proiectarea unei exploatatii legumicole pe o suprafata de 7 ha in camp, 0,5 ha in solarii si 0,2 ha...

7/25/2019 Proiectarea Unei Exploatatii Legumicole Pe o Suprafata de 7 Ha in Camp, 0,5 Ha in Solarii Si 0,2 Ha in Sera in Zo

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U.S.A.M.V.B. TIMISOARAFACULTAEA DE HORTICULTURA

SPECIALIZAREA: HORTICULTURAANUL IV, grupa 411B

PROIECT

LA DISCIPLINA

LEGUMICULTURA SPECIALA


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PROIECTAREA UNEI EXPLOATATII LEGUMICOLE PE O

UPRAFATA DE 7 HA IN CAMP, 0,5 HA IN SOLARII SI 0,2 HA IN SER

IN ZONA

MUNICIPIULUI TIMISOARA


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CUPRINS

1. Imp!"#$"# %&'"&!(( ')*&m)'! +($ p&$%" +) )+)!) #'(m)$"#! -( -%(#' )%$m(%

1.1.Impr!a"!a #u$!%&ar%% $'gum'$r 1.(.Va$ar'a a$%m'"!ara a $'gum'$r 1.).Impr!a"!a *#%a$+'#"m%#a a $'gum'$r

2. C#!#%")!(#!)# )/p'#"#"()( ')*&m(%') (.1.C"%!%% *#%a$ '#"m%#' (.(.A*'-ar'a g'gra%#a (.).C"%!%% p'#$%ma!%#' (.4.D'*#r%'r'a #"*!ru#!%&' a !%pu$u% ' aap*! $*%! (./.Orga"%-ar'a '0p$a!a!%'%. S"!&%"&!# %&'"&!('!

. S"#('(!)# #-'#m)$"&'&( p)$"!& %&'"&!(') +) ## -( -%3)m# +) !"#"() # %&'"&!('!

5. F(-)') ")3$'*(%) #') %&'"&!('!

4. S"#('(!)# $)%)-#!&'&( p!(($+ ## )$)!*)"(%#,&"('#) -( m#")!(#')

.1.S!a2%$%r'a "'#'*aru$u% ' !ra#!ar' *% u!%$a3' .(.S!a2%$%r'a "'#'*aru$u% ' ma!'r%a$' p' #u$!ur' .(.1.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' &ar-a !%mpur%' .(.(.N'#'*aru$ ' m!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' a*$' .(.).N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' mr#& .(.4.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ua ' #a*!ra&'!% ' !am"a .(./.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' p'p'"% &'r-% .(..N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' *pa"a# .(..N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' #ar!% !%mpur%

.(.5.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' &ar-a #6%"'-'a*#a .(.7.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' #'apa pr%" arpag%# .(.18.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' ma-ar' .(.11.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' !ma!' .(.1(.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' &%"'!' .(.1).N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' ar'% .(.14.N'#'*aru$ ' ma!'r%a$' $a #u$!ura ' *a$a!a

.).C'"!ra$%-a!ru$ "'#'*aru$u% ' ma!'r%a$' p' '0p$a!a!%' .4.P$a"u$ "'#'*aru$u% ' *'m%"!' *% ma!'r%a$ *a%!r ./.P$a"u$ ' uar% *% "'#'*aru$ ' apa p' '0p$a!a!%'7. E#'!)# p!+&%"()(,*!#6(%&' +) !)%'"#" -( '(!#!) # p!+&%"()( %#$"("#"( -(

%#')$+#!(-"(%

. E6(%()$"# )%$m(% p) %&'"&!#

8. S%3("# ")!)$&'&(

10. B('(*!#6()


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1. IMPORTANTA CULTIVARII LEGUMELOR DIN PUNCT DE VEDEREALIMENTAR SI SOCIAL9ECONOMIC

