

2\gysu`bXwxsek n|l?gc;)xgkqbe+`qq)6

2Gfln6N k`x"

gf |gysu`b2.Gfln6

2F`ke6@q`y`s |gysu`b xgkqbu2.F`ke6

2XnkeXehsgnf6

2!++ Uf ebekefs ce xehs"gufe ++62.XnkeXehsgnf6

2!++ @ghg qns `qye` k`g kubse xehs"

gufg ++6

2.\gysu`bXwxsek6

Ebekefsub \gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf yeqyegfs n hnbehs"ge ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be

x"g qn`se hnfs

"gfe ebekefse \gysu`bXwxsek x

"g \gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf" qe béfj

ebekefsebe ce xehs"gufe& Æf lebub `hexse xe qns hye` hnfffjuy`s

"gg ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be

`yigsy`y ce hnkqbe}e& Xsyuhsuy` ufug ebekefs \gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf exse uy+ksn`ye`?

2\gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf n|l?gc;)hnkqbe}+`qq)62Gfln6N hnbehs

"ge ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be2.Gfln6

2F`ke6@q`y`s |gysu`b hnkqbe}2.F`ke6

2XnkeXehsgnf6

2!++ Uf ebekefs ce xehs"

gufe ++6

2.XnkeXehsgnf6

2!++ @ghg qns `qye` k`g kubse xehs"

gufg ++6

2\gysu`bXwxsek6

2!++ N k`x"

gf |gysu`b ++6

2.\gysu`bXwxsek6

2!++ @ghg qns `qye` k`g kubse ebekefse \gysu`bXwxsek xù

\gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf++62.\gysu`bXwxsek6

9:



Ebekefsebe ce xehs"gufe qyecefffgse xufs cexhygxe æf sìeb` 3&0& Xs`fc`ycub N\L

cefffex"se n xehs

"gufe ce i` fukgs \gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf h`ye cexhyge xqehgffh`s

"g`

m`ycz`ye ` k`x"gfgg |gysu`be" x

"g ehe xehs

"gufg ce kes`c`se h`ye cexhygu kes`c`se

exefs"g`be qefsyu gfxs`b ye` q`hmesubug& Qe béfj `hexse xehs

"gufg qyecefffgse" N\L

qeykgse luyfgnygbny ce `q`y`se |gysu`be x cefffe`xh xehs" gufg q`ysghub`yg`se qygfkeh`fgxkub ce e}sgfceye qyeefs`s æf 3&0&3

Sìeb` 3&0? Ebekefse ce xehs"gufe qyecefffgse æf N\L

Fuke x"g cexhygeye Qygfse Kubs&

\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf

Xqehgffh m`ycz`ye+ub |gysu`b fehex`yqefsyu n k`x

"gf |gysu`b

\gysu`bXwxsek 0&&/

CgxdXehsgnf

Hnfs"

gfe kes`gflnyk`s"

gg cexqye sn`secgxhuygbe |gysu`be cgf q`hmes Ef|ebnqe 1&&/

FesznydXehsgnf

Cexhyge yes"ebebe |gysu`be lnbnxgse æf q`hmes

Ef|ebnqe 1&&/

Yexnuyhe@bbnh`sgnfXehsgnf

Xqehgffh kncub ce `bnh`ye ` yexuyxebny\gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf 1&&/

@ffns`sgnfXehsgnf

Xqehgffh `cfnsyg qefsyu n efsgs`se\gysu`bXwxsek

\gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf1&&/

QyncuhsXehsgnf

Xqehgffh gflnyk`s"gg cexqye qyncux?

fuke" |eyxgufe" qynqyges

s"

g hnfffjuyìgbe

\gysu`bXwxsek


Eub`Xehsgnf

Xqehgffh `hnycub ce bghefs" qefsyu

n efsgs`se cgf q`hmes

\gysu`bXwxsek


Xs`ysuqXehsgnf

Xqehgffh kncub æf h`ye k`x"gf`

|gysu`b qn`se ff qnyfgs\gysu`bXwxsekHnbbehsgnf 1&&/

CeqbnwkefsNqsgnfXehsgnf

Xqehgffh heygfs"ebe ce yexuyxe qefsyu

q`hmesEf|ebnqe 1&&/

Nqey`sgfjXwxsekXehsgnf

Xqehgffh xgxsekub ce nqey`ye n`xqs gfxs`b`sqe k`x

"gf` |gysu`b

\gysu`bXwxsek 1&&/

Gfxs`bb`sgnfXehsgnf

Xqehgffh l`qsub h k`x"gf` |gysu`b syeiuge

gfgs"g`b qnyfgs qefsyu ` gfxs`b` x

"g hnfffjuy`

xnlsz`ye+ub

\gysu`bXwxsek 1&&/

E}ekqbub 0 cgf `fe}` @ qyegfs cexhygqsnyub hnkqbes `b ufug q`hmes N\L sgqgh"lnyk`s cgfsy+n xgfjuy k`x

"gf |gysu`b&

9=



3&0&3 E}sefxgigbgs`se

Xqehgffh`s"g` nley k`g kubse qnxgigbgss

"g qefsyu `cuj`ye` ebekefsebny ce kes`+

c`se qeyxnf`bg`se" cuq huk uyke`?

• xe qns cefffg fng ebekefse ce xehs"gufe h`ye xe qns usgbg` nygufce qeykgs xhme+

kebe N\L4

• xhmekebe N\L lnbnxexh uf knceb ce hnfs"gfus cexhmgx" æf h`ye sn`se sgquygbe

e}gxsefse qns ff e}sgfxe hu ebekefse `cgs"gnf`be4

• xhmekebe N\L qeykgs `cuj`ye` ufny `sygiuse fng b` ebekefsebe qyecefffgse&

E}sefxggbe fu |ny lnbnxg xq`s"ggbe ce fuke ]KB cefffgse æf xqehgffh`s

"ge" hg |ny

`|e` xq`s"gg ce fuke qynqygg& Ebekefsebe q`ysghub`ye |ny `|e` uf `sygius innbe`f

n|l?yepugyec h`ye xqehgffh

c`h

qyeefs"

` ebekefsub exse nibgj`snyge x`u nqs"

gnf`b

&Uf hnfxuk`sny" h`ye æfsy+uf q`hmes cesehse` n e}sefxge nibgj`snyge qe h`ye fu nqn`se gfseyqyes`" |` yexqgfje q`hmesub yexqehsg|&

Xqehgffh`s"g` cefffex

"se syeg fg|ebuyg ce hnflnykgs`se" fg|ebub 0 ffgfc heb k`g yexsygh+

sg|?

0& cexhygqsnyub N\L hnfs"gfe cn`y xehs

"gufg" ebekefse x

"g sygiuse cefffgse æf xqehgffh`+

s"ge4

9& cexhygqsnyub N\L hnfs"gfe xehs

"gufg" ebekefse x

"g `sygiuse q`ysghub`yg`se h`ye fu

xufs cefffgse æf xqehgffh`s"ge" c`y sn`se `hexse e}sefxgg xe qns hnfxgcey` nqs

"gnf`be4

8& cexhygqsnyub N\L hnfs"gfe xehs

"gufg" ebekefse x

"g `sygiuse q`ysghub`yg`se h`ye fu

xufs cefffgse æf xqehgffh`s"ge x

"g heb qus

"gf uf` cgfsye e}sefxgg exse nibgj`snyge& Æf

`hexs h` cefffgs"g` e}sefxggbny nibgj`snygg |` ff quibgh`s æfsy+n xhmek ]KB

h`ye xe |` gfhbuce æf cexhygqsny&

3&0&5 Xs`sux

N\L x+` fxhus cgf gfgs"g`sg|` hnkuf ` k`g kubsny luyfgnyg gkqnys`fs

"g cgf

gfcuxsyg` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be& Æf hnfxehgfs"" lnyk`sub N\L exse yehufnxhus ce fu+

keyn`xe qyncuxe x"g qb`slnyke ce |gysu`bg`ye" qygfsye h`ye \gysu`bIn}" \Kz`ye"

Yec M`s Efseyqygxe \gysu`bg`sgnf" Ny`hbe \K" esh& Cgfsye xnbus" ggbe hbnuc h`ye ækiys

"gx

"e` xs`fc`ycub N\L `kgfsgk GIK Xk`ysHbnuc" yQ`sm x

"g NqefFnce&

3&0&< Cgyehs"gg ce ce|nbs`ye

Xhnqub |eyxgufgg `hsu`be ` xqehgffh`s"geg N\L exse x nleye n xnbus

"ge qefsyu ækq`+

hmes ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be x"g x ux

"uyee cexl x

"uy`ye` `hexsny` qe cgleygse qb`slnyke

ce |gysu`bg`ye& Æf qyeefs xs`fc`ycub N\L fu `cyexe` qynibek` jexsgnfygg `q`+y`sebny |gysu`be& \eyxgufg |ggsn`ye `be xs`fc`ycubug `y quse` gfhbuce kes`c`se h`yex xqehgffhe kncub æf h`ye `q`y`sub |gysu`b qn`se gfsey`hs

"gnf` hu qynhexe x

"g xgxseke

e}seyfe&

97



Cex"g lnyk`sub N\L qn`se cexhyge hnfffjuy`s

"gg hnkqbe}e" æf qyeefs fu exse qn+

xgigb hnkqufeye` q`hmesebny e}gxsefse& N `xsleb ce qnxgigbgs`se `y quse` ff usgb æfhùb æf h`ye n xnbus

"ge æfh`qxub`s æfsy+uf uf q`hmes N\L xekf`s syeiuge qb`x`s

æfsy+uf hnfse}s fnu T0<[&

3&9 Xs`fc`ycub Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefs Gfsey+l`he -HCKG'

HCKG exse uf xs`fc`yc ce|nbs`s ce XFG@ x"g cexsgf`s ce|nbs`snygbny ce `qbgh`s

"gg

h`ye usgbge` yexuyxe ce xsnh`ye æf hbnuc& Cnhukefse` kncub æf h`ye xe qns `hhex`c`sebe xsnh`se æf hbnuc& HCKG qn`se ff usgbg`s qefsyu ` hye`" `hhex`" kncgffh` xùx"seyje nigehse cgf hbnuc& Qygfhgq`bebe l`hgbgss

"g nleygse ce HCKG xufs uyksn`yebe?

• qeykgse hbgefs" gbny x cexhnqeye h`qìgbgss" gbe nleygse ce xey|ghgub ce xsnh`ye æfhbnuc4

• l`hgbgse` jexsgnf`ye` hnfs`gfeyebny x"g ` c`sebny xsnh`se æf `hexse`4

• qeykgse `xnhgeye` kes`c`sebny b` hnfs`gfeye x"g nigehsebe hnfs

"gfuse&


N knc`bgs`se qygf h`ye xe ye`bge` xsnh`ye` x"g yejxgye` c`sebny xe fukex

"se h`be

ce c`se & Uf keh`fgxk h`ye qeykgse jexsgnf`ye` c`sebny qn`ys cefukgye` ce h`be ce

hnsynb & Xs`fc`ycub xqehgffh hése n gfseyl`s"

qefsyu `kiebe keh`fgxke& Gfseyles"

ebenleygse ce HCKG T0:[ xe iè` qe qygfhgqggbe YEXS x"g qynsnhnbub MSSQ&

HCKG usgbge` kes`c`se qefsyu hnfffjuy`ye` xey|ghgubug ce xsnh`ye& Sgquygbece kes`c`se yehufnxhuse ce HCKG xufs? kes`c`se MSSQ" kes`c`se ce usgbg`sny"kes`c`sebe xgxsekubug ce c`se x

"g kes`c`se xqehgffhe xgxsekubug ce xsnh`ye& Kes +

c`sebe xgxsekubug ce c`se xufs qeyehmg hmege+|`bn`ye xqehgffh`se ce hbgefsub HCKGx"g l`h q`yse cgf hnkqnfefs

"` nigehsebny& @hexse kes`c`se xqehgffh heygfs

"ebe `xnhg+

`se xey|ghggbny ce c`se h`ye xufs cexl x"uy`se æf xgxsekub ce xsnh`ye æf hbnuc& Nyghe

nigehs qb`x`s æfsy+uf hnfs`gfey knx"sefex

"se kes`c`sebe hnfs`gfeyubug& Uf fnu hnf+

s`gfey hye`s æf gfseygnyub ufug `bs hnfs`gfey knx"sefex

"se" ce `xekefe`" kes`c`sebe

q

ygfs"

gbny& Kes`c`sebe xgxsekubug ce xsnh`ye xufs kes`c`se jefey`se ce xey|ghggbe cexsnh`ye" ce e}ekqbu sgkqub hyeygg xù cgkefxgufe` nigehsubug ce c`se&Xs`fc`ycub HCKG gfsyncuhe" ce `xekefe`" fns

"gufe` ce cnkefgu" qygf h`ye xe

ye`bge` `xnhgeye` ufny qynqygess"gg `ckgfgxsy`sg|e b` nigehsebe xsnh`se& Cnkefggbe

cgf HCKG qeykgs?

• ceseykgf`ye` kncubug æf h`ye qyeynj`sg|ebe ce usgbg`sny xe k`qe` qexseqeykgxggbe usgbg`se æfsy+uf @hhexx Hnfsynb Bgxs -@HB'4

• `bnh`ye` ufny qyg|gbejgg xqehgffhe kncebubug hbnuc hnkqusgfj4

• cebej`ye` yexqnfxìgbgss"gg ùsefsgffhygg usgbg`snygbny hsye keh`fgxke e}seyfe

-ce e}ekqbu BC@Q xù @hsg|e Cgyehsnyw'&

81



3&9&9 Nigehse

Sgquygbe ce nigehse cgf xs`fc`ycub HCKG xufs qyeefs`se æf sìeb` 3&9& Nygheyexuyx qn`se ff gcefsgffh`s æf knc ufgh ufgh qygf gfseykecgub ufug UYG&

Sìeb` 3&9? Sgquyg ce yexuyxe æf HCKGSgq Cexhygeye

C`seNigehsebe ce c`se xsnhme` |`bnyg& Nley n lufhs

"gnf`bgs`se

xgkgb`y hu he` ` ffx"geyebny cgfsy+uf xgxsek ce ffx

"geye&

Hnfs`gfey

Nigehsebe ce sgq hnfs`gfey qns `|e` eyn xù k`g kubs"g

cexhefcefs"g" c`y fu xsnhme` |`bnyg æf knc cgyehs& Nley n

lufhs"gnf`bgs`se xgkgb`y hu he` ` cgyehsn`yebny cgfsy+uf xgxsek

ce ffx"geye&

CnkefguNigehsebe ce sgq cnkefgu yeqyegfs jyuqyg `ckgfgxsy`sg|eh`ye l`hgbgse` ùsefsgffh`ye` usgbg`snygbny&

Hn`cHngbe xufs hnbehs

"gg ce eyn xù k`g kubse |`bnyg h`ye xe qns

`hhex` æf k`fgey LGLN&

H`qìgbgs`seNigehsebe ce sgq h`qìgbgs`se cexhygu lufhs

"gnf`bgs`se`

gkqbekefs`s ce hsye xey|eyub HCKG& Xe lnbnxexh ce hsyehbgefs qefsyu ` cexhnqeyg lufhs

"gnf`bgs`se` nleygs&

Lgjuy` 3&0? Kncebub nigehs HCKG

Sn`se nigehsebe cgfsy+uf xgxsek hnkq`sgigb hu xs`fc`ycub HCKG |ny `|e` ufgcefsgffh`sny ufgh -GC' `xgjf`s nigehsubug æf knkefsub hyeygg& GC+uygbe nigehsebnyxufs x

"gyuyg ce h`y`hseye ` hyny lnyk`s exse cefffgs ce xqehgffh`s

"g` HCKG qefsyu ` xe

`xgjuy` ufghgs`se` `hexsny`& Lgeh`ye hbgefs HCKG |` quse` qyncuhe GC+uyg l y xe}gxse ygxhub ufug hnfghs hu GC+uygbe `bsug luyfgny&

HCKG cefffex"se cnu xq`s

"gg ce fuke h`ye xe qns lnbnxg qefsyu `hhex`ye` nigehse+

bny? ufub qb`s" i``s qe GC+ub nigehsebny" x"g ufub gey`ymgh" i``s qe fuke& Ce e}ek+

qbu" qyexuquféfc h nigehsub hu GC+ub )1111<LLC110110HHE8I9I3L<19189<58)

80



qn`ys fukebe )KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s)" uyksn`yebe cnu UYG+uyg xe yeley b` `heb`x"g

nigehs?

mssq?..hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk.ynns.KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s

mssq?..hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk.ynns.hckgR^nioehsgc.1111<LLC110110HHE8I9I3L<19189<58

Fnsk h `hhexub qygf GC exse qeykgx cn`y æf h`ye luyfgnyub e}qufe h`qìgbgs`se`hckg^nioehs^`hhexxîw^GC&

Qefsyu ` elehsu` nqey`s"gg ce xsnh`ye x

"g yejxgye" hbgefsub syeiuge x ffe hnfx

"sgefs

cn`y ce nigehsebe ce sgq hnfs`gfey x"g nigehsebe ce c`se& Gkqbekefsygbe hgg ce c`se

|ny syeiug x xqygogfe heb qus"gf uf fg|eb ce hnfs`gfeye" xs`fc`ycub qeykgse æfx x

"g

gey`ymgg k`g hnkqbe}e& Usgbgéfc kncebub nigehs cgf ffjuy` 3&0" hbgefsub qn`se sygkgsen xnbghgs`ye QUS hsye uf UYG qefsyu ` hye` uf hnfs`gfey qe h`be` xqehgffh`s& Cuqhye`ye` hnfs`gfeyub" hbgefsub qn`se hye` fng nigehse ce c`se qygf `heb`x

"g keh`fgxk&

Yej

xgye` nigehsebny xe qn`se ye`bg` qygf usgbg`ye` |eyiubug JES& Xehs"

gufe` 3&9&8nley k`g kubse ces`bgg cexqye nqey`s"ggbe qeykgxe ce xqehgffh`s

"g` HCKG& Yexuyxebe

xufs yec`se qygf qynsnhnbub MSSQ usgbgéfc lnyk`sebe OXNF x"g se}s&

Nigehse ce c`se

Nigehsebe ce c`se yeqyegfs hnkqnfefs` lufc`kefs`b ce xsnh`ye cgf HCKG x"g

xufs `f`bn`je hu ffx"geyebe cgfsy+uf xgxsek ce ffx

"geye& Lgeh ye nigehs ce c`se `ye uf

xes ce hékquyg igfe cefffgse" cuq huk uyke`?

