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DDDEERTURILEEERTURILEEERTURILEAAARCTICERCTICERCTICE IIIAAANTARCTICENTARCTICENTARCTICE

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: ARCTICARCTICARCTICIIIANTARCTICANTARCTICANTARCTICMODERATMODERATMODERAT;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: DDDOAROAROARPEPEPEALOCURIALOCURIALOCURISUPRAFEELESUPRAFEELESUPRAFEELEPIETROASEPIETROASEPIETROASERE-RE-RE-

ZULTATEZULTATEZULTATE DINDINDIN DEZAGREGAREDEZAGREGAREDEZAGREGARE PRINPRINPRIN NGHENGHENGHE///DEZGHEDEZGHEDEZGHE,,, SUNTSUNTSUNT

ACOPERITEACOPERITEACOPERITECUCUCUPETICELEPETICELEPETICELEDEDEDESOLSOLSOLDEDEDEOOOGROSIMEGROSIMEGROSIMEMICMICMIC;;;

RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: FIELDURIFIELDURIFIELDURI,,, KAMEKAMEKAME,,, DRUMLINEDRUMLINEDRUMLINE;;;

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARA0C0C0C IIIIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA89,2C;89,2C;89,2C;

PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 100100100---200200200 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---URSULURSULURSULALBALBALB,,, VULPEAVULPEAVULPEAPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, CUCUVEAUACUCUVEAUACUCUVEAUA

PLOARPLOARPLOAR,,, CAIRECAIRECAIRE,,, FUNDACIFUNDACIFUNDACI,,, RAERAERAE,,, BALENABALENABALENAALBASTRALBASTRALBASTR,,, DELFINULDELFINULDELFINUL

ALBALBALB (B(B(BELUGAELUGAELUGA),),), CAALOTULCAALOTULCAALOTUL,,, PINGUINIIPINGUINIIPINGUINII...

---ALGEALGEALGE,,, MUCHIMUCHIMUCHI,,, LICHENILICHENILICHENI,,, MACULMACULMACULPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, MESTEACNULMESTEACNULMESTEACNULPITICPITICPITIC...

Sol tipic acestor zone naturaleSol tipic acestor zone naturaleSol tipic acestor zone naturale

DrumlinDrumlinDrumlin

FieldFieldField

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TTTUNDRAUNDRAUNDRAIII SSSILVOTUNDRAILVOTUNDRAILVOTUNDRA

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: SSSUBARCTICUBARCTICUBARCTIC;;; SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: DEDEDETUNDRTUNDRTUNDRESTEESTEESTETURBOSTURBOSTURBOS,,, SLABSLABSLABEVOLUATEVOLUATEVOLUAT,,, CUCUCUFER-FER-FER-

TILITATETILITATETILITATESCZUTSCZUTSCZUT;;;

RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: PERIGLACIARPERIGLACIARPERIGLACIAR(((RURIRURIRURIDEDEDEPIETREPIETREPIETRE);););

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARA0C0C0C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA10C,10C,10C, IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE181818 IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE40C;40C;40C; PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 100100100---200200200 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---BOULBOULBOULMOSCATMOSCATMOSCAT,,, VULPEAVULPEAVULPEAPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, RENULRENULRENUL,,,

LEMINGULLEMINGULLEMINGUL,,, IEPURELEIEPURELEIEPURELEPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, MARMOTAMARMOTAMARMOTA,,, BUFNIABUFNIABUFNIAPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, CIU-CIU-CIU-

FULFULFULZPEZIIZPEZIIZPEZII,,, POTRNICHEAPOTRNICHEAPOTRNICHEAALBALBALB,,, ORECARULORECARULORECARUL...

---ROGOZULROGOZULROGOZUL,,, MUCHIMUCHIMUCHI,,, LICHENILICHENILICHENI,,, MACULMACULMACULPOLARPOLARPOLAR,,, MESTEACNULMESTEACNULMESTEACNULPITICPITICPITIC,,, SALCIASALCIASALCIAPITICPITICPITIC,,, AFINULAFINULAFINUL,,, MERIORULMERIORULMERIORUL,,, MURULMURULMURULCOMUNCOMUNCOMUN...