1.1. Importanta cultivarii legumelor L'gum%#u$!ura '*!' u"a %"!r' #'$' ma% %mp!a"!' *% #mp$'0' %r'#!%% ' *p'#%a$%-ar' a

pru#!%'% &'g'!a$' *% ar' #a !ra*a!ur% *p'#%%#' %&'r*%!a!'a mar' a p$a"!'$r #u$!%&a!' *% %"am%*m

p'rma"'"! a!ra! apar%!%'% u"r !'6"$g%% m'r"' *% *#6%m2ar%% *r!%m'"!u$u% ' *%ur% *% 6%2r D'"um%r'a ' $'gum%#u$!ura pr&%"' ' $a #u&%"!'$' ' r%g%"' $a!%"a: 9$'gum'"+&'g'!a$'#u$!%&a!' p'"!ru 6ra"a mu$u% *% 9#u$!ura+ pr%#'p'r'a ' a $u#ra pama"!u$, ' a %"gr%3%% p$a"!'$'. L'gum'$' au #"*!%!u%!, %"#a %" #'$' ma% &'#6% !%mpur% #mp"'"!a ' 2a"a a a$%m'"!a!%'%

pa"!ru !a!' ppar'$', %"%'r'"! ' *%!uar'a $r g'gra%#a. I" #a"%!%%$' *#%'!a!%% m'r"', a$%m'"!a!%a ra!%"a$a "u pa!' % #"#'pu!a ara par!%#%par'a$'gum'$r %"!r+ gama #a! ma% $arga, %" #a"!%!a!% *pr%!', #u pr'#a'r' %" *!ar' pra*pa!a *% %" !!#ur*u$ a"u$u%. I" *'"* $arg, !'rm'"u$ ' 9 $'gum' '%"'*!' par!%$' ' p$a"!' $*%!' %" 6ra"a mu$u%, p'"!ru&a$ar'a $r a$%m'"!ara u2$a!a a'*'a ' u"'$' par!%#u$ar%!a!% %'!'!%#' *au !'rap'u!%#'. Sp'#%a uma"a '*!' %"!r+ #"!%"ua '&$u!%', ar #'$ pu!%" %" pu"#! ' &''r' a$ ma"#ar%% am

pa*!ra! %" g'"'$' "a*!r' r'm%"'*#'"!'$' a$%m'"!a!%'% pr%mr$r a"!rp%', 2a-a!' p' &'g'!a!%' *%m%#% a"%ma$'. I" &r'mur%$' %" #ar' pr%m'$' ma%"u!' !ra%au %" Ar%#a *% ma% ap% %" A*%a, 9m'"%u$$r 'ra #mpu* %" pr%"#%pa$ %" ru"-', mugur%, $r%, raa#%"%,p$$'", p$a"!' %&'r*', $'gum' *%ru#!' *a$2a!%#'. I" !ara "a*!ra, *r!%m'"!u$ ' p$a"!' $'gum%#$' '*!' '*u$ ' r'*!ra"*, %%" r'par!%-a! 'apr0%ma!%& 8 ' *p'#%% *% &ar%'!a!%. Num'ra*' a$!' p$a"!' #u &a$ar'a "u!r%!%&' *au '#"m%#ar%%#a!a *% p'"!ru #ar' #"%!%%$' %" !ara "a*!ra *u"! pr%'$"%#', "u% *' #u$!%&a %" %'r%r!' m!%&'

pr%"!r' #ar' *' p! "umara $%p*a %"rma!%'% !'6"$g%#', a !ra%!%'% ' #"*um, *% a #'r'r%% p' p%a

I" #aru$ pru#!%'% agr%#$' %" !ara "a*!ra, $'gum%#u$!ura r'pr'-%"!a u" m'"%u #u "u %"a$gara ' %"!'"*%&%!a!' *% p"'r' '*'2%!a , #u %mp$%#a!' ma3r' %" '#"m%a "a!%"a$a *% ma%a$'* %" a$%m'"!a!%a ppu$a!%'%. L'gum%#u$!ura ar' #a *#p a*%gurar'a ' a$%m'"!' "'#'*ar' ppu$a!%'%, ar *% ' ma!r%% pr%m'"'#'*ar' %"u*!r%'% #"*'r&'$r, pr'#um *% a u"r #a"!%!a!% mar% ' pru*' p'"!ru '0pr!. I" a$%m'"!a!%' $'gum'$' *' u!%$%-'a-a a!a! %" *!ar' #rua #au *% pr'para!', a$a!ur% ' a$!' pruagr%#$'. S' $*'*#, ' a*'m'"'a #"g'$a!' *au #"*'r&a!', p'"!ru a*%gurar'a #"*u$u$u% p' !!