• uf xgfjuy hékq ce |`bn`ye4

• k`g kubse hékquyg ce kes`c`se nqs"gnf`be&

Sn`se nigehsebe ce c`se ù æf knc nibgj`snygu uf qygfse ce b` h`ye knx"sefexh

kes`c`sebe fexqehgffh`se e}qbghgs qefsyu nigehs& Ce e}ekqbu" yexuyx` )iucjes&}bx)xsnh`s qe h`be` cgf UYG+ub ce k`g onx knx

"sefex

"se kes`c`sebe hnfs`gfeyubug qygfse

)fff`fhe)?

mssq?..hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk.lgf`fhe.iucjes&}bx

Hékquygbe gfcg|gcu`be `be ufug nigehs xe qns `hhex` xqehgffhéfc fukebe hékqubug

cuq UYG+ub nigehsubug?

mssq?..hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk.c`s`nioehs>|`bue

Xe qn`se" ce `xekefe`" xqehgffh` n bgxs ce k`g kubse hékquyg" xeq`y`se qygf qufhsx"g |gyjub" ce e}ekqbu?

mssq?..hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk.c`s`nioehs>|`bue4kes`c`s`

89



Nigehse ce sgq hnfs`gfey

Nigehsebe ce sgq hnfs`gfey xufs i`` keh`fgxkubug ce jyuq`ye ` c`sebny cgfHCKG x

"g xufs `f`bn`je hu cgyehsn`yebe cgfsy+uf xgxsek ce ffx

"geye& Lgeh`ye hnfs`gfey

`ye eyn xù k`g kubse nigehse hnqgb x"

g uf xes ce hékquyg igfe cefffgse ce kes`c`se&Hnfs`gfeyebe gkiygh`se |ny `|e` uf hnfs`gfey qygfse" æf knc xgkgb`y nigehsebnyce c`se& Æf `hexs knceb gey`ymgh hnfs`gfeyub hnqgb knx

"sefex

"se kes`c`se x

"g xesyg ce

hnfsynb ce b` hnfs`gfeyub qygfse&Qygfhgqggbe ce `hhex qyeefs`se qefsyu nigehsebe ce c`se xufs |`bìgbe x

"g qefsyu

nigehsebe ce sgq hnfs`gfey&

Nigehse ce sgq cnkefgu

Cnkefggbe yeqyegfs hnfheqsub ce qnxexge `ckgfgxsy`sg| ` c`sebny xsnh`se æfxgxsekub HCKG& N xnbus

"ge HCKG qn`se nleyg n gey`ymge ce cnkefgg qefsyu ` l`hgbgs`

`hhexub b` gflnyk`s" gg bej`se ce kncub ce `ckgfgxsy`ye ` yexuyxebny& Lgeh`ye cnkefguhnyexqufce ufug jyuq bnjgh ce nigehse h`ye xe jexsgnfe` ækqyeuf& Cnkefggbel`hgbgse` nqey`s

"ggbe ce l`hsuy`ye x

"g jexsgnf`ye sgqghe xgxsekebny ce xsnh`ye æf hbnuc&

Nigehsebe ce cnkefgu xufs hye`se æf hnfs`gfeyub hckg^cnk`gfx h`ye xe jxex"se

b` UYG+ub ce ychgf ` xgxsekubug ce xsnh`ye&

Nigehse ce sgq hn`c

Hngbe nley n knc`bgs`se ce `hhex LGLN qefsyu nqey`s"ggbe ce xsnh`ye x

"g yejxgye

` c`sebny& HCKG e}qufe uf keh`fgxk xgkqbu h`ye qeykgse k`g kubsny nigehsex sygkgs c`se æfsy+n hn`c `hhexgigb ufug xgfjuy nigehs hgsgsny& B` leb h` sn`senigehsebe cgf xqehgffh`s

"g` HCKG" hngbe xufs gcefsgffh`se qygf hése uf GC ufgh&

Nigehsebe ce sgq hn`c qns `|e` uf nigehs qygfse -æfsnsceùf` uf nigehs ce sgqhnfs`gfey'" h` æf h`ye knx

"sefexh kes`c`sebe `hexsug`&

Nigehse ce h`qìgbgss"g

Nigehsebe ce h`qìgbgss"g qeykgs hbgefsubug x cexhnqeye h`ye exse xuikubs

"gke` ce

lufhs"gnf`bgss

"g cgf xs`fc`ycub HCKG gkqbekefs`s ce hsye luyfgny& H`qìgbgss

"gbe

cexhygu sn`se nqey`s"ggbe h`ye xe qns elehsu` `xuqy` ufug UYG cgf xgxsekub ce xsnh`ye&

H`qìgbgss"gbe xufs xs`sghe x

"g xe cefffexh ce hsye luyfgny&

Lgeh`ye nigehs ce c`se" hnfs`gfey" cnkefgu xù hn`c |` `|e` uf hékq fukgsh`qìgbgsgexUYG" h`ye hnfs

"gfe UYG+ub nigehsubug ce h`qìgbgss

"g `xnhg`s `hexsug`&

Nigehsub ce h`qìgbgss"g hnfs

"gfe fukebe h`qìgbgss

"gbny nigehsubug hyug` æg exse `xn+

hg`s& Lgeh`ye h`qìgbgs`se `ye n xekfgffh`s"ge qyecefffgs& Xqehgffh`s

"g` HCKG e}qufe n

kubs"gke ce h`qìgbgss

"g qyecefffgse" g`y `hexse` qns ff e}sgfxe hu h`qìgbgss

"g cefffgse

ce luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg&Cen`yehe ffeh`ye hnfs`gfey x

"g nigehs hnfs

"gfus `ye `xnhg`s uf nigehs ce h`qìgbgss

"g"

h`qìgbgss"gbe lnyke` n gey`ymge gkqbghgs h`ye uyke` gey`ymg` nigehsebny b` h`ye

xufs `xnhg`se& Lgjuy` 3&9 qyegfs uf e}ekqbu ce gey`ymge ce hnfs`gfeye x"g h`qìgbgss

"gbe

`xnhg`se ffehyug`&

88



Lgjuy` 3&9? Gey`ymge ce h`qìgbgss"g

3&9&8 Nqey`s"gg

Æf `he`xs xehs"gufe xe qyegfs qygfhgq`be nqey`s

"gg qeykgxe `xuqy` nigehsebny cgf

xs`fc`ycub HCKG& Nqey`s"ggbe xe ye`bge` hu òusnyub |eyiebny MSSQ& E}ekqbebe

xufs nygefs`sg|e x"g usgbge` uyksn`yebe hnf|efs

"gg?

• xnbghgsygbe sygkgxe hsye luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg xufs k`yh`se qygf xekfub 64

• yxqufxub xey|eyubug exse e|gcefs"g`s qygf xekfub 24

Cexhnqeygye` h`qìgbgss"gbny luyfgnyubug ce xey|ghgg

Xe qn`se ye`bg` usgbgéfc |eyiub JES `xuqy` UYG+ubug ce h`qìgbgss"g `xnhg`s

nigehsubug ce gfseyex?

6 JES .hckg^h`qìgbgsgex. MSSQ.0&0

6 Mnxs? hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk6 @hheqs? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+h`qìgbgsw

6 ]+HCKG+Xqehglgh`sgnf+\eyxgnf? 0&1&9

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 Hnfsefs+Swqe? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+h`qìgbgsw


2 t

2 )nioehsSwqe) ? )`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+h`qìgbgsw)"

2 )nioehsGC) ? )1111:E:L1101HEH983@C7E8EILE7580C)"

2 )nioehsF`ke) ? )hckg^h`qìgbgsgex.)"

2 )q`yefsUYG) ? ).)"2 )q`yefsGC) ? )1111:E:L1101CHEHH=15LI<C075CCIHI)"

83



2 )h`qìgbgsgex) ? t

2 )hckg^cnk`gfx) ? )syue)"

2 )hckgê}qnys^flx) ? )syue)"

2 )hckgê}qnys^zeic`|) ? )syue)"

2 )hckgê}qnys^gxhxg) ? )syue)"2 )hckg^pueuex) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^fnsglgh`sgnf) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^pueyw) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^kes`c`s`^k`}xge) ? )317<)"

2 )hckg^kes`c`s`^k`}gsekx) ? )0193)"

2 )hckg^xge) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^bgxs^hmgbcyef) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^ye`c^kes`c`s`) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^kncglw^kes`c`s`) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^hye`se^hnfs`gfey) ? )syue)"

2 )hckg^cebese^hnfs`gfey) ? )syue)2 {"

2 )hmgbcyefy`fje) ? )1+8)"

2 )hmgbcyef) ? T

2 )cnk`gf.)"

2 )hnfs`gfey.)"

2 )c`s`nioehs.)"

2 )pueue.)

2 [

2 {

Hye`ye` ufug fnu hnfs`gfey

Xe qn`se elehsu` lnbnxgfc |eyiub QUS x"g qyehgéfc UYG+ubug fnubug hnfs`gfey?

6 QUS .KwHnfs`gfey.MSSQ.0&0

6 Mnxs? hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk

6 @hheqs? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+hnfs`gfey

6 Hnfsefs+Swqe? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+hnfs`gfey


6 t

6 )kes`c`s`) ? t

6 {6 {

2 MSSQ.0&0 910 Hye`sec



2 t

2 )nioehsSwqe) ? )`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+hnfs`gfey)"

2 )nioehsGC) ? )1111:E:L11019E981EC=9<73C@@7:5C9)"

2 )nioehsF`ke) ? )KwHnfs`gfey.)"

2 )q`yefsUYG) ? ).)"

2 )q`yefsGC) ? )1111:E:L110109=E39C=:EE83L5@<5<1)"2 )cnk`gfUYG) ? ).hckg^cnk`gfx.KwCnk`gf.)"

85



2 )h`qìgbgsgexUYG) ? ).hckg^h`qìgbgsgex.hnfs`gfey.)"

2 )hnkqbesgnfXs`sux) ? )Hnkqbese)"

2 )kes`c`s`) ? t

2 )hckg^xge) ? )1)

2 {"2 )hmgbcyefy`fje) ? ))"

2 )hmgbcyef) ? T

2 [

2 {

Hye`ye` ufug nigehs ce c`se æfsy+uf hnfs`gfey

Xe qn`se ye`bg` qygf |eyiub QUS" qyehgéfc UYG+ub b` h`ye xe xnbghgs hye`ye`fnubug nigehs ce c`se& Xe |` luyfg` yeqyeefs`ye` nigehsubug cexhygx æf lnyk sub`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs" uf lnyk`s i``s qe OXNF?

6 QUS .KwHnfs`gfey.KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s MSSQ.0&0


6 @hheqs? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs

6 Hnfsefs+Swqe? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs


6 t

6 )kgkeswqe) ? )se}s.qb`gf)"

6 )kes`c`s`) ? t

6 {"

6 )|`bue) ? )Mebbn HCKG Znybc!)

6 {

2 MSSQ.0&0 910 Hye`sec

2 Hnfsefs+Swqe? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs


2 t

2 )nioehsSwqe) ? )`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs)"

2 )nioehsGC) ? )1111:E:L1101IC0HI=LL0=98HL15IEE3)"

2 )nioehsF`ke) ? )KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s)"

2 )q`yefsUYG) ? ).KwHnfs`gfey.)"

2 )q`yefsGC) ? )1111:E:L11019E981EC=9<73C@@7:5C9)"

2 )cnk`gfUYG) ? ).hckg^cnk`gfx.KwCnk`gf.)"2 )h`qìgbgsgexUYG) ? ).hckg^h`qìgbgsgex.c`s`nioehs.)"

2 )hnkqbesgnfXs`sux) ? )Hnkqbese)"

2 )kgkeswqe) ? )se}s.qb`gf)"

2 )kes`c`s`) ? t

2 )hckg^xge) ? )0:)

2 {

2 {

Bgxs`ye` hnfs"gfusubug ufug hnfs`gfey

@he`xs nqey`s" ge xe qn`se ye`bg` qygf gfseykecgub |eyiubug JES" æf lebub uyksny?

8<



6 JES .KwHnfs`gfey. MSSQ.0&0


6 @hheqs? /./


2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND



2 t

2 )nioehsSwqe) ? )`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+hnfs`gfey)"

2 )nioehsGC) ? )1111:E:L11019E981EC=9<73C@@7:5C9)"

2 )nioehsF`ke) ? )KwHnfs`gfey.)"

2 )q`yefsUYG) ? ).)"

2 )q`yefsGC) ? )1111:E:L110109=E39C=:EE83L5@<5<1)"

2 )cnk`gfUYG) ? ).hckg^cnk`gfx.KwCnk`gf.)"

2 )h`qìgbgsgexUYG) ? ).hckg^h`qìgbgsgex.hnfs`gfey.)"2 )hnkqbesgnfXs`sux) ? )Hnkqbese)"

2 )kes`c`s`) ? t

2 )hckg^xge) ? )=8)

2 {"

2 )hmgbcyefy`fje) ? )1+1)"

2 )hmgbcyef) ? T

2 )KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s)

2 [

2 {

Hgsgye` hnfs" gfusubug ufug nigehs ce c`se

Xe qn`se ye`bg` qygf |eyiub JES& Yeubs`sub æfsnyx ce luyfgny |` ff æf lnyk`s`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs x

"g |` hnfs

"gfe yeqyeefs`ye` hnkqbes ` nigehsubug ce

c`se?

6 JES .KwHnfs`gfey.KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s MSSQ.0&0


6 @hheqs? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs


2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND2 Hnfsefs+Swqe? `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs


2 t

2 )nioehsSwqe)? )`qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs)"

2 )nioehsGC)? )1111:E:L1101IC0HI=LL0=98HL15IEE3)"

2 )nioehsF`ke)? )KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s)"

2 )q`yefsUYG)? ).KwHnfs`gfey.)"

2 )q`yefsGC) ? )1111:E:L11019E981EC=9<73C@@7:5C9)"

2 )cnk`gfUYG)? ).hckg^cnk`gfx.KwCnk`gf.)"

2 )h`qìgbgsgexUYG)? ).hckg^h`qìgbgsgex.c`s`nioehs.)"

2 )hnkqbesgnfXs`sux)? )Hnkqbese)"2 )kgkeswqe)? )se}s.qb`gf)"

8:



2 )kes`c`s`)? t

2 )hckg^xge)? )0:)

2 {"

2 )|`buesy`fxleyefhncgfj)? )usl+=)"

2 )|`buey`fje)? )1+0<)"2 )|`bue)? )Mebbn HCKG Znybc!)

2 {

Hgsgye` |`bnygg ufug nigehs ce c`se

Æf hùb æf h`ye hbgefsub exse gfseyex`s cn`y ce |`bn`ye` nigehsubug ce c`se" xe|` sygkgse n xnbghgs`ye h`ye fu `hheqs sgqub `qqbgh`sgnf.hckg+nioehs& Æf `hexsh` luyfgnyub æfsn`yhe cn`y |`bn`ye` nigehsubug æf lnyk`sub xqehgffh`s ce `sygiusub

kgkeswqe `b `hexsug`?

6 JES .KwHnfs`gfey.KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s MSSQ.0&06 Mnxs? hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk

6 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

6 Hnfsefs+Swqe? se}s.qb`gf

6 Mebbn HCKG Znybc!

X"

seyjeye` ufug nigehs ce c`se

X"seyjeye` c`sebny xe qn`se elehsu` qygf gfseykecgub |eyiubug CEBESE?

6 CEBESE .KwHnfs`gfey.KwC`s`Nioehs&s}s MSSQ.0&06 Mnxs? hbnuc&e}`kqbe&hnk


2 MSSQ.0&0 913 Fn Hnfsefs

3&9&3 Xs`sux

Æf qyeefs XFG@ ce|nbs n gkqbekefs`ye ce yeleygfs" æf O`|`" nleygs xui bghefs

"

IXC& Gkqbekefs`ye` ce yeleygfs" gfhbuce ufebe lufhs

"gnf`bgss

"g ce i` x

"g cnyex

"se x

òuse ce|nbs`snygg æf gkqbekefs`ye` qynqyggbny xnbus"

gg i``se qe HCKG&Ce|nbs`s æf h`cyub qyngehsub ce heyhes`ye \EFUX+H" HCKG+Qyn}w nley uf xey+|ey HCKG nqef xnuyhe xhygx æf Qwsmnf& HCKG+Qyn}w qeykgse xsnh`ye` c`sebny æfhbnuc+uyg quibghe" qyehuk @ZX xù @uye qygf gfseykecgub ufug qyn}w HCKG& Æfh`cyub `hebug`x

"g qyngehs ù lnxs ce|nbs`se igibgnsehg HCKG æf Qwsmnf x

"g O`|`" g`y

ehmgq` NqefFeiub` buhye` æf qyeefs b` n igibgnseh Yuiw&Æf qbux" k`g kubs

"g luyfgnyg ce xey|ghgg C``X" qygfsye h`ye x

"g Fes@qq" ù ce|nbs s

xey|eye HCKG qynqyges`ye&

8=



3&8 Xs`fc`ycub Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he-NHHG'

NHHG exse uf xs`fc`yc ce|nbs`s ce NJL" `b hyug xhnq gfgs"

g`b ` lnxs x nleyeuf @QG qefsyu `ckgfgxsy`ye` ce b` cgxs`fs" ` xey|ghggbny cgf kncebub G``X& NHHG

xqehgffh uf qynsnhnb i``s qe MSSQ x"g YEXS" qyehuk x

"g uf @QG h`ye qeykgse

ce|nbs`ye` ufny gfxsyukefse xnlsz`ye gfseynqeyìgbe qefsyu x`yhgfgbe hnkufe cejexsgnf`ye" qyehuk cexl x

"uy`ye`" xh`b`ye` x

"g knfgsnyg`ye` yexuyxebny& \eyxgufe`

huyefs ` xqehgffh`s"geg qn`se xey|g" qe béfj G``X" k`g kubse kncebe ce xey|ghgg"

gfhbuxg| Q``X x"g X``X&

Lgjuy` 3&8 qyegfs qngs"g` nhuq`s ce NHHG æf `ymgsehsuy` ufug luyfgny ce

xey|ghgg&

Yexuyxe

H`cyujexsgnf`ye

yexuyxe-YKL'

NHHG

@QG

qynqyges`y

Cnkefgu luyfgznyxey|ghgg

Hbgefs

NHHG

Hnkufgh`yegfseyfĈ

MSSQ Gfseyl`ŨĈYKL

Lgjuy` 3&8? NHHG æf `ymgsehsuy` luyfgnyubug ce xey|ghgg

NHHG ` bu`s f`x"seye æf k`ysge 9117 xui cefukgye` ce Hbnuc @QG -H@QG' cgfsy+

n hnnqey`ye æfsye XUF Kghynxwxsekx" YìigsKP x"g Ufg|eyxgc`c Hnkqusefxe ce

K`cygc& Cnhukefsub ce heygfs"e x

"g heb `b hùygbny ce usgbg`ye T90[ ` lnxs æfsnhkgs

æf g`fu`yge 9101& Qygkub cy`ls `b xqehgffh`s"geg ` lnxs quibgh`s æf k`ysge 9101& Æf

nhsnkiyge ` uyk`s heb ce `b cngbe` cy`ls" g`y |eyxgufe` fff`b ` lnxs b`fx`s æf `qygbge

9100& Æf knkefsub fff bgygg `hexseg buhyyg |eyxgufe` huyefs ` xqehgffh`s" geg exse0&0&


NHHG ` lnxs ce|nbs`s `xsleb æfhés x ffe kncub`y" e}gigb x"g e}sefxgigb& Æf

hnfxehgfs"" xqehgffh`s

"g` exse xsyuhsuy`s æf k`g kubse cnhukefse hnkqbekefs`ye"

h`ye ækqyeuf lnyke` xs`fc`ycub hnkqbes& Cnhukefsebe xufs ækqys"gse æf syeg

h`sejnygg?