Relief periglaciarRelief periglaciarRelief periglaciar

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TTTAIGAAIGAAIGACCCLIMALIMALIMA::: TTTEMPERATEMPERATEMPERAT---CONTINENTALCONTINENTALCONTINENTAL,,, RECERECERECEIIIUMEDUMEDUMED;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: PPPODZOLICODZOLICODZOLIC,,, ADESEAADESEAADESEAMLTINOSMLTINOSMLTINOSIIIPUINPUINPUINFERTILFERTILFERTIL;;;

RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: CUPRINDECUPRINDECUPRINDECMPIICMPIICMPII,,, PODIURIPODIURIPODIURI,,, IIIMUNIMUNIMUNICUCUCUALTITUDINIALTITUDINIALTITUDINI

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATE;;;AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA8C8C8C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA20C,20C,20C,

IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE15C15C15C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE20C;20C;20C;PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 300300300---500500500 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIII FFFLORALORALORA::: ---ELANULELANULELANUL,,, ZIBELINAZIBELINAZIBELINA,,, HERMELINAHERMELINAHERMELINA,,, URSULURSULURSUL

BRUNBRUNBRUN,,, JDERULJDERULJDERUL,,, VEVERIAVEVERIAVEVERIAZBURTOAREZBURTOAREZBURTOARE,,, CASTORULCASTORULCASTORUL,,, GOCANULGOCANULGOCANUL,,, G-G-G-

IIINNNUUUAAADEDEDEALUNALUNALUN,,, CIOCNITOAREACIOCNITOAREACIOCNITOAREA,,, COCOULCOCOULCOCOULDEDEDEMESTEACNMESTEACNMESTEACN,,, FORFE-FORFE-FORFE-

CUACUACUA...

---BRADULBRADULBRADUL,,, PINULPINULPINUL,,, ZADAZADAZADA,,, MOLIDULMOLIDULMOLIDUL,,, CEDRULCEDRULCEDRUL,,, LARIALARIALARIA...

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PPPDURILEDURILEDURILEDEDEDEFOIOASEFOIOASEFOIOASE

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: TTTEMPERATEMPERATEMPERATOCEANICOCEANICOCEANIC;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: CCCENUIUENUIUENUIUIIIBRUNBRUNBRUNDEDEDEPDUREPDUREPDURE;;;

RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: PREDOMINANTPREDOMINANTPREDOMINANTDEDEDEDEALDEALDEALIIIPODIPODIPODI

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA8C8C8C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA13C,13C,13C, IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE15C15C15C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE20C;20C;20C;

PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 600600600---800800800 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---LUPULLUPULLUPUL,,, VULPEAVULPEAVULPEA,,, CPRIOARACPRIOARACPRIOARA,,, MISTRE-MISTRE-MISTRE-ULULUL,,, JDERULJDERULJDERUL,,, PISICAPISICAPISICASLBATICSLBATICSLBATICEUROPEANEUROPEANEUROPEAN,,, STICLETELESTICLETELESTICLETELE,,, CIOCNI-CIOCNI-CIOCNI-

TOAREATOAREATOAREA,,, CUCULCUCULCUCUL;;;---STEJARULSTEJARULSTEJARUL,,, SALCIASALCIASALCIA,,, TEIULTEIULTEIUL,,, CASTANULCASTANULCASTANUL,,, PLOPULPLOPULPLOPUL,,, FAGULFAGULFAGUL,,, ALU-ALU-ALU-

NULNULNUL,,, MESTEACNULMESTEACNULMESTEACNUL,,, ARARULARARULARARUL,,, FRASINULFRASINULFRASINUL...

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SSSTEPATEPATEPAIII SSSILVOSTEPAILVOSTEPAILVOSTEPA(((NNN EEEURASIAURASIAURASIA---STEPESTEPESTEPE,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE NNNORDORDORD---PRERIIPRERIIPRERII,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE SSSUDUDUD---

PAMPASPAMPASPAMPAS)))

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: TEMPERATTEMPERATTEMPERATCONTINENTALCONTINENTALCONTINENTAL;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: DEDEDECERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCUCUCUFERTILIATEFERTILIATEFERTILIATESPORITSPORITSPORIT,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURICENUIICENUIICENUII

DEDEDEPDUREPDUREPDUREDINDINDINSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEP,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURI SRACESRACESRACE CARBONATATECARBONATATECARBONATATE DEDEDE

STEPSTEPSTEPSOLONEURILESOLONEURILESOLONEURILEIIISOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILE;;;RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: DEDEDECMPIECMPIECMPIE

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA30C30C30C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA35C,35C,35C,IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE161616 IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE22C;22C;22C;

PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 300300300---500500500 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---CERBULCERBULCERBULNOBILNOBILNOBIL,,, CPRIOARACPRIOARACPRIOARA,,, MISTREULMISTREULMISTREUL,,,

JDERJDERJDER,,, ISTARULISTARULISTARUL,,, CHICANULCHICANULCHICANUL,,, MARMOTAMARMOTAMARMOTA,,, DIHORELEDIHORELEDIHORELEDEDEDESTEPSTEPSTEP,,,

TARPANULTARPANULTARPANUL,,, CULANULCULANULCULANUL,,, ANTILOPAANTILOPAANTILOPA---SAIGASAIGASAIGA,,, PREPELIAPREPELIAPREPELIA,,, VULTURULVULTURULVULTURUL,,,

COCORULCOCORULCOCORUL,,, DROPIADROPIADROPIA...

---CARPENCARPENCARPEN,,, ARARARARARAR,,, FRASINFRASINFRASIN,,, ULMULMULM,,, PLATANPLATANPLATAN,,, NEGARANEGARANEGARA,,, PIUPIUPIU,,, PELINPELINPELIN...

SSSTEPELETEPELETEPELEIIISILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELE

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VVVEGETAIEEGETAIEEGETAIEDEDEDETIPTIPTIP MMMEDITERANEEANEDITERANEEANEDITERANEEAN

(((CARACTERISTICCARACTERISTICCARACTERISTICREGIUNILORREGIUNILORREGIUNILORSUBTROPICALESUBTROPICALESUBTROPICALENTRENTRENTRELATITUDINILELATITUDINILELATITUDINILE

DEDEDE 303030III 404040::: RMURILERMURILERMURILE MMMRIIRIIRII MMMEDITERANEEDITERANEEDITERANE,,, SUDULSUDULSUDULPENINSULEIPENINSULEIPENINSULEI CCCALIFOR-ALIFOR-ALIFOR-NIANIANIA,,, EXTREMITATEAEXTREMITATEAEXTREMITATEASUDICSUDICSUDICAAA AAAFRICIIFRICIIFRICII,,, SUDULSUDULSUDULIIISUDSUDSUD---VESTULVESTULVESTUL AAAUSTRALIEIUSTRALIEIUSTRALIEI)))

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: SSSUBTROPICALUBTROPICALUBTROPICAL;;; SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: TTTERRAERRAERRAROSAROSAROSA (((BOGATEBOGATEBOGATENNNOXIZIOXIZIOXIZIDEDEDEFIERFIERFIER,,, RELATIVRELATIVRELATIVSRACESRACESRACENNNHUMUSHUMUSHUMUS)));;;RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: BBBADLANDSADLANDSADLANDS (((PMNTURIPMNTURIPMNTURIRELERELERELE)))

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA25C25C25C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA30C,30C,30C, IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE5C5C5C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE10C;10C;10C; PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 500500500---600600600 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN... FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---CERBULCERBULCERBULNOBILNOBILNOBIL,,, CPRIOARACPRIOARACPRIOARA,,, MISTREULMISTREULMISTREUL,,,

JDERJDERJDER,,, ISTARULISTARULISTARUL,,, CHICANULCHICANULCHICANUL,,, MARMOTAMARMOTAMARMOTA,,, DIHORELEDIHORELEDIHORELEDEDEDESTEPSTEPSTEP,,,

TARPANULTARPANULTARPANUL,,, CULANULCULANULCULANUL,,, ANTILOPAANTILOPAANTILOPA---SAIGASAIGASAIGA,,, PREPELIAPREPELIAPREPELIA,,, VULTURULVULTURULVULTURUL,,,

COCORULCOCORULCOCORUL,,, DROPIADROPIADROPIA...

---CARPENCARPENCARPEN,,, ARARARARARAR,,, FRASINFRASINFRASIN,,, ULMULMULM,,, PLATANPLATANPLATAN,,, NEGARANEGARANEGARA,,, PIUPIUPIU,,, PELINPELINPELIN...