par#ur*u$ a"u$u%. Ca urmar' a ''#!u$u% a&ra2%$ p' #ar'+$ au a*upra rga"%*mu$u% uma", %" u$!%m!%mp, %" *p'#%a$ %" !ar%$' '-&$!a!' %" pu"#! ' &''r' '#"m%#, a *pr%! #"*%'ra2%$ #"*umu' $'gum' %" *!ar' pra*pa!a, #ru', *u2 rma ' *a$a!'.

Spr' '*'2%r' ' a$!' *'#!ar' ' pru#!%' Agr%#$a, #u$!ura $'gum'$r pr'-%"!a u"'$'par!%#u$ar%!a!% #um ar %:

+ #upa *upra'!' r'$a!%&' r'u*', ar p' !'r'"ur%$' #u 'r!%$%!a!' r%%#a!a, %r%ga2%$' *%m'#a"%-a2%$'

+ ar' u" %a"$! gra ' %"!'"*%&%!a!', a!r%!a ap!u$u% #a "'#'*%!a, ' 2%#'%, ma% mu$!a r!a mu"#a *% m%3$a#' ma!'r%a$', p'"!ru a2!%"'r'a ' $'gum' pra*p'!' %" !! #ur*u$ a"u$u%, *'


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pra#!%#a $a u"'$' *p'#%%, #u$!ur' %" *pa!%% %"#a$-%!' ;*'r', ra*a"%!'< *au "'%"#a$-%!' ;*$ar%a,aap*!ur% !'mprar' %" "'#'*aru$ ' &%!am%"' a$ mu$u%.

1.3 Importanta social-economica a legumelor

Pr%" p"'r'a p' #ar' #upa %" a$%m'"!a!%a mu$u%, #"*umu$ ' $'gum' #"*!%!u%' u"%"%#a!r %mpr!a"! p'"!ru apr'#%'r'a "%&'$u$u% ' !ra%. D' a#''a pru#'r'a ' $'gum' ar' %"*'m"a!a!' '#"m%#a '*'2%! ' mar' p'"!ru !a!' !ar%$'. Pr%" '-&$!ar'a #u$!ur%$r r!a!' %" *'r', a #'$r pr!'3a!' %" %'r%!' aap*!ur% *% a!a #u!r'#'r'a $a #"#'"!rar'a $'gum%#u$!ur%%, pr%$ar'a *% *p'#%a$%-ar'a u"%!a!%$r, %mpr!a"!a '#"m%a $'gum%#u$!ur%% a #apa!a! "% %m'"*%u"%.


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Impr!a"!a '#"m%#a a #u$!ur%% $'gum'$r r'-%a %" ap!u$ #a a#'*!'a p'rm%! $*%r'%"!'"*%&a a !'r'"u$u% S' apr'#%a-a #a 1 6a ' $'gum' #u$!%&a!' %" #amp '#6%&a$'a-a #u 18+1( 6a ' grau, 1 6a '$'gum' #u$!%&a!' %" *$ar%% '#6%&a$'a-a #u 1/8 6a ' grau %ar 1 6a ' $'gum' #u$!%&a!' %" *'r''#6%&a$'a-a #u (88 6a grau. Pr%" #u$!ura $'gum'$r *' 2!%" pru#!%% ar!' r%%#a!' $a u"%!a!'a ' *upraa!a. La #u$!ura