NHHG Hnye? hnfxs

cgfsy+uf xgfjuy cnhukefs h`ye cefffex"

se kncebub ce i`

NHHG4

87



NHHG Yefceygfjx? hnfxs cgfsy+ufub xù k`g kubse cnhukefse" ufce ffeh`ye qye+gfs uf `bs knc ce yec`ye ` kncebubug ce i`4

NHHG E}sefsgnfx? qn`se hnfxs` cgfsy+ufub xù k`g kubse cnhukefse" ufce ffe+

h`ye cexhyge hése n e}sefxge q`ysghub`y ` kncebubug ce i`& E}sefxggbe yeqye+gfs hnkqbesyg `be kncebubug ce i`&

Xqehgffh`s"g` huyefs hnfxs cgf syeg cnhukefse h`ye hnyexqufc xuiufgss

"gbny bn+

jghe qyeefs`se k`g xux& Cnhukefsebe cgf xugs` ce xqehgffh`s"gg 0&0 xufs uyksn`yebe?

NHHG Hnye? qyegfs cefffgs"g` lnyk`b ` kncebubug ce i` NHHG Hnye Knceb 4

NHHG MSSQ Yefceygfj? xqehgffh kncub æf h`ye kncebub ce i` exse yec`s qygfqynsnhnbubug MSSQ4

NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye? e}sgfce NHHG Hnye Knceb hu cefffgs"

ggbe sgquygbny ce yexuyxe-x"g `be nqey`s

"ggbny qeykgxe `xuqy` `hexsny`' xqehgffhe cnkefgubug G``X&

3&8&9 NHHG Hnye Knceb

Xqehgffh`s"g` NHHG Hnye Knceb T0=[ cexhyge sgquygbe lufc`kefs`be& Cefffex

"se

uf knceb ìxsy`hs `b yexuyxebny ækqyeuf hu knc`bgss"gbe ce gcefsgffh`ye" hb`xgff+

h`ye" `jyej`ye x"g e}sgfceye `be `hexsny`& Kncebub ce i` qn`se ff e}sgfx `sés qygf

knx"sefgye hés x

"g qygfsy+uf keh`fgxk ce sgq kg}gf h`ye qn`se ff usgbg`s b` fg|eb ce

gfxs`fs"& Æf NHHG uf kg}gf fu xe qn`se `qbgh` fghgnc`s ufug sgq" hg cn`y ufug

nigehs&Lgjuy` 3&3 qyegfs cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe h`ye nley n qyg|gye ce `fx`kibu `xuqy`

xsyuhsuygg kncebubug ce i` NHHG Hnye Knceb&Nyghe yexuyx e}qux qygf NHHG exse n gfxs`fs

" ` sgqubug Yexnuyhe xù ` ufeg

xuihb xe `be `hexsug`& N yexuyx qn`se ff ce e}ekqbu n k`x"gf |gysu`b" c`y x

"g uf

usgbg`sny&Sgqub Yexnuyhe exse hnkqbes`s ce sgqub Bgfd" h`ye yeqyegfs n `xnhgeye æfsye cnu gfxs`fs

"e ce yexuyxe& Efsgsw exse uf sgq ìxsy`hs" xuqeyhb`x` sgquygbny

Yexnuyhe x"g bgfd Bgfd& Lgeh`ye xuisgq ce efsgs se exse gcefsgffh`s qygfsy+n gfxs`fs

"

ufgh ce sgq Dgfc& Sgqub Dgfc xs b` i`` xgxsekubug ce hb`xgffh`ye gfhbux æf NHHG&Dgfc exse n xqehg`bg`ye ` sgqubug H`sejnyw x

"g e}sgfce h`qìgbgss

"gbe `hexsug` qygf

gfseykecgub sgqubug @hsgnf& Hb`x` @hsgnf yeqyegfs n nqey`s"ge h`ye xe qn`se elehsu`

`xuqy` ufeg gfxs`fs"e ce yexuyx& N gfxs`fs" ` sgqubug Kg}gf qn`se ff `xnhg`s hu nyexuyx x

"g l`hgbgse` gfhbuceye` ufny h`qìgbgss

"g xuqbgkefs`ye æf sgkqub yubygg&

Sgquyg ce i`

NHHG Hnye Knceb cefffex"se q`syu sgquyg ce i`" cuq huk uyke`? Efsgsw"

Yexnuyhe" Bgfd x"g @hsgnf& Sn`se `hexse sgquyg xe |ny gkqbekefs` æf knc nibgj`snygu

ce hsye luyfgnyg&

31



Lgjuy` 3&3? Cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe qefsyu NHHG Hnye Knceb

Efsgsw Sgqub Efsgsw exse xuqeysgqub ìxsy`hs `b sgquygbny Yexnuyhe x"g Bgfd& S`+

ieb` 3&8 qyegfs `sygiusebe cefffgse qefsyu `hexs sgq& Sn`se xuisgquygbe |ny xes` æfknc nibgj`snygu `sygiusub nhhg&hnye&gc x

"g nqs

"gnf`b nhhg&hnye&sgsbe& Ce `xeke+

fe`" xuisgquygbe |ny `|e` `xnhg`se n gfxs`fs" Dgfc x

"g qns `|e` uf` xù k`g kubse

gfxs`fs"e Kg}gf&

Sìeb` 3&8? @sygiusebe sgqubug Efsgsw

@sygius Sgq Kub& Cexhygeye

nhhg&hnye&gc UYG 0gcefsgffh`sny ufgh `b gfxs`fs

"eg æf xq`s

"gub ce fuke

`b luyfgnyubug

nhhg&hnye&sgsbe Xsygfj 1&&&0 fukebe `ffx"ìgb `b gfxs`fs

"eg

dgfc Dgfc 0gfxs`fs

"` Dgfc h`ye gcefsgffh æf knc ufgh xuisgqub

efsgss"gg

kg}gfx Kg}gf 1&&&/ gfxs`fs"ebe Kg}gf `xnhg`se `hexseg efsgss

"g

Yexnuyhe Sgqub Yexnuyhe e}sgfce Efsgsw x"

g cexhyge n yexuyx

h`ye qn`se ff gf+xqehs`s x"g k`fgqub`s& Qygf xqehg bg`ye `hexs sgq qn`se yeqyeefs` nyghe yexuyx

30



ye`b" ce e}ekqbu k`x"gfg |gysu`be" yes

"ebe xù xey|ghgg& Qe béfj `sygiusebe knx

"sefgse

ce b` xuqeysgqub Efsgsw" sgqub Yexnuyhe e}qufe `sygiusebe cefffgse æf sìeb` 3&3&

Sìeb` 3&3? @sygiusebe sgqubug Yexnuyhe@sygius Sgq Kub& Cexhygeye

nhhg&hnye&xukk yw Xsygfj 1&&&0 cexhygeye xuk`y ` gfxs`fs"eg ce yexuyx

bgfdx Bgfd 1&&&/gfxs`fs

"e Bgfd `xnhg`se qygf hnkqngs

"ge" h`ye xqehgffh

yeb`s"gg hu `bse yexuyxe

Bgfd N gfxs`fs" Bgfd yeqyegfs n hnfe}gufe æfsye cnu gfxs`fs

"e ce sgq Yexnuyhe&

Sgqub Bgfd e}sgfce sgqub ìxsy`hs Efsgsw x"g knx

"sefex

"se sn`se `sygiusebe `hexsug`&

Sgqub Bgfd e}qnys cnu `sygiuse `cgs"gnf`be" cexhygxe æf sìeb` 3&5&

Sìeb` 3&5? @sygiusebe sgqubug Bgfd@sygius Sgq Kub& Cexhygeye

nhhg&hnye&xnuyhe Yexnuyhe 0 gfxs`fs"` Yexnuyhe ce b` h`ye qnyfex

"se bejsuy`

nhhg&hnye&s`yjes Yexnuyhe 0 gfxs`fs"` Yexnuyhe xqye h`ye `y`s bejsuy`

@sés nhhg&hnye&xnuyhe" hés x"g nhhg&hnye&s`yjes xe |ny yeleyg æf knc nibgj`+

snygu b` n yexuyx cgf xq`s"gub ce fuke `b luyfgnyubug ce xey|ghgg&

@hsgnf Sgqub ixsy`hs @hsgnf exse xuqeysgqub nqey`s"ggbny h`ye xe qns gf|nh` `xuqy`

ufeg efsgss"g xù ` ufeg hnbehs

"gg ce efsgss

"g& Æf jefey b `hs

"gufgbe xufs nqey`s

"gg h`ye

kncgffh xs`ye` yexuyxeg" huk `y ff xuxqefc`ye` xù yeqnyfgye` ufeg k`x"gfg |gysu`be&

Sìeb` 3&< qyegfs xgfjuyub `sygius cefffgs qefsyu sgqub @hsgnf&

Sìeb` 3&<? @sygiusebe sgqubug @hsgnf


h`sejnyw H`sejnyw 0 gfxs`fs"` H`sejnyw h`ye gcefsgffh gfxs`fs

"` @hsgnf

N `hs"gufe |` ff keyeu hnfehs`s qygf hnkqngs

"ge b` n gfxs`fs

" Dgfc xù Kg}gf x

"g

xe qn`se `qbgh` susuyny yexuyxebny `xnhg`se hu gfxs`fs"` Dgfc xù Kg}gf yexqehsg|&

Hb`xgffh`ye x"g gcefsgffh`ye

NHHG nley uf keh`fgxk qynqygu ce hb`xgffh`ye h`ye qeykgse e}sgfceye` kncebubughu efsgss

"g xqehgffhe ufug `fukgs cnkefgu" ce e}ekqbu gfly`xsyuhsuy& Xgxsekub ce

hb`xgffh`ye `ye uyksn`yebe l`hgbgss"g hmege?

• ffeh`ye sgq ce i` x"g sgq ceyg|`s `ye `xgjf`s uf gcefsgffh`sny ufgh xui lnyk`

ufeg gfxs`fs"

e Dgfc" hee` he qyekgse cexhnqeygye` æf knc cgf`kgh ` susuynysgquygbny cgxqnfgigbe4

39



• uf hbgefs qn`se cexhnqeyg xsyuhsuy` gey`ymgh ` sgquygbny ceyg|`se cgf Efsgsw"Yexnuyhe x

"g Bgfd cgfsy+n `fukgs gkqbekefs`ye NHHG qygf gfseykecgub yeb`s

"ggbny

cgfsye gfxs`fs"ebe Dgfc4

• xgxsekub ce hb`xgffh`ye qeykgse `xnhgeygeye` ufny gfxs`fs"

e Kg}gf b` gfxs`fs"

e ceyexuyxe qefsyu ` nleyg h`qìgbgss"g e}sy` æf sgkqub yubygg" qygf gfseykecgub ufny

fng `sygiuse x"g `hs

"gufg4

• esghmes`ye` yexuyxebny xe qn`se ye`bg`" ce `xekefe`" qygf keh`fgxkub kg}gf&N esghmes exse n gfxs`fs

" Kg}gf h`ye fu cefffex

"se `sygiuse `cgs

"gnf`be4

• sn`se yexuyxebe `xnhg`se ufeg gfxs`fs"e Dgfc xù Kg}gf lnyke` æf knc gkqbghgs

n hnbehs"ge&

H`sejnyw Sgqub H`sejnyw xs b` i`` keh`fgxkubug ce hb`xgffh`ye cgf NHHG Hnye

Knceb& Gfxs`fs"ebe H`sejnyw æf xgfe xe lnbnxexh æf knc e}hbuxg| qefsyu ` gcefsgffh`sgquyg ce `hs

"gufg& Yexsub h`sejnygxgygg xe ye`bge` qygf gfseykecgub xuisgquygbny Dgfc

x"g Kg}gf&

Sìeb` 3&: qyegfs `sygiusebe xqehgffhe sgqubug H`sejnyw& N gfxs`fs" H`sejnyw

cefffex"se fukebe `sygiusebny e}quxe ce uf nigehs `xnhg`s& Ce e}ekqbu n `hs

"gufe

)yexge) hu uf `sygius )xge) |` `|e` `xnhg`s n h`sejnyge hu `ssygiusex ; T

)xge) [&

Sìeb` 3&:? @sygiusebe sgqubug H`sejnyw


seyk Xsygfj 0gcefsgffh`sny ufgh `b gfxs`fs

"eg H`sejnyw æf gfseygnyub xhmekeg ce

h`sejnygxgye

xhmeke UYG 0 xhmek` ce h`sejnygxgye

sgsbe Xsygfj 1&&&0 fukebe `ffx"ìgb `b gfxs`fs

"eg

`ssygiusex Xsygfj 1&&&/ hnbehs"g` `sygiusebny cefffgse ce `he`xs h`sejnyge

Dgfc Sgqub Dgfc e}sgfce H`sejnyw x"g yeqyegfs keh`fgxkub ce gcefsgffh`ye efsgss

"gbny

qyeefse æf xgxsek& Lgeh`ye xuisgq ceyg|`s cgf Efsgsw `ye `xnhg`s æf knc nibgj`snygun gfxs`fs" Dgfc h`ye gcefsgffh æf knc ufgh xuisgqub yexqehsg|& Héfc xe gfxs`fs" g`n efsgs`se" gfxs`fs

"eg g xe `xnhg` uf gcefsgffh`sny ce sgq" xui lnyk` ufeg gfxs`fs

"e

Dgfc& Gfxs`fs"ebe ce yexuyxe `xnhg`se ufug Dgfc xù Kg}gf lnyke` æf knc ùsnk`s

n hnbehs"ge&

N gfxs`fs" Dgfc e}qufe `hs

"gufgbe cefffgse qefsyu gfxs`fs

"` `xnhg`s qygf sygiusub

`hsgnfx& Sìeb` 3&= hnfs"gfe sn`se `sygiusebe cefffgse qefsyu `hexs sgq&

Yeb`s"ggbe cgfsye gfxs`fs

"ebe Dgfc xufs yeqyeefs`se qygf `sygiusub yeb`sec& Nyghe

gfxs`fs" xe ` æf yeb`s

"ge cgyehs hu gfxs`fs

"` Dgfc `xnhg`s qygfsebug xu& Æf qbux"

nyghe gfxs`fs" Dgfc xe ` æf yeb`s

"ge cgyehs xù gfcgyehs hu gfxs`fs

"` Dgfc `xnhg`s

xuqeysgqubug Efsgsw" cen`yehe sn`se yexuyxebe qnxgigbe xufs ceyg|`se cgf Efsgsw& Æf

`hexs leb yeb`s" ggbe cgfse gfxs`fs"ebe Dgfc kncebe` gey`ymg` ce knx"sefgye ` kncebubug

38



Sìeb` 3&=? @sygiusebe sgqubug Dgfc


`hsgnfx @hsgnf 1&&&/ kubs"gke` `hs

"gufgbny cefffgse ce gfxs`fs

"` Dgfc

yeb`sec Dgfc 1&&&/kubs

"gke` gfxs`fs

"ebny Dgfc h`ye xe ` æf yeb`s

"ge hu `he`xs

gfxs`fs"

efsgsw^swqe Efsgsw 0sgqub ce efsgs`se gcefsgffh`s æf knc ufgh ce `he`xs gfxs`fs

"

Dgfc

efsgsgex Efsgsw 1&&&/hnbehs

"g` gfxs`fs

"ebny ce yexuyxe h`ye `q`ys

"gf `hexseg gfxs`fs

"e

Dgfc

ce i` x"g `be e}sefxggbny `hexsug`& Cg`jy`k` ce nigehse cgf ffjuy` 3&5 gbuxsye`

yeb`s"g` cgfsye gfxs`fs

"ebe Dgfc `xnhg`se sgquygbny Efsgsw" Yexnuyhe x

"g Hnkquse& Sgqub

Hnkquse exse cefffgs æf NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye x"g uyke` ` ff qyeefs`s æf ces`bgu æf

xehs"

gufe` 3&8&3&

Lgjuy` 3&5? E}ekqbu ce cg`jy`k ce nigehse qefsyu gfxs`fs"e Dgfc

Kg}gf Sgqub Kg}gf exse ceyg|`s cgf Efsgsw x"g hnkqbese` sgqub Dgfc æf cefffgye`

xgxsekubug ce hb`xgffh`ye ` nigehsebny cgf NHHG Hnye Knceb& Sgqub Kg}gf nley uf

keh`fgxk ce e}sefxge h`ye qeykgse gfsejy`ye` ufny fng h`qìgbgs

s"

g æf gfxs`fs"

ebe ceyexuyxe& Uf Kg}gf qn`se ff `xnhg`s hu n yexuyx æf knkefsub hyeygg xù æf sgkqubyubygg" hu xhnqub ce ` e}sgfce yexuyx` hu `sygiuse xù `hs