$'gum'$r %" #amp *' p! 2!%"' r'g&'"! pru#!%% ' p'*!' )8 ' !@6a, $a #u$!ura %" *$ar%% ' /8!@6a, %ar $a #u$!ura %" *'r' ' 58+1(8 !@6a. U" a$! a*p'#! ' %mpr!a"!a '#"m%#a *' r''ra $a ap!u$ #a pr%" #u$!ura $'gum'$r *' a*%gu ma% 2u"a &a$r%%#ar' a !'r'"ur%$r '#a! pr%" mu$!' a$!' #u$!ur%%, a!r%!a p*%2%$%!a!%$r '''#!uar', p' *#ara $arga, a *u##'*%u"%$r a!a! %" #u$!ura ' #amp #a! *% $a #u$!ura pr!'3a!a. L'gum'$' #"*!%!u%' %mpr!a"!a *ur*a ' ma!'r%% pr%m' p'"!ru %"u*!r%a #"*'r&'$r, a#'aa a! p*%2%$%!a!'a ' a *' '-&$!a %"!r'pr%"'r% mar%, %"!'gra!', ' pru#'r' *% %"u*!r%a$%-ar' a$'gum'$r *% ru#!'$r. Pr%" &a$r%%#ar'a '*a$"a!a a pru#!%'% p' !! par#ur*u$ a"u$u% *' r'a$%-'a-a u" '#6%$%2ru%"am%# %"!r' &'"%!ur% *% #6'$!u%'$%. E*a$"ar'a pru#!%'% $'gum%#$' p' %"!r'g a"u$ #a$'"ar'*!%##r''a-a p*%2%$%!a!'a $*%r%% ra!%"a$' a r!'% ' mu"#a, '$%m%"a"u+*' #ara#!'ru$ *'-"%'r a$mu"#%!r%$r.

2. CARACTERIZAREA EXLOATATIEI LEGUMICOLE

2.1 Conditii social economice

T%m%ara '*!' r''%"a % #'$ ma% mar' raa$3u'u$u% T%m%%" r'g%u"'a %*!r%# Ba"a!&'*!u$ Rm"%'%. " a"u$ (818, a&" )11./5 $#u%!r%, 'ra a$ %$'a ra #a ppu$a%' %"

Rm"%a. Num'$' $#a$%!%% &%"' ' $a ru$ T%m%;!r'#" $a *u ' mu"%#%p%u


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#u 16 (/J 5JJ aF ' ra m'r%%a"u$u% 8, Gr''"K%#6, ar *' a$ " "!r-%'r' #u )4J/(JJaF ' ra %#%a$ a Rm"%'% ;ra Eurp'% Or%'"!a$' *' a$ "prpr%'!a!'a %"%&%ua$, $a g*pr%%$' %"%&%ua$' ;/11,456a " am%"%*!rar'aU.S.A.M.V.B. + S!aF%u"'a D%a#!%# T%m%ara ;1/(7,5) 6a %" !'r'"ur%$' ara2%$' *' a$ " prpr%'!a!'a *au am%"%*!rar'a a$!r u"%!F%;M%"%*!'ru$ Ap'$r, Pur%$r % Pr!'#F%'% M'%u$u%, M%"%*!'ru$ ' I"!'r"', '!#. %"*upraaFa !!a$ ' pu"' *%!ua! p' ra-a mu"%#%p%u$u% T%m%ara, %'r'"Fa ' pu"' *'a$ " prpr%'!a!'a g*pr%%$r %"%&%ua$' 17> ;54,7) 6a< % " am%"%*!rar'a u"r%"*!%!uF%% ;Pr%mr%a Mu"%#%p%u$u% T%m%ara, M%"%*!'ru$ Aprr%% NaF%"a$', H'rg6'$%a,A&%aF%a U!%$%!ar< 17> ;/8,4( 6a+ *$ur% a$u&%a$' 5,>+ *$ur% 'ra!' *% #$u&%"a!' ),5>

+ a*#%a!%% ' *$ur% 2ru"' arg%$+%$u&%a$', 2ru"' $u&%#', 'r%*$ur%, &'r!%*$ur%*$ur% g$'%#', *$ur% a$u&%a$' /,(>.?a#!r%% $%m%!a!%&% a% pru#!%'% agr%#$' *u"! %m'"*%"a!% , %" rapr! #u *upraa!a