"gufg fng&

Cefffgs"g` sgqubug Kg}gf exse yec`s æf sìeb` 3&7& Fukebe `sygiusebny hu h`ye

qn`se e}sgfce gfxs`fs"` Kg}gf n yexuyx xufs e}quxe qygf `sygiusub `ssygiusex& Ce

e}ekqbu" uf Kg}gf h`ye `cùj uf `sygius ce bnh`s"ge hnk&e}`kqbe&bnh`sgnf |`

`|e` `ssygiusex ; T )hnk&e}`kqbe&bnh`sgnf) [&Nyghe gfxs`fs

" Kg}gf xe qn`se `` æf yeb`s

"ge hu `bse gfxs`fs

"e Kg}gf& Æf `hexs h`

`sygiusebe x"g `hs

"gufgbe cefffgse ce gfxs`fs

"ebe `xnhg`se |ny ff `jyej`se hu hebe cefffgse

ce gfxs`fs"` æf xgfe&

33



Sìeb` 3&7? @sygiusebe sgqubug Kg}gf


`hsgnfx @hsgnf 1&&&/ kubs"gke` `hs

"gufgbny cefffgse ce gfxs`fs

"` Kg}gf

yeb`sec Kg}gf 1&&&/kubs

"gke` gfxs`fs

"ebny Kg}gf h`ye xe ` æf yeb`s

"ge hu `he`xs

gfxs`fs"

efsgsgex Efsgsw 1&&&/hnbehs

"g` gfxs`fs

"ebny ce yexuyxe `xnhg se `hexseg gfxs`fs

"e

Kg}gf

3&8&8 NHHG MSSQ Yefceygfj

Cnhukefsub NHHG MSSQ Yefceygfj T07[ xqehgffh kncub æf h`ye kncebub cei` x

"g e}sefxggbe `hexsug` xufs yec`se qygf qynsnhnbub MSSQ& Cexhyge kncub æf h`ye

xe qn`se gfsey`hs"gnf` hu n gkqbekefs`ye NHHG qygf gfseykecgub qynsnhnbubug MSSQ

x"

g cefffex"

se syeg sgquyg KGKE qefsyu yeqyeefs`ye` c`sebny sy`fxley`se& Hebe syegsgquyg KGKE xufs? se}s.qb`gf" se}s.nhhg x"g se}s.uyg& @bse lnyk`se ce c`se" ce

e}ekqbu N\L xù OXNF |ny quse` ff xqehgffh`se æf cnhukefse hnkqbekefs`ye&NHHG MSSQ Yefceygfj usgbge` l`hgbgss

"gbe qynsnhnbubug MSSQ x

"g xe iè` qe

qygfhgqggbe YN@ -Yexnuyhe Nygefsec @yhmgsehsuye'" x"g usgbge` YEXS& Gfsey`hs

"gufe`

hu xgxsekub xe ye`bge` qygf gfxqehs`ye` x"g kncgffh`ye` yexuyxebny" yexqehsg| ` xs+

ygbny `hexsny`& MSSQ exse uf qynsnhnb gce`b qefsyu ` ff usgbg`s æf xgxseke YN@"cen`yehe nley uf keh`fgxk ce gcefsgffh`ye ufgh ` yexuyxebny qygf UYB+uyg x

"g qey+

kgse nqey`ye` `xuqy` `hexsny` qygfs gfseykecgub ufny kesnce jefey`be fukgse |eyieMSSQ& @hexse |eyie qns ff k`q`se qexse nqey`s

"ggbe sgqghe `xuqy` yexuyxebny" cuq

huk uyke`? hye`ye -QNXS'" yejxgye -JES'" `hsu`bg`ye -QNXS.QUS' x"g x

"seyjeye

-CEBESE'&Lgeh`ye gfxs`fs

" ce yexuyx cgf xgxsekub NHHG syeiuge gcefsgffh`s ufgh qygfsy+uf

UYG xsnh`s æf `sygiusub gc `b sgqubug Efsgsw&

Xgfs`} x"g xek`fsgh

Sn`se c`sebe sy`fxley`se lnbnxgfc sgquygbe ce hnfs"gfus se}s.nhhg x

"g se}s.qb`gf

xufs se}s xsyuhsuy`s& @hexse xsyuhsuyg xufs hnflnyke yejubgbny qefsyu me`ceyebeMSSQ& Æf sns`b xe lnbnxexh q`syu xsyuhsuyg xqehgffhe?

• H`sejnyw

• Bgfd

• ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse

• ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf

Gfxs`fs"ebe sgquygbny H`sejnyw" Dgfc x

"g Kg}gf xufs yec`se lnbnxgfc xsyuhsuy` ce

me`cey H`sejnyw " h`ye `ye uyksn`ye` xgfs`}?

H`sejnyw ; )H`sejnyw) )?) (h`sejnyw+|`bue

h`sejnyw+|`bue ; seyk)4) )xhmeke) );) 2)6 xhmeke 2)6

35



)4) )hb`xx) );) - hb`xx r 2)6 hb`xx 2)6 '

T )4) )sgsbe) );) punsec+xsygfj [

T )4) )yeb) );) 2)6 swqe+gcefsglgey 2)6 [

T )4) )bnh`sgnf) );) 2)6 UYG 2)6 [

T )4) )`ssygiusex) );) 2)6 `ssygiuse+bgxs 2)6 [T )4) )`hsgnfx) );) 2)6 `hsgnf+bgxs 2)6 [

seyk ; BN@BQM@ /- BN@BQM@ r CGJGS r )+) r )^) '

xhmeke ; UYG

swqe+gcefsglgey ; xhmeke seyk

hb`xx ; )`hsgnf) r )kg}gf) r )dgfc)

`ssygiuse+bgxs ; `ssygiuse+cel

r `ssygiuse+cel /- 0/XQ `ssygiuse+cel'

`ssygiuse+cel ; `ssygiuse+f`ke

r `ssygiuse+f`ke

)t) `ssygiuse+qynqeysw /- 0/XQ `ssygiuse+qynqeysw ' ){)

`ssygiuse+qynqeysw ; )gkkus`ibe) r )yepugyec)`ssygiuse+f`ke ; `ssy+hnkqnfefs /- )&) `ssy+hnkqnfefs '

`ssy+hnkqnfefs ; BN@BQM@ /- BN@BQM@ r CGJGS r )+) r )^) '

`hsgnf+bgxs ; `hsgnf r `hsgnf /- 0/XQ `hsgnf '

`hsgnf ; swqe+gcefsglgey

Q`y`kesyub `ssygiusex gflnyke` hbgefsub cexqye `sygiusebe xqehgffhe xuisgqubugEfsgsw&

Yeqyeefs`ye` ufeg yexuyxe syeiuge x hnfs"gf nyghe Bgfd `xnhg`s `hexsug`" cexhygx

qygf xsyuhsuy` Bgfd & Xgfs`}` `hexseg xsyuhsuyg exse uyksn`ye`?

Bgfd ; )Bgfd) )?) (bgfd+|`buebgfd+|`bue ; )2) UYG+Yeleyefhe )6)

)4) )yeb) );) 2)6 yexnuyhe+swqe 2)6

T )4) )xebl) );) 2)6 bgfd+gfxs`fhe 2)6 [

T )4) )h`sejnyw) );) bgfd+swqe

/- )4) bgfd+`ssygiuse ' [

seyk ; BN@BQM@ /- BN@BQM@ r CGJGS r )+) r )^) '

xhmeke ; UYG


yexnuyhe+swqe ; swqe+gcefsglgey /- 0/XQ swqe+gcefsglgey '

bgfd+swqe ; swqe+gcefsglgey /- 0/XQ swqe+gcefsglgey '

bgfd+gfxs`fhe ; UYG+yeleyefhebgfd+`ssygiuse ; `ssygiuse+f`ke );) - sndef r punsec+xsygfj '

`ssygiuse+f`ke ; `ssy+hnkqnfefs /- )&) `ssy+hnkqnfefs '


@hs"gufgbe `xnhg`se ufeg yexuyxe |ny ff cexhygxe" ce `xekefe`" qygf me`cey+ub Bgfd "

æf lebub uyksny?

Bgfd ; )Bgfd) )?) (bgfd+|`bue

bgfd+|`bue ; )2) `hsgnf+uyg )6)

)4) )yeb) );) 2)6 `hsgnf+swqe 2)6

seyk ; BN@BQM@ /- BN@BQM@ r CGJGS r )+) r )^) 'xhmeke ; yeb`sg|eUYG

3<




`hsgnf+swqe ; swqe+gcefsglgey

`hsgnf+uyg ; UYG )>) )`hsgnf;) seyk

@sygiusebe cefffgse qefsyu uf xuisgq Efsgsw |ny ff cexhygxe usgbgéfc me`cey+ub]+NHHG+@ssygiuse " h`ye exse cefffgs æf lebub uyksny?

@ssygiuse ; )]+NHHG+@ssygiuse) )?) (`ssygiuse+yeqy

`ssygiuse+yeqy ; `ssygiuse+f`ke );)

- xsygfj r fukiey r innb r efuk^|`b '

`ssygiuse+f`ke ; `ssy+hnkqnfefs /- )&) `ssy+hnkqnfefs '


xsygfj ; punsec+xsygfj

fukiey ; -gfs r lbn`s'

gfs ; /CGJGS

lbn`s ; /CGJGS )&) /CGJGSinnb ; -)syue) r )l`bxe)'

efuk^|`b ; xsygfj

UYG+uygbe h`ye gcefsgffh æf knc ufgh yexuyxebe qns ff yec`se qygf xsyuhsuy` fukgs]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf " h`ye exse cefffgs `xsleb?

Bnh`sgnf ; )]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf) )?) bnh`sgnf+|`bue

bnh`sgnf+|`bue ; UYG+yeleyefhe

Syeiuge fns`s h me`cey+ub ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf hnyexqufce ufeg xgfjuye bnh`s"gg" `xsleb

qefsyu ` xqehgffh` k`g kubse UYG+uyg xe |ny lnbnxg k`g kubse me`cey+e&

Nqey`s"gg

Æf hnfsgfu`ye qyeefsk qe xhuys nqey`s"ggbe qeykgxe ce NHHG MSSQ yefceygfj&

E}ekqbebe ce yub`ye usgbge` uyksn`yebe hnf|efs"gg?

• xe usgbge` xekfub 6 qefsyu ` k`yh` xnbghgsygbe sygkgxe hsye luyfgnyub cexey|ghgg4

• xe usgbge` xekfub 2 qefsyu ` e|gcefs"g` yxqufxub xey|eyubug4

• e}ekqbebe fu xufs hnkqbese" hg hnfs"gf cn`y hnkqnfefsebe exefs

"g`be cgf qufhsub

ce |eceye `b nqey`s"geg huyefse&

Yejxgye` gfxs`fs"ebny Dgfc x

"g Kg}gf Xe usgbge` |eyiub JES qefsyu ` ye+

jxg sn`se sgquygbe ce yexuyxe h`ye xe qns k`fgqub` ce xey|ghgub gfseynj`s& @he`xsnqey`s

"ge qeykgse hbgefsubug x cexhnqeye qnxgigbgss

"gbe gkqbekefsygg NHHG hu h`ye

gfsey`hs"gnfe`& Yxqufxub |` hnfs

"gfe sn`se gflnyk`s

"ggbe cexqye gfxs`fs

"ebe Dgfc x

"g

Kg}gf" gfhbuxg| `hs"gufgbe `xgjf`se ffehyeg`?

3:



6 JES .+. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[2 H`sejnyw? hnkquse4

2 xhmeke;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye()4

2 hb`xx;)dgfc)4

2 yeb;mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.hnye(yexnuyhe4

2 `ssygiusex;)nhhg&hnkquse&hnyex nhhg&&&)4

2 `hsgnfx;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye.hnkquse

.`hsgnf(xsnq &&&)4

2 bnh`sgnf;.hnkquse.4

2 H`sejnyw? kw^xsull4

2 xhmeke;)mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.nhhg.kw^xsull()4

2 hb`xx;)kg}gf)42 bnh`sgnf;.kw^xsull.4

2 H`sejnyw? xsny`je4


2 hb`xx;)dgfc)4

2 yeb;mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.hnye(yexnuyhe4

2 `ssygiusex;)&&&)4

2 `hsgnfx;)&&&)4

2 bnh`sgnf;.xsny`je.4

@cuj`ye` ufeg cefffgs"gg Kg}gf Uf Kg}gf fnu xe qn`se `cuj` hu `ousnyub

|eyiubug QUS& Xe |ny luyfg` sn`se gflnyk`s" ggbe fehex`ye" gfhbuxg| xhmek` x" g bnh`s" g`?

6 QUS .+. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[



6 hb`xx;)kg}gf)4

6 yeb;mssq?.e}`kqbe&hnk.nhhg.xnkesmgfj^ebxe(kg}gf4

6 bnh`sgnf;.kw^xsull.4

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

X"

seyjeye` ufeg cefffgs"gg Kg}gf Uf Kg}gf cefffgs ce hsye usgbg`sny qn`se ff x

"seyx

qygf |eyiub CEBESE?

6 CEBESE .+. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[



6 hb`xx;)kg}gf)4

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND2 T&&&[

3=



Yejxgye` susuyny yexuyxebny ce qe n h`be Xe |` lnbnxg |eyiub JES qefsyu `yejxg sn`se yexuyxebe ce qe n h`be& Luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgg |` æfsn`yhe sn`se gfxs`fs

"ebe

ce yexuyxe h`ye xufs hnqggg UYG+ubug æf gey`ymg` xq`s"gubug ce fuke `b luyfgnyubug?

6 JES .|kx.uxey0. MSSQ.0&06 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

2 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.uxey0.|k0

2 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.uxey0.|k9

X"

seyjeye` susuyny yexuyxebny ce qe n h`be Nqey`s"g` xe qn`se elehsu` usgbgéfc

|eyiub CEBESE?

6 CEBESE .|kx.uxey0. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

Syeiuge `|us æf |eceye h `he`xs nqey`s"ge qyegfs ygxhuyg xekfgffh`sg|e!

Yejxgye` yexuyxebny ce uf `fukgs Dgfc xù Kg}gf Usgbgéfc |eyiub JES xeqns yejxg sn`se gfxs`fs

"ebe ce yexuyxe ce uf `fukgs sgq?

6 JES .hnkquse. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

2 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.lnn.|k0


2 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.i`y.|k0

Cehb`fx"`ye` ufeg `hs

"gufg qe yexuyxebe ce uf `fukgs Dgfc xù Kg}gf Xe

qn`se cehb`fx"` n `hs" gufe -gfxs`fs" @hsgnf' qe sn`se yexuyxebe ce `heb`x" g Dgfc xùKg}gf& Æf `hexs xhnq xe |` lnbnxg |eyiub QNXS ækqyeuf hu cefffgs

"g` `hs

"gufgg?

6 QNXS .hnkquse.>`hsgnf;xsnq MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 H`sejnyw? xsnq4 xhmeke;)T&&&[)4 hb`xx;)`hsgnf)4

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? kesmnc;)qnzeynll)

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

37



@xnhgeye` yexuyxebny hu uf Kg}gf Uf` x`u k`g kubse gfxs`fs"e ce yexuyxe xe

qns `xnhg` hu uf Kg}gf lnbnxgfc |eyiub QNXS& Xe |ny luyfg` h` q`y`kesyg UYG+uygbeh`ye gcefsgffh æf knc ufgh yexuyxebe?

6 QNXS .kw^xsull. MSSQ.0&06 T&&&[


2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

Cgxnhgeye` yexuyxebny ce b` uf Kg}gf Xe qns æfbsuy` uf` x`u k`g kubsegfxs`fs

"e ce yexuyxe cgfsy+uf Kg}gf usgbgéfc |eyiub CEBESE& Xnbghgs`ye` |` hnfs

"gfe

UYG+uygbe h`ye gcefsgffh gfxs`fs"ebe ce yexuyxe?

6 CEBESE .kw^xsull. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[



6 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.cgxdx.lnn.cgxd0

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

@hsu`bg`ye` ufeg hnbehs"gg ce gfxs`fs

"e Kg}gf N hnbehs

"ge lnyk`s cgf gfxs`fs

"e

Kg}gf qn`se ff `hsu`bg`s usgbgéfc |eyiub QUS& Xe |ny luyfg` UYG+uygbe susuynykekiygbny h`ye l`h q`yse cgf hnbehs"ge?

6 QUS .kw^xsull. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[



6 ]+NHHG+Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.cgxdx.lnn.cgxd0

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

Hye`ye` ufeg gfxs`fs"e ce yexuyx N yexuyx xe qn`se hye` æf cnu kncuyg"

lnbnxgfc ffe |eyiub QNXS" ffe |eyiub QUS& Xe |` xqehgffh` sgqub yexuyxeg qygfsy+ufDgfc" yexqehsg| `sygiusebe xqehgffhe `hexsug`?

6 QNXS .hnkquse. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 H`sejnyw? hnkquse4


6 hb`xx;)dgfc)4

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnkquse&hnyex;9

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnkquse&mnxsf`ke;)lnni`y)

51



6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 910 ND

2 T&&&[

2 Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.lnn.|k0

Æf qygkub h` xey|eyub |` æfsn`yhe uf me`cey ce sgq Bnh`sgnf h`ye xqehgffh UYG+ub yexuyxeg hye`se& Æf h`ub æf h`ye xe usgbge` |eyiub QUS" hbgefsub syeiuge xxqehgffhe h`be` e}`hs b` h`ye cnyex

"se h` luyfgnyub ce xey|ghgu x hyeee yexuyx`"

qyehuk gbuxsye` e}ekqbub ce k`g onx?

6 QUS .|kx.lnn.kw^lgyxs^|gysu`b^k`hmgfe MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6


6 xhmeke;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye()46 )hb`xx;dgfc)4



6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

Héfc xe hye` n yexuyx qefsyu h`ye xe xqehgffh gfxs`fs"e Bgfd" `hexse gfxs`fs

"e

|ny syeiug hye`se gkqbghgs?

6 QNXS .hnkquse. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[



6 hb`xx;)dgfc)4

6 Bgfd? 2.fesznyd.09864

6 yeb;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye(fesznyd)4

6 h`sejnyw;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye

(fesznydgfseyl`he)4

6 nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&gfseyl`he;)esm1)4

6 nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&k`h;)11?00?99?88?33?55)46 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnkquse&hnyex;9


6 T&&&[

Yejxgye` ufeg yexuyxe Qefsyu ` yejxg n yexuyx xe |` lnbnxg |eyiub JES& Luyfg+nyub ce xey|ghgg |` æfsn`yhe heb qus

"gf cefffgs

"g` ce sgq x

"g `sygiusebe `xnhg`se yexuyxeg& Xe

|ny gfhbuce" ce `xekefe`" bgfd+uyg hsye yexuyxebe hnfe}e" c`h exse h`ub& Yxqufxubluyfgnyubug ce xey|ghgg |` gfhbuce sn`se yeleygfs

"ebe yexuyxeg xui lnyk ce Bgfd ?

6 JES .|kx.lnn.|k0 MSSQ.0&06 T&&&[

50



2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[


6 xhmeke;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye()46 hb`xx;)dgfc)4



6 hb`xx;)kg}gf)4



2 Bgfd? 2.fesznyd.09864

2 yeb;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye(fesznyd)4

2 xebl;).bgfd.fesznydgfseyl`he.35<)4

2 h`sejnyw;)mssq?..xhmek`x&njl&nyj.nhhg.gfly`xsyuhsuye(

2 fesznydgfseyl`he)42 nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&gfseyl`he;)esm1)4

2 nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&k`h;)11?00?99?88?33?55)4

2 nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&xs`se;)`hsg|e)4

@hsu`bg`ye` ufeg yexuyxe N gfxs`fs" ce yexuyx qn`se ff `hsu`bg`s q`ys

"g`b"

usgbgéfc |eyiub QNXS" x`u hnkqbes" qygf |eyiub QUS& Æf h`ub `hsu`bgygg q`ys"g`be

xe |ny sygkgse cn y `hebe `sygiuse h`ye xe cnyexh kncgffh`se& Qefsyu ` elehsu` n`hsu`bg`ye hnkqbes xe |` luyfg` æfsye`j` yeqyeefs`ye ` yexuyxeg& Ce fns s h`sygiusebe h`ye fu xe qyehge` xe |ny xuqygk`?

6 QNXS .|kx.lnn.|k0 MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnkquse&keknyw;3&1

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

6 QUS .|kx.lnn.|k0 MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnkquse&keknyw;3&16 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

X"

seyjeye` ufeg yexuyxe N yexuyx qn`se ff ebgkgf`s lnbnxgfc |eyiub CEBESE?

6 CEBESE .|kx.lnn.|k0 MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND2 T&&&[

59



Cehb`fx"`ye` ufeg `hs

"gufg qe n yexuyx Qefsyu ` cehb`fx

"` n `hs

"gufe qe n yexuyx

xe |` usgbg` |eyiub QNXS x"g xe |` luyfg` yeqyeefs`ye` `hs

"gufgg?

6 QNXS .|kx.lnn.|k0>`hsgnf;xsnq MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 H`sejnyw? xsnq4

6 xhmeke;)T&&&[)4

6 hb`xx;)`hsgnf)4

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? kesmnc;)qnzeynll)

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND

2 T&&&[

Hye`ye` ufeg bejsuyg æfsye cnu yexuyxe Qefsyu ` hye` æf knc e}qbghgs ngfxs`fs

" Bgfd" xe |` lnbnxg |eyiub QNXS x

"g xe |ny xqehgffh` `sygiusebe nhhg&hnye&xnuyhe

x" g nhhg&hnye&s`yjes" ækqyeuf hu sgqub bejsuygg?6 QNXS .bgfd.fesznydgfseyl`he. MSSQ.0&0

6 T&&&[

6 H`sejnyw? fesznydgfseyl`he4


6 hb`xx;)dgfc)4

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnye&xnuyhe;)mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.|kx.lnn.|k0)

6 ]+NHHG+@ssygiuse? nhhg&hnye&s`yjes;)mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.fesznyd.098)

6 T&&&[

2 MSSQ.0&0 911 ND2 T&&&[

2 Bnh`sgnf? mssq?..e}`kqbe&hnk.bgfd.fesznydgfseyl`he.35<

3&8&3 NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye

Xqehgffh`s"g` NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye T91[ cexhyge n e}sefxge ` kncebubug ce i`

cexsgf`s cnkefgubug G``X& @QG+ub qeykgse hye`ye` x"g jexsgnf`ye` yexuyxebny sgqghe

`xnhg`se hu uf xey|ghgu G``X& Qygfhgq`bebe yexuyxe gfly`xsyuhsuy`be cefffgse æf NHHGGfly`xsyuhsuye xufs?

Hnkquse yexuyxe ce qynhex`ye4Fesznyd yexuyxe ce gfseyhnfehs`ye x

"g hnkufgh`ye" æf q`ysghub`y yes

"ebe B94

Xsny`je yexuyxe ce xsnh`ye ` c`sebny&

@hexse sgquyg ce yexuyxe gfly`xsyuhsuy`be xufs ceyg|`se cgf sgqub ce i` Yexnuyhe&Hnfehs`ye` yexuyxebny æfsye ebe xe qn`se ye`bg` hu `ousnyub uyksn`yebny cnu xui+sgquyg Bgfd?

FesznydGfseyl`he be`j n gfxs`fs" Hnkquse b` n gfxs`fs

" Fesznyd4

Xsny`jeBgfd be`j n gfxs`fs" Hnkquse b` n gfxs`fs

" Xsny`je&

Lgjuy` 3&< qyegfs cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe qefsyu NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye&

58



Lgjuy` 3&<? Cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe qefsyu NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye

Hnkquse

Sgqub Hnkquse e}sgfce Yexnuyhe x"g yeqyegfs n yexuyx hnkqus`s

"gnf`b jefeygh"

ce e}ekqbu n k`x"gf |gysu`b&

Sìeb` 3&01 cexhyge `sygiusebe xqehgffhe yexuyxebny Hnkquse" g`y ffjuy` 3&: qyegfscg`jy`k` ce xs`ye& Xsygbe qeykgxe qefsyu yexuyxebe hnkqus`s

"gnf`be xufs `hsg|e"

gf`hsg|e x"g xuxqefcec& Gfxs`fs

"ebe @hsgnf xqehgffhe xufs xs`ys" xsnq" yexs`ys x

"g

xuxqefc&

Sìeb` 3&01? @sygiusebe sgqubug Hnkquse


nhhg&hnkquse&`yhmgsehsuye Efuk 1&&&0 `ymgsehsuy` qynhexnyubug? }=< xù }<3

nhhg&hnkquse&hnyex Gfsejey 1&&&0 fukyub fuhbeebny ce HQU `xgjf`se

nhhg&hnkquse&mnxsf`ke Xsygfj 1&&&0 fukebe ce mnxs CFX hnkqbes h`bgffh`s

nhhg&hnkquse&xqeec Lbn`s 1&&&0 lyeh|efs"` ce he`x ` qynhexnyubug æf JM

nhhg&hnkquse&keknyw Lbn`s 1&&&0 h`fsgs`se` k`}gk ce Y@K æf JI

nhhg&hnkquse&xs`se Efuk 0xs`ye` huyefs ` gfxs`fs

"eg? `hsg|e" gf`hsg|e

xù xuxqefcec

Fesznyd

Sgqub Fesznyd yeqyegfs n efsgs`se ce yes"e` B9" ce e}ekqbu uf xzgshm |gysu`b&

Ceyg| cgf sgqub ce i` Yexnuyhe x"g qn`se ff e}sgfx qygf keh`fgxkub kg}gf hu

h`qìgbgss"g B8.B3& NHHG cefffex

"se kg}gf+ub GQFesznydgfj h`ye nley xqygogf qefsyu

yes"ebgxsgh` SHQ.GQ&@sygiusebe cefffgse qefsyu sgqub Fesznyd xufs efukey`se æf sìeb` 3&00& Xsygbe

x"g `hs

"gufgbe xqehgffhe xufs qyeefs`se æf cg`jy`k` ce xsyg cgf ffjuy` 3&=&

Sìeb` 3&09 qyegfs

`sygiusebe hb`xeg kg}gf GQFesznydgfj& Nyghe gfxs`fs"

Fesznyd`xnhg`s hu `hexs kg}gf |` syeiug x gkqbekefsee `hexse `sygiuse&

53



xuxqefcec

`hsg|e

gf`hsg|e

xuxqefc

xsnq

xs`ys

xs`ys

Lgjuy` 3&:? Cg`jy`k` ce xs`ye qefsyu n gfxs`fs"

Hnkquse

Sìeb` 3&00? @sygiusebe sgqubug Fesznyd@sygius Sgq Kub& Cexhygeye

nhhg&fesznyd&|b`f Gfsejey 1&&&0 gcefsgffh`sny \B@F =19&0p? 1+3175

nhhg&fesznyd&b ieb Sndef 1&&&0 \B@F+uyg s`j+i`xec

nhhg&fesznyd&xs`se Efuk 0 xs`ye` huyefs ` gfxs`fs"eg? `hsg|e xù gf`hsg|e

`hsg|e

gf`hsg|e

uqcnzf

Lgjuy` 3&=? Cg`jy`k` ce xs`ye qefsyu n gfxs`fs" Fesznyd

Sìeb` 3&09? @sygiusebe sgqubug GQFesznydgfj


nhhg&fesznyd&`ccyexx GQ3" GQ< 1&&&0 `cyex` GQ æf fns`s"ge HGCY

nhhg&fesznyd&j`sez`w GQ3" GQ< 1&&&0 `cyex` j`sez`w æf fns`s"ge HGCY

nhhg&fesznyd& bbnh sgnf Efuk 1&&&0keh`fgxkub ce `bnh`ye ` `cyexebny? cwf`kgh

xù xs`sgh

55



Xsny`je

Sgqub Xsny`je exse n ìxsy`hs"ge qefsyu cgxqngsg|ebe h`ye qns xsnh` c`se" ce

e}ekqbu cgxd+uyg |gysu`be&

@sygiusebe `hexsug sgq xufs qyeefs`se æf sìeb` 3&08" g`y cg`jy`k` ce xs`ye cgfffjuy` 3&7 qyegfs xsygbe x"g `hs

"gufgbe qnxgigbe&

Sìeb` 3&08? @sygiusebe sgqubug Xsny`je


nhhg&xsny`je&xge Lbn`s 0 kygke` xq`s"gubug ce xsnh`ye æf JI

nhhg&xsny je&xs`se Efuk 0xs`ye` huyefs ` gfxs`fs

"eg? nfbgfe" nllbgfe" i`hduq"

xf`qxmns" yexge xù cejy`cec

Lgjuy` 3&7? Cg`jy`k` ce xs`ye qefsyu n gfxs`fs" Xsny`je

FesznydGfseyl`he

Sgqub FesznydGfseyl`he yeqyegfs uf cgxqngsg| hbgefs B9" ce e}ekqbu n qb`hce yes

"e`& Hb`x` kg}gf GQFesznydGfseyl`he e}sgfce `hexs sgq x

"g nley l`hgbgss

"g ce

yes"ebgxsgh SHQ.GQ&Sìeb` 3&03 qyegfs `sygiusebe cefffgse qefsyu FesznydGfseyl`he" g`y `sygiusebe

sgqubug GQFesznydGfseyl`he xufs cexhygxe æf sìeb` 3&05& Lgjuy` 3&01 gbuxsye`cg`jy`k` ce xsyg&

Xsny`jeBgfd

Sgqub Xsny`jeBgfd yeqyegfs n bejsuy ce b` n yexuyx n`yeh`ye b` n gfxs`fs"

Xsny`je& Æf q`ysghub`y" Xsny`jeBgfd qeykgse `xnhgeye` ufeg gfxs`fs"

e Xsny`je b` ngfxs`fs" Hnkquse&

5<



Sìeb` 3&03? @sygiusebe sgqubug FesznydGfseyl`he


nhhg&fesznydgfseyl he&gfseyl`he Xsygfj 0 sgqub ce gfseyl`s"

nhhg&fesznydgfseyl`he&k h Xsygfj0 `cyex` K@H

nhhg&xfesznydgfseyl`he&xs`se Efuk 0xs`ye` huyefs ` gfxs`fs

"eg? `hsg|e

xù gf`hsg|e

`hsg|e

gf`hsg|e

Lgjuy` 3&01? Cg`jy`k` ce xs`ye qefsyu n gfxs`fs" FesznydGfseyl`he

Cefffgs"g` `sygiusebny exse xqehgffh`s æf sìeb` 3&0<& Cg`jy`k` ce xsyg hngfhgce

hu he` qefsyu sgqub FesznydGfxs`fhe" qyeefs`s æf ffjuy` 3&01&NHHG qn`se ff lnbnxgs ækqyeuf hu HCKG qefsyu ` nis

"gfe n jexsgnf`ye k`g eff+

hgefs ` yexuyxebny ce xsnh`ye& Qefsyu ` hnfehs` n yexuyx jexsgnf`s ce NHHG b`n yexuyx HCKG" `sygiusub nhhg&xsny`jebgfd&ce|ghegc xe |` xes` b` GC+ub ufug

hnfs`gfey HCKG&

Sìeb` 3&05? @sygiusebe sgqubug GQFesznydgfjGfseyl`he


nhhg&fesznyd&`ccyexx GQ3" GQ< 0 `cyex` GQ æf fns`s"ge HGCY

nhhg&fesznyd&j`sez`w GQ3" GQ< 1&&&0 `cyex` j`sez`w æf fns`s"ge HGCY

nhhg&fesznyd& bbnh sgnf Efuk 0keh`fgxkub ce `bnh`ye ` `cyexebny? cwf`kgh

xù xs`sgh

Sìeb` 3&0<? @sygiusebe sgqubug Xsny`jeBgfd@sygius Sgq Kub& Cexhygeye

nhhg&xsny`jebgfd&ce|ghegc Xsygfj 0 gcefsgffh`snyub cgxqngsg|ubug

nhhg&xsny`jebgfd&knufsqngfs Xsygfj 1&&&0qufhsub ce knfs`ye `b cgxqngsg|ubug cexsnh`ye æf XN n`xqese

nhhg&xsny`jebgfd&xs`se Efuk 0xs`ye` huyefs ` gfxs`fs

"eg? `hsg|e xù

gf`hsg|e

5:



3&8&5 Xs`sux

Yeheqs"g` xs`fc`ycubug NHHG ` lnxs uf` qngsg|" æf qyeefs e}gxséfc ceo` fuke+

yn`xe gkqbekefsyg fff`bg`se xù æf ce|nbs`ye& Qygk` gkqbekefs`ye ce yeleygfs" `

lnxs ce|nbs`s qefsyu qb`slnyk` nqef xnuyhe ce jexsgnf`ye ` gfly`xsyuhsuygg Nqef+Feiub`" c`y yehefs ` lnxs fff`bg`s x"g gkqbekefs`ye` qefsyu NqefXs`hd& Æf xhmgki"

qb`slnyk` Euh`bwqsux fu gfhbuce æfh n gkqbekefs`ye qefsyu NHHG& nhhg+qw exse nigibgnseh h`ye nley n gkqbekefs`ye ` ufug hbgefs x

"g xey|ey NHHG jefeygh æf bgkiòub

Qwsnf& nhhg3o`|` exse n gkqbekefs`ye æf O`|`" qe héfc HN+NHHG ce b` Hnk+q`sgibeNfe nley n gkqbekefs`ye æf H& Igibgnseh` ohbnucx ghbuce" ce `xekefe`" ngkqbekefs`ye NHHG& Sehmfgxhme Ufg|eyxgsãs Cnyskufc ` ce|nbs`s n gkqbekefs`yeNHHG qexse bgi|gys " n igibgnseh ce |gysu`bg`ye qefsyu Bgfu}&

3&3 Gfsejy`ye` xs`fc`ycebny

Ce|nbs`snygg xs`fc`ycubug NHHG ù quibgh`s uf xsucgu ce h` T03[ æf h`ye `f`bg+e` qnxgigbgs`se` gkqbekefsygg ufug hbnuc cexhmgx x

"g gfseynqeyìgb qygf gfsejy`ye`

hebny syeg xs`fc`yce qyeefs`se æf `hexs h`qgsnb& Xe usgbge` uf xhef`ygu gk`jgf`yqefsyu ` gf|exsgj` qygfhgq`bebe `xqehse `be ye`bgygg gfseynqeyìgbgss

"gg&

Ufub cgfsye hebe k`g gkqnys fse qynibeke exse kgjy`ye` c`sebny& Kgjy`ye` fuqyexuqufe cn`y uf keh`fgxk ce sy`fxley `b c`sebny ce b` uf hbnuc b` `bsub" hg gkqbghx"g qynibek` qnysìgbgss

"gg yexuyxebny& Kgjy`ye` x+`y quse` gfgs

"g` qygf gfseykecgub

NHHG" g`y HCKG `y `|e` uf ynb exefs"g`b æf sy`fxleyub c`sebny ce b` xuyx b` cexsgf`s

"ge&

3&3&0 Gfsejy`ye qefsyu uf @QG ufgs`y

Gkqbekefs`ye` ufug @QG ufgs`y qefsyu jexsgnf`ye` yexuyxebny ce xsnh`ye gkqbghgfsejy`ye` xs`fc`ycebny NHHG x

"g HCKG& NHHG nley uf h`cyu qefsyu nqey`s

"ggbe ce

jexsgnf`ye ce i`& Æf hùb æf h`ye luyfgnyub cnyex"se x e}quf n gfseyl`s

" ce

jexsgnf`ye ` yexuyxebny ce xsnh`ye k`g `|`fx`s" NHHG qeykgse gfsejy`ye` gfseyl`s"eg

HCKG& Xqehgffh`s"g` cexhyge æf ces`bgu kncub æf h`ye n yexuyx jexsgnf`s qygf HCKG

xe qn`se yeqyeefs` æf kncebub NHHG Gfly`xsyuhsuye&Gfsejy`ye` hebny cnu xs`fc`yce xe qn`se ye`bg` qygf sgqub Xsny`jeBgfd" hye+

éfc n bejsuy æfsye n gfxs`fs" ce yexuyx NHHG x

"g uf hnfs`gfey HCKG& Æf qyeefs

`he`xs

bej

suy

exse ufgcgyehs"

gnf`b

& N bej

suy

igcgyehs"

gnf`b

`y quse` qeykgsen gfsejy`ye k`g `céfh" nleygfc hbgefs"gbny HCKG gflnyk`s

"gg cexqye xey|ghggbe h`ye

usgbge` nigehsebe bny ce c`se&

3&3&9 Gfsejy`ye qefsyu `xgjuy`ye` qnysìgbgss"gg

Æf qyeefs xqehgffh`s"g` N\L fu gfhbuce knc`bgss

"g ce xh`b`ye |eysgh`b x

"g nygnf+

s`b" `xsleb xh`bìgbgs`se` qn`se ff ye`bg`s cn`y qygf usgbg`ye` xs`fc`ycubug N\L ækqyeuf hu NHHG& Gfsejy`ye` xs`fc`ycebny NHHG x

"g N\L `y qyexuqufe `cuj`ye`

b` xqehgffh`s"g` NHHG ` ufug sgq KGKE qygf h`ye hbgefsub x qn`se xqehgffh` luyfgnyub

l`qsub h cnyex"se x xnbghgse xù x nleye gflnyk`s

"gg æf lnyk`sub N\L&

5=



Sìebebe 3&0:" 3&0= x"g 3&07 qyegfs kncub æf h`ye kes`c`sebe cgf N\L xe qns

k`q` `xuqy` `sygiusebny NHHG x"g |ghe+|eyx`&

Sìeb` 3&0:? Hnyexqnfcefs"` æfsye N\L x

"g NHHG? Hnkquse

Cexhygeye N\L NHHG

`ymgsehsuy` qynhexnyubug

2|xxc?\gysu`bXwxsekSwqe6

&&&

2|xxc?\gysu`bXwxsekSwqe6

æf\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf

nhhg&hnkquse&`yhmgsehsuye

fukyub ce fuhbee

2y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe682.