!'r'"u$u% agr%#$, ' r'a#!%a *$u$u%; m'ra!a 7,/>, pu!'r"%# a#%a /,/>


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P%a!a U"%r%% ;6%p!'rma$'


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P'"!ru $*%r'a $arga a %r%ga!%'% *' ap$%#a *'r%' ' $u#rar% pr'ga!%!ar'. A*!'$, #ma*ar'a!'r'"u$u% !r'2u%' a#u!a %" #a! ma% pu!%"' par#'$', $'ga!' %"!r' '$' *% ' #'"!ru$ u"%!a!%% pr%" #a% '#mu"%#a!%% a##'*%2%$' m%3$a#'$r ru!%'r'. T'r'"u$ #ma*a! *' r'par!%-'a-a p' #a!'gr%% ' $*%"!a, %" u"#!%' p' p$a"u$ ' pru#!%' a$u"%!a!%%. La a#'a*!a r'par!%-ar' *' !%"' *'ama ' *p'#%%$' #u$!%&a!', par!%#u$ar%!a!%$' $r 2%$g%#' *#'r%"!'$' agr!'6"%#'. S' &r *!a2%$% !%pur%$' ' a*$am'"!', a!'"!%' '*'2%!a *' a am'"a3ar%%

!'r'"u$u% %" &''r'a %r%ga!%'%. I" a#'*! *#p, *upraa!a !'r'"u$u% *' "%&'$'a-a am%!a"u+*' pa"!' 8,88/ pa"a $a 8,88( p'"!ru a *' a*%gura *#urg'r'a ap'% $' p$a"!'. P'"!ru a "u %mp%'%#am'#a"%-ar'a $u#rar%$r *' r'#ma"a #a *%*!'mu$ ' %r%ga!%' *a %' *u2!'ra".

3. !tructura culturilor

3.1. !tuctura culturilor in camp.

Nr.#r!

Cu$!ura '2a-a

S6a

Pru#!%a Cu$!uraa"!%#%pa!a,*u##'*%&a

S6a

Pru#!%a

T @ 6a T!a$ T @ 6a T!a$

1Var-a!%mpur%'

( )8+48 58 ?a*$' ( + 14

(Mr#& 1 1/+(/ (/ Ca*!ra&'!%

'!am"a

1 /+1/ 1/

)

P'p'"% &'r-% 1 (/+)8 )8 Spa"a# 1 1/+(8 /8

4Car!%!%mpur%

( 1(+14 (5 Var-a #6%"'-'a*#a( /8+8 1(8

/C'apa pr%"arpag%#

1 18+1/ 1/ Ma-ar' 1 +5 5

3.2 !tructura culturilor in solarii

Nr.#r!

Cu$!ura Pru#!%a P'r%aap$a"!ar%%

E$%2'rar'a *$u$u%

T @ 6a 8,/ 6a

1 Ar'% )/+48 (8 /+18 IV I+


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( Ca*!ra&'!% 48+8 )8 /+1/ IV VII+VIII

3.3 !tructura culturilor in sera

Nr.#r! Cu$!ura '2a-a S6a Pru#!%a Cu$!uraa"!%#%pa!a,*u##'*%&a

S6a Pru#!%a

T @ 6a T!a$ T @ 6a T!a$

1Tma!'#%#$u I

8,( 58+188 (8 Sa$a!a 8,( (/+)8 8

(V%"'!' 8,( 48+8 1( Tma!'

#%#$u II8,( /8+8 14

4. !abilirea asolamentului pentru culturile de baza si sc%ema de rotatie a culturilor

A"u$ S$a

I II III IV V

(811

Var-a

!%mpur%' Q?a*$'

Mr#&u$

QCa*!ra&'!%' !am"a

P'p'"% &'r-%

Q Spa"a#

Car!%

!%mpur% QVar-a#6%"'-'a*#a

C'apa pr%"

arpag%#QMa-ar'

(81(Mr#&u$QCa*!ra&'!%' !am"a

P'p'"% &'r-%Q Spa"a#

Car!%!%mpur% QVar-a#6%"'-'a*#a

C'apa pr%"arpag%#QMa-ar'

Var-a!%mpur%' Q?a*$'

(81)P'p'"% &'r-%Q Spa"a#

Car!%!%mpur%QVar-a

#6%"'-'a*#a



Mr#&u$QCa*!ra&'!%' !am"a

(814Car!%!%mur%QVar-a#6%"'-'a*#a






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(81/C'apa pr%"arpag%#QMa-ar'




Car!%!%mpur% QVar-a#6%"'-'a*#a

S#6'm'$' ' p$a"!ar', *%ur%$' $*%!'.