y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6&&&2.

y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6


nhhg&hnkquse&hnyex

fukebe ce mnxs

2Qynqeysw n|l?dew;)mnxsf ke)

n|l?swqe;)xsygfj)6

&&&

2.Qynqeysw6

æfQyncuhsXehsgnf

nhhg&hnkquse&mnxsf`ke

lyeh|efs"` qynhexnyubug


y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6meys

/ 01ˌ72.y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6

2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6&&&2.y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6


nhhg&hnkquse&xqeec

h`fsgs`se` ce keknyge


y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6iwse

/ 01ˌ72.y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6

2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6&&&2.

y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6

æf

\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf

nhhg&hnkquse&keknyw

xs`ye` yexuyxeg ‘ nhhg&hnkquse&xs`se

3&5 Kncebe fexs`fc`ycg`se

Yeleygfs"` T99[ qynqufe uf knceb ce yeqyeefs`ye qefsyu uf jyuq ce k`x

"gfg |gy+

su`be& Kncebub" fukgs ce hsye ùsnyg kecgu |gysu`b " æx"g qynqufe x nleye uf h`cyu

xgkqbu x"g gfceqefcefs ce luyfgny qefsyu jyuq`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be cgf fg|ebub

gfly`xsyuhsuy

& Qygf gfseykecgub kecggbny |gysu`be" usgbg`snygg qns jyuq` hu ux"

uygfs"

`q`y`sebe |gysu`be æfsye h`ye e}gxs yeb`s"gg ce ceqefcgfs

"& Gcee` qygfhgq`b h`ye xe

57



Sìeb` 3&0=? Hnyexqnfcefs"` æfsye N\L x

"g NHHG? Fesznyd

Cexhygeye N\L NHHG

esghmes` yes"ebeg

2Qynqeysw n|l?dew;)bìeb)

n|l?swqe;)xsygfj)6

æfQyncuhsXehsgnf

nhhg&fesznyd&bìeb

gcefsgffh`sny \B@F

2Qynqeysw n|l?dew;)ugfs0<)

n|l?swqe;)xsygfj)6

æfQyncuhsXehsgnf

nhhg&fesznyd&|b`f

xs`ye` yexuyxeg ‘ nhhg&fesznyd&xs`se

Sìeb` 3&07? Hnyexqnfcefs"` æfsye N\L x

"g NHHG? Xsny`je

Cexhygeye N\L NHHG

h`q`hgs`se` ce xsnh`ye

2Cgxd n|l?cgxdGc;)|kcgxd9)

n|l?h`q`hgsw;)58<=:1709)6

æfCgxdXehsgnf

nhhg&xsny`je&xge

xs`ye` yexuyxeg ‘ nhhg&xsny`je&xs`se

` b` i`` kncebubug exse `hee` ce ` knceb` ffeh`ye `q`y`s |gysu`b ækqyeuf hu xey+|ghggbe nleygse& Xey|ghggbe xe kncebe` qygf bejsuyg æfsye `x

"` fukgsebe gfseyles

"ebe ce

xey|ghgg & Bejsuygbe cgfsye `hexse gfseyles"e qeykgs yeqyeefs`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be

æf hnfse}sub xey|ghggbny nleygse x" g hnfxuk`se& Æf `hexs knc usgbg`snygg qns yeqyeefs`ceqefcgfs

"ebe cgfsye `q`y`sebe |gysu`be qygf hnfehs`ye` `q`y`sebny h`ye nley uf `fu+

kgs xey|ghgu hu `q`y`se h`ye hnfxuk `heb xey|ghgu& Lgjuy` 3&00 gbuxsye` n `xslebce ceqefcgfs

"&

Lgjuy` 3&00? Bejsuy æfsye qufhsebe seykgf`be ce xey|ghgg ` cnu `q`y`se |gysu`be

Hghbub ce |g`s" `b ufug kecgu |gysu`b exse qyeefs`s æf Lgjuy` 3&09& Gfgs

"g`b usgbg+

`snyub syeiuge x cefffe`xh kecgub& Cefffgye` kecgubug hnfxs cgf xqehgffh`ye` `q`+y`sebny |gysu`be x

"g ` ceqefcgfs

"ebny cgfsye ebe& Nc`s cefffgs" uf kecgu |gysu`b qn`se

ff kncgffh`s xù b`fx`s & Kncgffh`ye` kecgubug qyexuqufe kncgffh`ye` xqehgffh`s"ggbny

ufny `q`y`se |gysu`be xù ` ufny yeb`s"gg& B`fx`ye` yeqyegfs qufeye` æf `qbgh`ye `

kncebubug æfsy+uf hbnuc G``X& Cuq b`fx`ye kecgub qn`se xuleyg uyksn`yebe xhmgk+iyg ce xs`ye? seykgf`ye " kncgffh ye cgf`kgh x

"g kncgffh ye xs`sgh & Seykgf ye`

hnfxs cgf nqygye` susuyny `q`y`sebny |gysu`be h`ye `q`ys"gf kncebubug& Kncgffh`ye`

cgf`kgh

qyexuqufe `bsey`ye` kncebubug -qygf `c

uj`ye`" xuqygk`ye` xù xhmgki`+ye` qynqygess"gbny ufny `q`y`se |gysu`be xù ` yeb`s

"ggbny cgfsye ebe' æf sgkq he `hexs`

<1



yube`& Æf hnfsy`xs" kncgffh`ye` xs`sgh xe `qbgh cuq nqygye` sekqny`y ` knce+bubug&

Lgjuy` 3&09? Hghbub ce |g`s" `b ufug kecgu |gysu`b

Nc`s cefffgs" uf knceb ce kecgu qeyxgxs æf lnyk`s ]KB& Yeqyeefs`ye` gf+hbuce" qe béfj `sygiusebe ce i` `be `q`y`sebny |gysu`be x

"g ` bejsuygbny cgfsye

gfseyles"ebe ce xey|ghgg" x

"g n bgxs ce ceqefcgfs

"e xnlsz`ye qefsyu ffeh`ye `q`y`s |gy+

su`b æf q`yse& @he`xs gflnyk`s"ge qeykgse |`bgc`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be æf`gfse ce

b`fx`ye& Cen`yehe kncebub qeykgse usgbg snyubug x b`fxee n gfxs`fs" ` kecgubug

|gysu`b" `qng x kncgffhe kecgub x"g x b`fxee n fnu gfxs`fs

"" kncebub ]KB syeiuge

x hnfs"gf x

"g gflnyk`s

"gg cexqye ye|gge& E}ekqbub uyksny gbuxsye` yeqyeefs`ye`

]KB ` ufug kecgu |gysu`b xgkqbu?

2>}kb |ey;‛ 0&1 ‛ efhncgfj;‛USL≡=‛>6

2\gysu`bEf|gynfkefs ye|;‛0‛6

2\EFnceBgxs6

2\EFnce6

2@qqbg`fhe ye|;‛0‛6

2f`ke6YnY Fnce2.f`ke6

2juexsNX |ey;‛01&13‛6Uiufsu2.juexsNX6

2ceqefcefhgex62ceq |ey;‛ 69&9&0<‛6@q`hme MSSQC2.ceq6

2ceq |ey;‛9&8&=‛6Yuiw nf Y`gbx2.ceq6

2ceq |ey;‛0&9&8‛6&&& esh &&&2.ceq6

2.ceqefcefhgex6

2.@qqbg`fhe6

2.\EFnce6

2\EFnce6

2@qqbg`fhe ye|;‛9‛6

2f`ke6KwXPB CI2 .f`ke6

2juexsNX |ey;‛01&13‛6Uiufsu2.juexsNX6

2ceqefcefhgex62ceq |ey;‛5&0&37‛6KwXPB2.ceq6

<0



2ceq |ey;‛0&9&8‛6&&& esh &&&2.ceq6

2.ceqefcefhgex6

2.@qqbg`fhe6

2.\EFnce6

2.\EFnceBgxs62\EFnceYeb`sgnfBgxs6

2\EFnceYeb`sgnf6

2f0F`ke6YnY @qqbg`fhe2.f0F`ke6

2f0Gfs swqe;‛c`sì`xe≡hnfxukey‛6ci2.f0Gfs6

2yeb`sgnfQynqeysgex6

2qynq dew;‛K`}@bbnzecHnff‛652.qynq6

2qynq dew;‛Esh‛6&&&2.qynq6

2.yeb`sgnfQynqeysgex6

2 f9F`ke6KwXPB CI2 .f9F`ke6

2f9Gfs swqe;‛c`sì`xe≡qyn|gcey‛6ci2.f9Gfs6

2.\EFnceYeb`sgnf62.\EFnceYeb`sgnfBgxs6

2.\gysu`bEf|gynfkefs6

@usnygg ù ebìny`s uf knceb |gu`b hnyexqufsny yeqyeefsygg ]KB x"g ù

ce|nbs`s uf ecgsny |gu`b qynsnsgq h`ye qeykgse usgbg`snygbny x cefffe`xh `q`+y`se |gysu`be x

"g x be jyuqee æf kecgg |gysu`be& Nc`s cefffgs `ymgsehsuy kecgubug

|gysu`b æf ecgsnyub |gu`b" `hexs` qeykgse xeyg`bg`ye` kncebubug æf lnyk`sub ]KBqyeefs`s k`g xux& Lgjuy` 3&08 qyegfs yeqyeefs`ye` |gu`b ` ufug kecgu |gysu`bxgkqbu&

Lgjuy` 3&08? Knceb ce kecgu |gysu`b hnkqbes

Æf T98[ ùsnygg qynquf n `ymgsehsuy qefsyu hnkqufeye` x"g cexl x

"uy`ye` xey|ghggbny

xnlsz`ye |gysu`be æf kecgub hbnuc& Æf h`cyub `hexseg `ymgsehsuyg xe qynqufe uf kn+ceb æf h`ye `q`y`sebe |gysu`be xufs qyg|gse h` ebekefse ce hnfxsyuhs

"gg qefsyu xey|ghgg

hnkquxe& @usnygg cefffexh uf qnys |gysu b" fukgs \Qnys " qygf h`ye xe jexsgnfe`hnkufgh`ye` æfsye cgleygsebe `q`y`se |gysu`be h`ye ækqyeuf nley uf `fukgs xey|ghgu&Uf \Qnys exse uf nigehs h`ye æfh`qxube` sn`se qynqygess

"gbe fehex`ye qefsyu eleh+

su`ye` ufug `fukgs sgq ce hnkufgh`ye& E}ekqbub uyk

sny qyegfs

yeqyeefs`ye`]KB `b ufug \Qnys?

<9



2xey|ghe\Qnys6

2bc`q@snkghQnys mnxs;)) qnys;)0177) uxey;)lnn) q`xxzc;)i`y)6

2`ssygiuseKes`C`s` `ssygiuse;)uxey) kusìbe;)l`bxe).6

2`ssygiuseKes`C`s` `ssygiuse;)q`xxzc) kusìbe;)l`bxe).6

2y`fjeHnfxsy`gfs `ssygiuse;)qnys) kgf\`bue;)0193).62.bc`q@snkghQnys6

2.xey|ghe\Qnys6

2hbgefs\Qnys hnfs`gfkefsYube;)]NY) nqsgnf`b;)syue) hnffehsec;)l`bxe)6

2bc`q@snkghQnys mnxs;)) qnys;)) uxey;)) q`xxzc;)).6

2lgbe@snkghQnys lgbe;)).6

2.hbgefs\Qnys6

Xe nixey| n xgkgb`ygs`se æfsye hebe cnu kncebe qyeefs`se æf `he`xs xehs"gufe&

@kiebe æx"g qynquf x nleye n xnbus

"ge qefsyu jyuq`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be" `xsleb

æfhés x nis"gf n yeqyeefs`ye ufgs`y qefsyu xey|ghggbe hnkquxe" h`ye x l`hgbgsee

gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` æf kncebub G``X&

<8



H`qgsnbub 5

@qbgh`s" ge

@qbgh`s"g` ye`bg`s æf h`cyub `hexseg buhyyg exse hnfhequs kncub`y x

"g hnfxs cgf

cnu hnkqnfefse cgxsgfhse" cuq huk uyke`?

• N|lBgi exse n igibgnseh ce hb`xe h`ye qeykgse k`fgqub`ye` ufug cexhygqsnyN\L x

"g e}qufe uf knceb ce yeqyeefs`ye h`ye qn`se ff usgbg`s ce `qbgh`s

"gg4

• N|lEcgsny exse n `qbgh`s"ge jy`ffh h`ye usgbge` hb`xebe cgf N|lBgi x

"g qeykgse

hye`ye`" yexqehsg| kncgffh`ye` ufny `q`y`se |gysu`be cexhygxe ce xs`fc`ycubN\L&

5&0 N|lBgi

Igibgnseh` N|lBgi exse bg|y`s xui lnyk` ufug ffx" gey CBB x" g hnfs" gfe æf qygkub yéfcn gey`ymge ce hb`xe qygf h`ye xe qn`se cexhyge uf q`hmes N\L& Kncebub uykyex

"se æf

jefey`b xsyuhsuy` cexhygqsnyubug N\L x"g nley hése n hb`x qefsyu ffeh`ye ebekefs cgf

`hexs`& Æf qbux" N|lBgi e}qufe kesnce ce xeyg bg`ye x"g cexeyg`bg`ye" h`ye qeykgs

x`b|`ye` kncebubug gfseyf æfsy+uf cexhygqsny N\L" yexqehsg| æfhyh`ye` kncebubugcgfsy+uf cexhygqsny N\L& Ce `xekefe`" N|lBgi nley uf keh`fgxk h`ye qeykgse|eygffh`ye` |`bgcgss

"gg ufug knceb&

Æf qyeefs N|lBgi yehufn`x"se |eyxgufe` 0&0 ` xqehgffh`s

"geg N\L" æfx fu sn`se

l`hgbgss"gbe `be `hexseg` xufs gkqbekefs`se& Æf qygkub yéfc" N|lBgi qn`se hgsg cn`y

ffx"geyub cexhygqsny" l y ` `|e` hufnx

"sgfs

" ce `bse ffx

"geye `be q`hmesubug N\L& Æf `hexs

knc jexsgnf`ye` ffx"

geyebny k`fglexs x"

g ce heysgffh`ye fu exse qnxgigb" g`y |eygffh`ye`|`bgcgss"gg xe i`e` e}hbuxg| qe gflnyk`s

"ggbe qyeefse æf cexhygqsny& N `bs bgkg+

s`ye ` igibgnsehgg N|lBgi exse `hee` h |eyxgufe` `hsu`b yehufn`x"se cn`y ebekefsebe

h`ye l`h q`yse cgf xqehgffh`s"g` ce i`" kes`c`sebe cgf e|efsu`bebe ebekefse x`u

`sygiuse ce e}sefxge fu xe yeqyegfs& Hnflnyk heygfs"ebny cgf xqehgffh`s

"ge" æf h`+

ub æf h`ye keh`fgxkub ce cexeyg`bg`ye jxex"se uf ebekefs ce e}sefxge hu `sygiusub

n|l?yepugyec;)l`bxe)" yexqgfje cexhygqsnyub& Fghg keh`fgxkub ce gfseyf`s"gnf`bg`+

ye ` se}sebny cexsgf`se `ffx"ygg fu exse gkqbekefs`s" kes`c`sebe `leyefse xufs gjfn+

y`se&

<3



5&0&0 Ces`bgg ce gkqbekefs`ye

N|lBgi ` lnxs gkqbekefs`s usgbgéfc bgkiòub H( x"g qb`slnyk` &Fes& Hb`xebe cgf

igibgnseh xufs nyj`fg`se æf syeg xq`s"gg ce fuke" cuq huk yegexe cgf cg`jy`k`

ce q`hmese qyeefs`s æf ffjuy` 5&0& Cn y q`hmesub ce i` N|lBgi x"

g xuiq`hme+sub N|lBgi&N|l hnfs"gf hb`xe quibghe" hb`xebe cgf N|lBgi&Usgb ffgfc hb`xe usgbgs`ye

cexsgf`se usgbgygg gfseyfe&

N|lBgi

N|l Usgb

Lgjuy` 5&0? Cg`jy`k` ce q`hmese qefsyu N|lBgi

Hb`xebe quibghe h`ye fu `q`ys"gf cgyehs kncebubug ce c`se h`ye cexhyge `q`y`sub

|gysu`b N\L xufs jyuq`se æf q`hmesub N|lBgi?

N|lBgi&N|lXeyg`bgey

Nley n kesnc quibgh h`ye qeykgse xeyg`bg`ye` kncebubug ce nigehse æfsy+uf

cexhygqsny N\L4

N|lBgi&N|lCexeyg`bgey

Nley n kesnc quibgh h`ye qeykgse hnfxsyugye` gey`ymgeg ce nigehse qe i`ùfug cexhygqsny N\L4

N|lBgi&N|lE}heqsgnf

Yeqyegfs n e}heqs"ge qyncux æf sgkqub ufeg nqey`s

"gg `xuqy` kncebubug N\L&

Æf jefey`b xe `yufh `sufhg héfc xe hnfxs`s n xs`ye gf|`bgc cgf qufhsub ce|eceye ` xqehgffh`s

"geg&

Q`hmesub N|lBgi&N|l hnfs"

gfe hb`xebe h`ye `q`ys"

gf kncebubug ce c`se& Æf hnfsg+fu`ye xufs efukey`se hb`xebe yebe|`fse cgf `hexs q`hmes& Æf jefey`b" fukebe hb`xebnyhngfhgce hu fukebe ebekefsebny hnyexqufsn`ye cgf cexhygqsnyub N\L" hu hése|è}heqs

"gg h`ye |ny ff fns`se&

N|lBgi&N|l&GN|lHnkqnfefs

Cefffex"se n gfseyl`s

" hnkuf qefsyu sn`se hnkqnfefsebe h`ye `bhsugexh knce+

bub cexhygqsnyubug N\L& Gkqufe kesnce hnkufe qefsyu xeyg`bg`ye` x"g |`bgc`ye`

hnkqnfefsebny4

N|lBgi&N|l&N|lHnkqnfefs

Xuqeyhb`x

ìxsy`hs

h`ye gkqbekefse`

kesnce hnkufe qefsyu sn`se hnk+qnfefsebe4

<5



N|lBgi&N|l&QyncuhsXehsgnf

Yeqyegfs xehs"gufe` h`ye xqehgffh gflnyk`s

"gg cexqye jefey`be cexqye n k`x

"gf

|gysu`b xù n hnbehs"ge ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be" gfhbuxg| fukebe x

"g |eyxgufe` hexsug`4

N|lBgi&N|l&Gfxs`bbXehsgnfXehs

"gufe h`ye xqehgffh l`qsub h k`x

"gf` |gysu`b syeiuge qnyfgs qefsyu ` eleh+

su` gfxs`b`ye` x"g hnfffjuy`ye` `hexsug`4

N|lBgi&N|l&@ffns`sgnfXehsgnf

Yeqyegfs n xehs"gufe h`ye hnfs

"gfe n `cfns`ye ce lnyk bgiey x

"g hnyexqufce

ebekefsubug hu `heb`x"g fuke cgf xqehgffh`s

"g` N\L4

N|lBgi&N|l&Eub`Xehsgnf

Xqehgffh `hnycub ce bghefs" qefsyu n xnlsz`ye+ub gfhbux æf q`hmes4

N|lBgi&N|l&Xs`ysuqXehsgnfYeqyegfs n xehs"gufe h`ye cexhyge kncub æf h`ye `q`y`sub |gysu`b qn`se ff

qnyfgs4

N|lBgi&N|l&Xs`ysuqGsek

Cexhyge n knc`bgs`se æf h`ye hnbehs"g` ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be qn`se ff qnyfgs x

"g

hnyexqufce ebekefsubug Gsek cgf Xs`ysuqXehsgnf 4

N|lBgi&N|l&Yexnuyhe@bbnh`sgnfXehsgnf

Yeqyegfs n xehs"gufe cgf cexhygqsnyub N\L h`ye cexhyge yexuyxebe `bnh`se ufeg

hnbehs"gg ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be&

5&9 N|lEcgsny

N|lEcgsny exse n `qbgh`s"ge jy`ffh qefsyu kecgub Zgfcnzx h`ye qeykgse hye`ye` x

"g

kncgffh`ye` `q`y`sebny |gysu`be cexhygxe æf lnyk`s N\L& N|lEcgsny nley n gfseyl`s"

xgkqb x"g gfsugsg| h`ye xe `cyexe` æf qygfhgq`b usgbg`snygbny h`ye fu ù hufnx

"sgfs

"e

cexqye lnyk`sub N\L& Æf xhmgki gkqufe x"g hése|` yexsyghs

"gg" gkqbekefséfc cn`y uf

xuixes cgf kubsgqbebe l`hgbgss"g nleygse ce `hexs lnyk`s& Cex

"g `q`y`sebe qns ff hnkqbe}e

æf xefxub h uf q`hmes qn`se hnfs"gfe `yigsy`y ce kubse k`x

"gfg |gysu`be" hnfffjuy s

"ggbe

k`x"gfgbny qns |`yg` cn`y æf bgkgse qyexsìgbgse& Ce e}ekqbu n k`x

"gf |gysu`b hye`s

hu N|lEcgsny fu |` quse` `|e` k`g kubs ce = JI ce keknyge Y@K" k`g kubs ce= fuhbee ce qynhexny xù uf xgfjuy qnys UXI& Ce `xekefe`" kes`c`sebe `xnhg`se`q`y subug |gysu`b xufs bgkgs`se& N|lEcgsny fu qeykgse" ce e}ekqbu" xqehgffh`ye`kncubug ce qnyfgye xù ` gfhbuceygg k`g kubse kncuyg ce `bnh`ye ` yexuyxebny& Æfqbux" |`yg`fs` huyefs ` `qbgh`s

"geg fu qn`se hgsg `ymg|e &n|`" `hexse` |ny syeiug

ce`ymg|`se æf`gfse ce ` xe quse` ecgs` hu N|lEcgsny&

<:



5&9&0 Jmgc ce usgbg`ye

Lgjuy` 5&9 qyegfs gfseyl`s"` hu usgbg`snyub ` `qbgh`s

"geg N|lEcgsny x

"g e|gcefs

"g`

qygfhgq`bebe hnkqnfefse `be `hexseg`& Gfseyl s"

` æg qeykgse usgbg`snyubug elehsu`yeùyksn`yebny nqey`s"gg?

hye`ye` ufug `q`y`s |gysu`b fnu? uf `q`y`s |gysu`b fnu xe qn`se hye` ffe qygfnqs

"gufe` Fez \gysu`b @qqbg`fhe&&& cgf kefgub Lgbe " ffe l héfc hbghd qe qgh+

snjy`k` ce qe i`y` ce gfxsyukefse& Leye`xsy` cg bnj h`ye `q`ye | qey+kgse xebehs`ye` cgyehsnyubug æf h`ye xe cnyex

"se hye`ye` q`hmesubug N\L x

"g qye+

hg`ye` ufug fuke qefsyu q`hmes& Cexhygqsnyub N\L |` ff x`b|`s hu `hexsfuke& Gfseyl`s

"` qeykgse ecgs`ye` ufug xgfjuy `q`y`s |gysu`b b` uf knkefs

c`s" æf hnfxehgfs" hye`ye` xù cexhmgceye` ufug `q`y`s |gysu`b fnu |` yeubs`

æf æfhmgceye` `q`y`subug ecgs`s huyefs& @qbgh`s"

g` `|eysge`

c`h

cesehse`

qnxgigbgs`se` qgeyceygg ce gflnyk`s"gg æf `he`xs xgsu`s

"ge4

cexhmgceye` ufug `q`ys |gysu`b fnu? uf cexhygqsny N\L qn`se ff cexhmgx xebeh+séfc nqs

"gufe` Nqef N\L Cexhygqsny&&& cgf kefgub Lgbe xù l héfc hbghd qe

qghsnjy`k` ce qe i`y` ce gfxsyukefse& Leye`xsy` cg`bnj h`ye `q`ye |qeykgse xebehs`ye` ffx

"geyubug cnygs& Æf hùb æf h`ye N|lEcgsny qn`se gfseyqyes`

`q`y`sub |gysu`b xebehs`s" hnfffjuy`s"g` `hexsug` |` ff æfhyh`s æf gfseyl`s

"` jy`+

ffh `xsleb æfhés x xe qn`s kncgffh` x"g yex`b|`&

x`b|`ye` `q`ysubug |gysu`b ecgs`s? `q`y`sub |gysu`b ecgs`s xe qn`se x`b|` qygf

nqs"gufe` X`|e cgf kefgub Lgbe xù l héfc hbghd qe gk`jgfe` ce qe i`y`

ce gfxsyukefse& Xe |` jefey` uf cexhygqsny N\L qefsyu `q`y`sub |gysu`b hu+yefs x

"g xe |` x`b|` æf cgyehsnyub xebehs`s b` hye`ye& Æf hùb æf h`ye `q`y`sub fu

exse ufub fnu hye`s" cexhygqsnyub fnu |` xuqy`xhyge cexhygqsnyub |ehmg4

æfhmgceye` `q`y`subug |gysu`b cexhmgx? nqs"gufe` Hbnxe cgf kefgub Lgbe qeykgse

æfhmgceye` `q`y`subug |gysu`b& Æf hùb æf h`ye e}gxs kncgffhyg fex`b|`se" xe|` xnbghgs` n hnfffyk`ye cgf q`yse` usgbg`snyubug4

yecefukgye` `q`y`subug |gysu`b cexhmgx? `q`y`sub |gysu`b cexhmgx qn`se ff yece+fukgs xebehséfc nqs

"gufe` Yef`ke cgf kefgub Ecgs xù l héfc hbghd qe qghsn+

jy`k` ce qe i`y` ce gfxsyukefse4

`cuj`ye` ufeg k`x"gfg |gysu`be? `cuj`ye` ufeg fng k`x

"gfg |gysu`be b` q`hmes

xe qn`se ye`bg` xebehséfc fncub ychgf cgf `yinyebe k`x"gfgbny |gysu`be x

"g

`qxéfc iusnfub hu gk`jgfe` & K`x"gf` |gysu`b xe |` hye` hu hnfffjuy`s

"g`

gkqbghgs h`ye xe |` quse` kncgffh` k`fu`b4

x"seyjeye` ufeg k`x

"gfg |gysu`be? x

"seyjeye` ufeg k`x

"gfg |gysu`be cgf q`hmes xe qn`se

ye`bg` xebehséfc fncub h`ye hnyexqufce k`x"gfgg |gysu`be qe h`ye cnygk x n

x"

seyjek x"

g l

héfc hbghd qe iusnfub & Cen`yehe `he`xs

nqey`s"

ge fu xe qn`seye|nh`" `qbgh`s"g` |` xnbghgs` hnfffyk`ye` nqey`s

"geg æf`gfse ce ` n e}ehus`4

<=



ecgs`ye` hnfffjuy`s"geg ufeg k`x

"gfg |gysu`be? hnfffjuy`s

"g` k`x

"gfgg |gysu`be xe qn`+

se ecgs` f`|gjéfc qygf hebe q`syu sì+uyg cgf q`fnub ce hnfffjuy`ye& Sì+ubJefey`b qeykgse ecgs`ye` gflnyk`s

"ggbny jefey`be cexqye k`x

"gf` |gysu`b" qye+

huk fukebe x"g |eyxgufe` `hexsug`& Xgxsekub ce nqey`ye gfxs`b`s xe qn`se xebehs`

qe sì+ub Xnlsz`ye " g`y `hnycub ce bghefs" xe qn`se xqehgffh` qygf sì+ub Eub` &Hnfffjuy`s

"g` m`ycz`ye xe qn`se ecgs` xebehséfc sì+ub M`ycz`ye x

"g `qng uf xui+

sì `b `hexsug`& Sì+ub m`cz`ye I`xe Xwxsek qeykgse hnfffjuy`ye` fuhbeebnyce qynhexny x

"g ` keknygeg Y@K" qe héfc cgf sì+ub Cgxqb`w xe qn`se hnfsynb`

keknyg` |gcen& Xsny`je hnfs"gfe hnfffjuy`s

"g` cgxqngsg|ebny ce xsnh`ye" qe héfc

Qnysx l`he qnxgigb `hsg|`ye` xù ce`hsg|`ye` qnys+ubug UXI x"g ` hebug xeyg`b&

Yes"ebebe |gysu`be xe qns hnfffjuy` qygf gfseykecgub sì+ubug Fesznyd 4

xebehs`ye` qefsyu ecgs`ye ` ufeg k`x"gfg |gysu`be? q`fnub ce hnfffjuyyg `y`s

keyeu xesygbe qefsyu k`x"gf` |gysu`b xebehs`s& Xebehséfc n k`x

"gf |gysu`b

cgleygs

cgf bgxs

|` qeykgse ecgs`ye` k`x"

gfgg |gysu`be yexqehsg|e4

q`fnu ce hnfffjuy`ye qefsyu k`ȗgf` |gysu`bĈ xebehs`sĈ

xsyuhsuy` q`hmesubug N\Li`yĈ ce gfxsyukefse

kefgub `qbgh`Ũgeg

Lgjuy` 5&9? Gfseyl`s"` jy`ffh ` `qbgh`s

"geg N|lEcgsny

<7



5&9&9 Ces`bgg ce gkqbekefs`ye

@qbgh`s"g` ` lnxs xhygx æf bgkiòub H(" gfseyl`s

"` jy`ffh ffgfc ye`bg`s hu òusnyub

@QG+ubug Zgfcnzx Lnykx& N|lEcgsny xe iè` qe igibgnseh` N|lBgi qefsyu hgsgye x"g

xhygeye æf lnyk`s N\L" gfseyf æfx usgbge` uf `bs knceb ce c`se" `c`qs`s b` xqehgff+hub qbgh`s"geg& @hexs knceb exse cexhygx ce hb`xebe cgf xuiq`hmesub N|lEcgsny&Knceb&

Lgjuy` 5&8 gbuxsye` cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe qefsyu `hexs q`hmes& Æf hnfsgfu`ye qyeef+sk qe xhuys ynbub ffehyeg hb`xe æf q`yse?

Lgjuy` 5&8? Cg`jy`k` ce hb`xe qefsyu q`hmesub N|lEcgsny&Knceb

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&@ixsy`hsKnceb

Hb`x ce i` ìxsy`hs qefsyu sn`se hb`xebe cgf knceb& Gkqufe uf keh`fgxkqygf h`ye xe qn`se |eygffh` c`h kncebub ` lnxs kncgffh`s xù fu ce b` ubsgk`x`b|`ye x

"g cefffex

"se uf h`cyu qefsyu `hsu`bg`ye` |gez+ubug4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&\gysu`b@qqbg`fhe

Yeqyegfs uf q`hmes N\L x"g exse kncebub æfsyejgg gfseyles

"e& Hnfs

"gfe n bgxs

ce gfxs`fs"e ce k`x

"gfg |gysu`be4

:1



N|lEcgsny&Knceb&\gysu`bK`hmgfe

Yeqyegfs n k`x"gf |gysu`b x

"g exse kncebub ufug fnc cgf bgxs` ce k`x

"gfg

|gysu`be& Hnfs"gfe gfxs`fs

"ebe kncebebny qefsyu xesyg4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&Jefey`bXessgfjxYeqyegfs xesygbe jefey`be qefsyu n k`x

"gf |gysu`b" gfhbuxg| fukebe x

"g |ey+

xgufe` `hexseg`& Exse kncebub qefsyu sì+ub Jefey`b cgf gfseyl`s"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&M`ycz`yeXessgfjx

Cexhyge hnfffjuy s"g` m`ycz`ye qefsyu n k`x

"gf |gysu`b x

"g hnfs

"gfe kncebe xqe+

hg`bg`se qefsyu ffeh`ye hnkqnfefs m`ycz`ye æf q`yse& Hnyexqufce sì+ubugM`ycz`ye cgf gfseyl`s

"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&I`xeXwxsekXessgfjx

Cexhyge xesygbe qefsyu qynhexny x"g keknyg` Y@K& Exse kncebub qefsyu sì+ub

I`xe Xwxsek cgf gfseyl`s"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&Cgxqb`wXessgfjx

Cexhyge xesygbe qefsyu keknyg` |gcen& Exse kncebub qefsyu sì+ub Cgxqb`w cgf gfseyl`s

"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&Xsny`jeXessgfjx

Yeqyegfs hnfffjuy`s"g` qefsyu cgxqngsg|ebe ce xsnh`ye |gysu`be" m`yc cgxd+uyg

x"g cgxhuyg nqsghe& Exse kncebub qefsyu sì+ub Xsny`je cgf gfseyl`s

"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&QnysxXessgfjx

Cexhyge xes

ygbe qefsyu qnys+uygbe UXI x"

g hebe xeyg`be& Hnyexqufce sì+ubugQnysx cgf gfseyl`s"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&FesznydXessgfjx

Yeqyegfs hnfffjuy`s"g` yes

"ebebny |gysu`be& Exse kncebub qefsyu sì+ub Fesznyd

cgf gfseyl`s"` jy`ffh4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&Cgxd

Yeqyegfs uf cgxh |gysu`b jefeygh h`ye qn`se ff `sés ce sgq nqsgh" hés x"g m`yc

cgxd4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&GCECgxd

Yeqyegfs uf cgxh |gysu`b hnfehs`s b` qnysub GCE4

N|lEcgsny&Knceb&X@S@Cgxd

Yeqyegfs uf cgxh |gysu`b hnfehs`s b` qnysub X@S@&

5&9&8 E}ekqbu ce yub`ye

E}ekqbub 9 cgf `fe}` @ qyegfs cexhygqsnyub N\L qefsyu uf q`hmes hu n xgfjuyk`x

"gf |gysu`b" hye`s hu N|lEcgsny& Hnfffjuy`s

"g` k`x

"gfgg |gysu`be cgf e}ekqbu exse

he` cexhygx k`g onx?

:0



Gflnyk`s"gg jefey`be

• Fuke? Xgkqbe @qqbg`fhe

• \eyxgufe? 0&1• Bghefs

"? Hnqwygjms h• 9109 @ynf \gyjgf`x

Xnlsz`ye

• Xgxsek ce nqey`ye? Bgfu}

• \eyxgufe? Ceig`f

M`ycz`ye

• Fuhbee qynhexny? 0

• Keknyge Y@K? 0193 KI

• Keknyge |gcen? 95< KI

• Qnys UXI? C`

• Qnys xeyg`b? Fu

Cgxhuyg GCE

• Fuke? hc0

• Sgq? HC.C\C

• Qnys? Qygk`yw K`xsey

Cgxhuyg X@S@

• Fuke? cgxd0

• Sgq? M`yc Cgxd

• Qnys? 1

• Gk`jgfe? cgxd0&|kcd

Yes"ebe

• @c`qsny 0? C`" hnfehs`s b` yes"e`u` )\gysu`b Fesznyd)

• @c`qsny 9? Fu

:9



Hnfhbugg

Gfly`xsyuhsuy` |gysu`bg`s x"g `ymgsehsuy` kubsg+sef`fs qeykgs luyfgnygbny cgf cn+

kefgub hbnuc hnkqusgfj x nleye xey|ghgg leb}gigbe x"g xh`bìgbe b` heygfs

"ebe gfcg|gcu`be

`be hnfxuk`snygbny& Æf qbux" hnfsnyg`ye` xey|ghgubug x"g kncebub ce qb`s usgbgs`y l`h

cgf hbnuc hnkqusgfj n xnbus"ge `sy`hsg| x

"g yefsìgb cgf qufhs ce |eceye fff`fhg`y& Æf

hnfxehgfs"" æf qyeefs `xgxsk b` hyex

"seye y`qgc ` qnqub`ygss

"gg `hexseg q`y`cgjke&

Æf hguc` qnqub`ygss" gg æfx" hbnuc hnkqusgfj fu exse æfh n semfnbnjge k`suy x" gqyegfs fukeyn`xe qyn|nhyg x"g qynibeke cexhmgxe& Gfseynqeyìgbgs`se` x

"g qnysìgbg+

s`se` yeqyegfs qn`se hebe k`g gkqnys`fse qynibeke cexhmgxe æf hbnuc hnkqusgfj"xnbus

"gnf`ye` hyny` xe `x

"se`qs ce b` qynhexub ce xs`fc`ycg`ye æf cexl x

"uy`ye&

Æf `fgg yehefs"g x+ù ce|nbs`s syeg xs`fc`yce gkqnys`fse h`ye `cyexe` qynibekebe

`kgfsgse? N\L" HCKG x"g NHHG& Qe héfc N\L nley n xnbus

"ge qefsyu qnysìgbgs`se`

`q`y`sebny |gysu`be h`ye xsù b` i`` gfly`xsyuhsuygg hbnuc" NHHG x"g HCKG ìny+

ce` qynibek` gfseynqeyìgbgss"gg x

"g qynquf keh`fgxke xs`fc`yc ce jexsgnf`ye `

yexuyxebny&Gfsejy`ye` hebny syeg xs`fc`yce qn`se l`he qnxgigb hnfxsyugye` ufug hbnuc cexhmgx"

æf h`ye jexsgnf`ye` x"

g kgjy`ye` yexuyxebny xe ye`bge`

qe i`` ufug keh`fgxk igfecefffgs" nleygfc `xsleb n xnbus"ge b` qynibek` gfseynqeyìgbgss

"gg x

"g ` qnysìgbgss

"gg&

:8



@fe}` @

E}ekqbe

0& Cexhygqsny N\L hnkqbes qefsyu uf `q`y`s |gysu`b xgkqbu T0<[?