1. V#!# "(mp&!()

Bra**%#a $'ra#'a L. &ar. #ap%a!a!a L. .a$2a?am%$%a Bra**%#a#'a' ;Cru#%'ra'< P$a"!ar'a ra*aur%$r *' r'a$%-'a-a %" $u"a mar!%', #a" %" *$ *' r'a$%-'a-a !'mp'ra!ur'

5C , %" !'r'" "'m'$a! $a %*!a"!' ' /8+8 #m %"!r' ra"ur% *% )8 #m %"!r' p$a"!' p' ra", %ar p!'r'" "'m'$a! $a 8+/+(/ #m.

R'#$!ar'a %"#'p' %" u$!%ma '#aa a $u"% ma% *% %"#'pu!u$ $u"% %u"%', *' 2!%" pru#!% (8+)8 ! @6a

S%u$ $*%!:D%!!mar=+ p'r%aa ' &'g'!a!%' ' 7/+18/ -%$', rma #apa!a"%% *'r%#a,*' #u$!%&a %" #amp *au

*$ar%%, p'"!ru #"*um %" *!ar' pra*pa!a.

2. F#-')

P6a*'$u* &u$gar%* L.?am%$%a Pap%$%"a#'a' ;?a2a#'a'< S'ma"a!u$ *' a#' p' !'r'" "'m'$a!, #a" %" *$ *' r'a$%-'a-a !'mp'ra!ur' ' 14+1C

%" p'r%aa 1/+(8 IV. S' *'ama"a %" ra"ur% %*!a"!a!' $a 48 #m *% $a 4+/ #m %*!a"!a %"!r' p$a"!'p' ra". Lu#rar'a ' r'#$!a! *' a#' %m%"'a!a *au *'ara, 'ar'#' pa*!a%$' *' '*6%ra!'a-a u*r

Pru#!%%$' 2!%"u!' *u"! ' +5 [email protected]%u$ a$*%!:I"=a+ #u p'r%aa ' $a ra*ar%r' pa"a $a r'#$!ar' ' 4 ' -%$', rma pa*!a%% #%$%"r%#&a,

#u$ar'a pa*!a%% ga$2'"a, '*!' '*!%"a! #"*umu$u% pra*pa! *% p'"!ru %"u*!r%a$%-ar'.. M!%&'

Dau#u* #ar!a?am%$%a Ap%a#'a' ;Um2'$%'ra' *au (,4 D %" #"#'"!ra!%' ' 18mg@$ apa, pr%" %m2a%'r'a%"$r'*#'"!'$r *au pu$&'r%-ar'a a#'*!ra #u *$u!%'.

+ C%-'$ar'a, $u#rar'a #"*!a %" '$%m%"ar'a ru#!'$r %" %"$r'*#'"!a', rama*' m%#%.+ #ar"%!u$ p$a"!'$r *' '0'#u!a $a #%#$u$ I upa 5+1( %"$r'*#'"!', %ar p'"!ru #%#$u$ II up

4+5 %"$r'*#'"!'. S' a#' #u ##a 8 ' -%$' %"a%!' ' %"#6'%'r'a #%#$u$u%, $a*a"! 1+(ru"-' 'a*upra u$!%m'% %"$r'*#'"!' .

+ r'#$!ar'a*' a#' ma"ua$ , '*a$"a! .

".12 &isa te%nologica pentru cultura de vinete

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proiectarea unei exploatatii legumicole pe o suprafata de 7 ha in camp, 0,5 ha in solarii si 0,2 ha...

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