2>}kb |eyxgnf;)0&1) efhncgfj;)USL+=)>6

2Ef|ebnqe }kbfx?}xg;)mssq?..zzz&z8&nyj.9110.]KBXhmek`+gfxs`fhe)

}kbfx;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.n|l.0.ef|ebnqe)

}kbfx?n|l;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.n|l.0.ef|ebnqe)

}kbfx?|xxc;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.ziek.zxhgk.0.hgk+xhmek`.9.

HGK^\gysu`bXwxsekXessgfjC`s`)

}kbfx?y`xc;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.ziek.zxhgk.0.hgk+xhmek`.9.

HGK^Yexnuyhe@bbnh`sgnfXessgfjC`s`)6

2Yeleyefhex6

2Lgbe n|l?gc;)lgbe0) n|l?myel;)|kcgxd0&|kcd)

n|l?xge;)0=1003<:0).62.Yeleyefhex6

2CgxdXehsgnf6

2Gfln6Cexhygiex sme xes nl |gysu`b cgxdx2.Gfln6

2Cgxd n|l?cgxdGc;)|kcgxd0) n|l?lgbeYel;)lgbe0)

n|l?h`q`hgsw;)39737<:97<)

n|l?lnyk`s;)mssq?..zzz&|kz`ye&hnk.gfseyl`hex.xqehglgh`sgnfx.

|kcd&mskb(xq`yxe).6

2.CgxdXehsgnf6

2FesznydXehsgnf6

2Gfln6Bgxs nl bnjgh`b fesznydx uxec gf sme q`hd`je2.Gfln6

2Fesznyd n|l?f`ke;)\K Fesznyd)62Cexhygqsgnf6Sme fesznyd sm`s sme xey|ghe zgbb ie `|`gb`ibe nf

2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Fesznyd6

2.FesznydXehsgnf6

2\gysu`bXwxsek n|l?gc;)|k)6

2Gfln6Cexhygiex ` |gysu`b k`hmgfe2.Gfln6

2F`ke6\gysu`b @qqbg`fhe Nfe2.F`ke6

2QyncuhsXehsgnf6

2Gfln6Cexhygiex qyncuhs gflnyk`sgnf lny sme `qqbg`fhe2.Gfln6

2Qyncuhs6Sme Jye`s @qqbg`fhe2.Qyncuhs6

2\efcny6Xnke Jye`s Hnyqny`sgnf2.\efcny62\eyxgnf608&112.\eyxgnf6

:3



2Lubb\eyxgnf608&11+i52.Lubb\eyxgnf6

2QyncuhsUyb6mssq?..zzz&xnkejye`shnyqny`sgnf&hnk.jye`s`qqbg`fhe

2.QyncuhsUyb6

2\efcnyUyb6mssq?..zzz&xnkejye`shnyqny`sgnf&hnk.2.\efcnyUyb6

2Qynqeysw n|l?dew;)`ckgf&ek`gb) n|l?swqe;)xsygfj)62Cexhygqsgnf6Ek`gb `ccyexx nl `ckgfgxsy`sny2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Qynqeysw6

2Qynqeysw n|l?dew;)`qq&gq) n|l?swqe;)xsygfj)

n|l?cel`ubs\`bue;)079&0<=&1&01)6

2Cexhygqsgnf6Sme GQ `ccyexx nl smgx `qqbg`fhe2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Qynqeysw6

2.QyncuhsXehsgnf6

2@ffns`sgnfXehsgnf n|l?yepugyec;)l`bxe)6

2Gfln6@ y`fcnk `ffns`sgnf nf smgx xey|ghe& Gs h`f ie gjfnyec

2.Gfln6

2@ffns`sgnf6Hnfs`hs huxsnkey xuqqnys gl wnu m`|e `fw qynibekx2.@ffns`sgnf6

2.@ffns`sgnfXehsgnf6

2Eub`Xehsgnf6

2Gfln6Bghefxe gflnyk`sgnf lny sme `qqbg`fhe2.Gfln6

2Bghefxe6Gfxeys wnuy l`|nygse bghefxe meye2.Bghefxe6

2.Eub`Xehsgnf6

2\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf6

2Gfln695<KI" 0 HQU" 0 cgxd" 0 fgh2.Gfln6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Fukiey nl |gysu`b HQUx2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke60 |gysu`b HQU2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke62y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC602.y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC6

2y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe682.y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw602.y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6

2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6iwse / 9V912.y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Keknyw Xge2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke695< KI nl keknyw2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6

2y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC692.y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC6


2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw695<2.y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw62.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?@usnk`sgh@bbnh`sgnf6syue2.y`xc?@usnk`sgh@bbnh`sgnf6

2y`xc?Hnffehsgnf6\K Fesznyd2.y`xc?Hnffehsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6Esmeyfes `c`qsey nf )\K Fesznyd)

2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6



2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6M`yccgxd 02.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6

:5



2y`xc?MnxsYexnuyhe6n|l?.cgxd.|kcgxd02.y`xc?MnxsYexnuyhe6


2y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe60:2.y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2.Gsek6

2.\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf62Nqey`sgfjXwxsekXehsgnf n|l?gc;)5=) n|l?yepugyec;)l`bxe)6

2Gfln6Juexs Nqey`sgfj Xwxsek2.Gfln6

2Cexhygqsgnf6Zgfcnzx 9111 @c|`fhec Xey|ey2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Nqey`sgfjXwxsekXehsgnf6

2.\gysu`bXwxsek6

2.Ef|ebnqe6

9& E}ekqbu ce cexhygqsny N\L hye`s hu `qbgh`s"g` N|lEcgsny?

2>}kb |eyxgnf;)0&1)>6

2Ef|ebnqe }kbfx;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.n|l.ef|ebnqe.0)

}kbfx?n|l;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.n|l.ef|ebnqe.0)

}kbfx?n|lef|;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.n|l.ef|gynfkefs.0)

}kbfx?hgk;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.ziek.zxhgk.0.hnkknf)

}kbfx?y`xc;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.ziek.zxhgk.0.hgk+xhmek`.9.

HGK^Yexnuyhe@bbnh`sgnfXessgfjC`s`)

}kbfx?|xxc;)mssq?..xhmek`x&cksl&nyj.ziek.zxhgk.0.hgk+xhmek`.9.

HGK^\gysu`bXwxsekXessgfjC`s`)6

2Yeleyefhex6

2Lgbe n|l?gc;)lgbe0) n|l?myel;)cgxd0&|kcd) n|l?xge;)917:05911).6

2.Yeleyefhex6

2CgxdXehsgnf6

2Gfln6Cexhygiex sme xes nl |gysu`b cgxdx2.Gfln6

2Cgxd n|l?cgxdGc;)hc0) n|l?h`q`hgsw;)1).6

2Cgxd n|l?cgxdGc;)cgxd0) n|l?h`q`hgsw;)1) n|l?myel;)lgbe0).6

2.CgxdXehsgnf6

2FesznydXehsgnf6

2Gfln6Bgxs nl bnjgh`b fesznydx uxec gf sme q`hd`je2.Gfln6

2Fesznyd n|l?f`ke;)\gysu`b Fesznyd)6

2Cexhygqsgnf6Fesznyd ‗\gysu`b Fesznyd‗2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Fesznyd6

2.FesznydXehsgnf6

2\gysu`bXwxsek n|l?gc;)|gysu`b+k`hmgfe+0)6

2Gfln6@ |gysu`b k`hmgfe2.Gfln6

2F`ke6\gysu`b K`hmgfe2.F`ke6

2Nqey`sgfjXwxsekXehsgnf n|l?gc;)0)6

2Gfln6Xqehglgex sme nqey`sgfj xwxsek gfxs`bbec2.Gfln6

2Cexhygqsgnf6Nsmey2.Cexhygqsgnf6

2.Nqey`sgfjXwxsekXehsgnf6

2\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf6

2Gfln6\gysu`b m`ycz`ye yepugyekefsx lny ` |gysu`b k`hmgfe2.Gfln6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Fukiey nl HQU hnyex2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke60 HQU hnye-x'2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6

:<






2.Gsek6

2Gsek62y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6iwse / 01V<2.y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Keknyw xge2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke60193 KI nl keknyw2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6




2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6iwse / 01V<2.y`xc?@bbnh`sgnfUfgsx6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6\gcen keknyw xge2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke695< KI nl |gcen keknyw2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke62y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC682.y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC6


2y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw695<2.y`xc?\gysu`bPu`fsgsw6

2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6GCE hnfsynbbey2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6gce2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6



2.Gsek6

2Gsek62y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6X@S@ hnfsynbbey2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6x`s`2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6



2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6HC.C\C cyg|e2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6hc02.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6

2y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC6:2.y`xc?Gfxs`fheGC6

2y`xc?Q`yefs632.y`xc?Q`yefs6

2y`xc?YexnuyheXuiSwqe6Qygk`yw K`xsey2.y`xc?YexnuyheXuiSwqe62y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe60<2.y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Cgxd gk`je2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6cgxd02.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6

2y`xc?MnxsYexnuyhe6cgxd.cgxd02.y`xc?MnxsYexnuyhe6


2y`xc?Q`yefs652.y`xc?Q`yefs6

2y`xc?YexnuyheXuiSwqe612.y`xc?YexnuyheXuiSwqe6

2y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe60:2.y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6

2.Gsek6

::



2Gsek6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6UXI hnfsynbbey2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6uxi2.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6


2y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe6982.y`xc?YexnuyheSwqe62.Gsek6

2Gsek6

2y`xc?Hnffehsgnf6\gysu`b Fesznyd2.y`xc?Hnffehsgnf6

2y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6Esmeyfes `c`qsey nf ‗\gysu`b Fesznyd‗

2.y`xc?Cexhygqsgnf6

2y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6fesznyd02.y`xc?EbekefsF`ke6



2.Gsek6

2.\gysu`bM`ycz`yeXehsgnf6

2QyncuhsXehsgnf62Gfln6Cexhygiex qyncuhs gflnyk`sgnf lny sme xey|ghe2.Gfln6

2Qyncuhs6\gysu`b K`hmgfe2.Qyncuhs6

2\eyxgnf602.\eyxgnf6

2Lubb\eyxgnf602.Lubb\eyxgnf6

2.QyncuhsXehsgnf6

2Eub`Xehsgnf6

2Gfln6Bghefxgfj `jyeekefs2.Gfln6

2Bghefxe6Hnqwygjms -H' 9109 @ynf \gyjgf`x2.Bghefxe6

2.Eub`Xehsgnf6

2.\gysu`bXwxsek6

2.Ef|ebnqe6

:=



Igibgnjy`ffe

T0[ O& Z& Ygssgfjmnuxe" O& L& Y`fxnke ‘ Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj? Gkqbekefs`sgnf" K`+f`jekefs" `fc Xehuygsw " HYH Qyexx" GXIF+08? 7:=+0387=1<=1: -9117'

T9[ P& _m`fj" B& Hmefj" Y& Inus`i` ‘ Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj? Xs se nl sme @ys `fc Yexe`yhm Hm`bbefjex " gf? Onuyf`b nl Gfseyfes Xey|ghex `fc @qqbgh`sgnfx" |nb& 0"

qq& :+0= -9101'T8[ B& Z`fj" J& |nf B`xezxdg" @& Wnufje" ]& Me" K& Dufe" O& S`n" Hm& Lu ‘

Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj? ` Qeyxqehsg|e Xsucw " gf? Fez Jefey sgnf Hnkqusgfj" |nb&9=" fn& 9" qq& 08:+03< -9101'

T3[ S& Cgbbnf" Hm& Zu" E& Hm`fj ‘ Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj? Gxxuex `fc Hm`bb`fjex " gf?Qynheecgfjx nl sme 93sm GEEE Gfseyf`sgnf`b Hnfleyefhe nf @c|`fhec Gflnyk`+sgnf Fesznydgfj `fc @qqbgh`sgnfx" qq& 93+88 -9101'

T5[ I& Q& Ygk`b" E& Hmng" G& Buki ‘ @ S`}nfnkw" Xuy|ew" `fc Gxxuex nl Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Ehnxwxsekx " gf? Hnkqusey Hnkkufgh`sgnfx `fc Fesznydx" |nb& 1"qq& 90+3< -9101'

T<[ C& ce Nbg|egy " L& @y`uon I`gèn" K& K`ssnxn ‘ Snz`ycx ` S`}nfnkw lny Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj lynk `f e+Xhgefhe Qeyxqehsg|e " gf? Hnkqusey Hnkkufgh`sgnfx `fcFesznydx" |nb& 1" qq& 3:+<9 -9101'

T:[ I& Q& Ygk`b" E& Hmng" G& Buki ‘ @ S`}nfnkw `fc Xuy|ew nl Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Xwxsekx " gf? Qynheecgfjx nl sme 5sm Gfseyf`sgnf`b Ongfs Hnfleyefhe nf GFH"GKX `fc GCH" qq& 33+50 -9117'

T=[ B& Wnuxe " K& Iusyghn" C& c` Xgb|` ‘ Snz`yc ` Ufgffec Nfsnbnjw nl Hbnuc

Hnkqusgfj " gf? Qynheecgfjx nl Jygc Hnkqusgfj Ef|gynfkefsx Znydxmnq -JHE‗1='" qq& 0+01 -911='

T7[ B& Pg`f" _& Bun" W& Cu" B& Jun ‘ Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj? @f N|ey|gez " gf? BehsuyeFnsex gf Hnkqusey Xhgefhe" |nbuke 5780.9117" qq& <9<+<80 -9117'

T01[ Sme FGXS Cefffgsgnf nl Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj -9100'mssq?..hxyh&fgxs&jn|.quibgh`sgnfx.fgxsquix.=11+035.XQ=11+035&qcl

T00[ M& Ogf" X& Giy`mgk" S& Iebb" B& Pg" M& H`n" X& Zu" `fc ]& Xmg ‘ Snnbx `fc Se+hmfnbnjgex lny Iugbcgfj Hbnucx " gf? Hnkqusey Hnkkufgh`sgnfx `fc Fesznydx"

|nb& 1" qq& 8+91 -9101'

:7

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf



T09[ @& Jn|gfc`yò`f" B`dxmk`f`f ‘ N|ey|gez nl Hbnuc Xs`fc`ycx " gf? HnkquseyHnkkufgh`sgnfx `fc Fesznydx" |nb& 1" qq& ::+=7 -9101'

T08[ B& O& _m`fj" P& _mnu ‘ HHN@? Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Nqef @yhmgsehsuye " gf? Qynhe+

ecgfjx nl sme :sm GEEE Gfseyf`sgnf`b Hnfleyefhe nf Zei Xey|ghex -GHZX 9117'"qq& <1:+<0< -9117'

T03[ @& Ecknfcx" S& Kesxhm" E& Buxsey ‘ @f Nqef" Gfseynqeyìbe Hbnuc -9100'mssq?..zzz&gflnp&hnk.`ysghbex.nqef+gfseynqeyìbe+hbnuc

T05[ Nqef\gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s Xqehgffh`sgnf -|& 0&0' -9101'mssq?..cksl&nyj.xgsex.celùbs.lgbex.xs`fc`ycx.cnhukefsx.CXQ1938^

0&0&1&qcl

T0<[ Nqef \gysu`bg`sgnf Lnyk`s Zmgse Q`qey -|& 0&1' -9117'

mssq?..cksl&nyj.xgsex.celùbs.lgbex.xs`fc`ycx.cnhukefsx.CXQ910:^0&1&1&qcl

T0:[ Hbnuc C`s` K`f`jekefs Gfseyl`he Xqehgffh`sgnf -|& 0&1&9' -9109'mssq?..xfg`&nyj.xgsex.celùbs.lgbex.HCKG%91|0&1&9&qcl

T0=[ Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he Hnye Xqehgffh`sgnf -|& 0&0' -9100'mssq?..njl&nyj.cnhukefsx.JLC&0=8&qcl

T07[ Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he MSSQ Yefceygfj Xqehgffh`sgnf -|& 0&0' -9100'mssq?..njl&nyj.cnhukefsx.JLC&0=5&qcl

T91[ Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he Gfly`xsyuhsuye Xqehgffh`sgnf -|& 0&0' -9100'mssq?..njl&nyj.cnhukefsx.JLC&0=3&qcl

T90[ Nqef Hbnuc Hnkqusgfj Gfseyl`he + Uxe H`xex `fc Yepugyekefsx lny ` Hbnuc @QG -9117'mssq?..zzz&njl&nyj.Quibgh^Hnkkefs^Cnhx.Cnhukefsx.9117+17.

nhhg+uxeh`xex&qcl

T99[ ]& O& Hnbb`n+Knogh`" X& K& X`co`cg" L& Dnf" C& c` Xgb|` ‘ \gysu`b Ef|gynf+kefsx? E`xw Kncebgfj nl Gfseyceqefcefs \gysu`b @qqbg`fhex gf sme Hbnuc " gf?Qynheecgfjx nl XQB@XM 9101 Znydxmnq nf Lbe}gibe Kncebgfj Snnbx -9101'

T98[ @& \& Dnfxs`fsgfnu" S& Egb`k" K& D`b`fs`y" @& @& Snsnd" Z& @yfnbc" E& Xfgibe@ @ mgs s l \g s b X b sg H gsg c C b s g G l

http://www.infoq.com/articles/open-interoperable-cloud

http://dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0243_1.1.0.pdf




http://snia.org/sites/default/files/CDMI%20v1.0.2.pdf

http://ogf.org/documents/GFD.183.pdf



http://www.ogf.org/Public_Comment_Docs/Documents/2009-09/occi-usecases.pdf







http://snia.org/sites/default/files/CDMI%20v1.0.2.pdf





http://www.infoq.com/articles/open-interoperable-cloud