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SSSAVANELEAVANELEAVANELE(((NNN EEEURASIAURASIAURASIA---STEPESTEPESTEPE,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE NNNORDORDORD---PRERIIPRERIIPRERII,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE SSSUDUDUD---

PAMPASPAMPASPAMPAS)))

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: TEMPERATTEMPERATTEMPERATCONTINENTALCONTINENTALCONTINENTAL;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: DEDEDECERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCUCUCUFERTILIATEFERTILIATEFERTILIATESPORITSPORITSPORIT,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURICENUIICENUIICENUII

DEDEDEPDUREPDUREPDUREDINDINDINSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEP,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURISRACESRACESRACECARBONATATECARBONATATECARBONATATEDEDEDESTE-STE-STE-

PPPSOLONEURILESOLONEURILESOLONEURILEIIISOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILE;;;RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: DEDEDECMPIECMPIECMPIE

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA30C30C30C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA35C,35C,35C,IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE161616 IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE22C;22C;22C;

PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 300300300---500500500 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---CERBULCERBULCERBULNOBILNOBILNOBIL,,, CPRIOARACPRIOARACPRIOARA,,, MISTREULMISTREULMISTREUL,,,

JDERJDERJDER,,, ISTARULISTARULISTARUL,,, CHICANULCHICANULCHICANUL,,, MARMOTAMARMOTAMARMOTA,,, DIHORELEDIHORELEDIHORELEDEDEDESTEPSTEPSTEP,,,

TARPANULTARPANULTARPANUL,,, CULANULCULANULCULANUL,,, ANTILOPAANTILOPAANTILOPA---SAIGASAIGASAIGA,,, PREPELIAPREPELIAPREPELIA,,, VULTURULVULTURULVULTURUL,,, CO-CO-CO-

CORULCORULCORUL,,, DROPIADROPIADROPIA...

---CARPENCARPENCARPEN,,, ARARARARARAR,,, FRASINFRASINFRASIN,,, ULMULMULM,,, PLATANPLATANPLATAN,,, NEGARANEGARANEGARA,,, PIUPIUPIU,,, PE-PE-PE-

SSSTEPELETEPELETEPELEIIISILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELE

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PPPDURILEDURILEDURILEECUATORIALEECUATORIALEECUATORIALEIIITROPICALETROPICALETROPICALE(((NNN EEEURASIAURASIAURASIA---STEPESTEPESTEPE,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE NNNORDORDORD---PRERIIPRERIIPRERII,,, NNNAAAMERICAMERICAMERICADEDEDE SSSUDUDUD---

PAMPASPAMPASPAMPAS)))

CCCLIMALIMALIMA::: TEMPERATTEMPERATTEMPERATCONTINENTALCONTINENTALCONTINENTAL;;;

SSSOLULOLULOLUL::: DEDEDECERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCERNOZIOMCUCUCUFERTILIATEFERTILIATEFERTILIATESPORITSPORITSPORIT,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURICENUIICENUIICENUII

DEDEDEPDUREPDUREPDUREDINDINDINSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEPSILVOSTEP,,, SOLURISOLURISOLURISRACESRACESRACECARBONATATECARBONATATECARBONATATEDEDEDESTE-STE-STE-

PPPSOLONEURILESOLONEURILESOLONEURILEIIISOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILESOLONCEACURILE;;;RRRELIEFULELIEFULELIEFUL::: DEDEDECMPIECMPIECMPIE

AAAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINEATERMICTERMICTERMIC::: VARAVARAVARAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMA30C30C30C IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMA35C,35C,35C,IARIARIARIARNAIARNAIARNAMINIMAMINIMAMINIMADEDEDE161616 IIIMAXIMAMAXIMAMAXIMADEDEDE22C;22C;22C;

PPPRECIPITAIIRECIPITAIIRECIPITAII::: DEDEDE 300300300---500500500 MMMMMMPEPEPEANANAN...

FFFAUNAAUNAAUNAIIIFLORAFLORAFLORA::: ---CERBULCERBULCERBULNOBILNOBILNOBIL,,, CPRIOARACPRIOARACPRIOARA,,, MISTREULMISTREULMISTREUL,,,

JDERJDERJDER,,, ISTARULISTARULISTARUL,,, CHICANULCHICANULCHICANUL,,, MARMOTAMARMOTAMARMOTA,,, DIHORELEDIHORELEDIHORELEDEDEDESTEPSTEPSTEP,,,

TARPANULTARPANULTARPANUL,,, CULANULCULANULCULANUL,,, ANTILOPAANTILOPAANTILOPA---SAIGASAIGASAIGA,,, PREPELIAPREPELIAPREPELIA,,, VULTURULVULTURULVULTURUL,,, CO-CO-CO-

CORULCORULCORUL,,, DROPIADROPIADROPIA...

---CARPENCARPENCARPEN,,, ARARARARARAR,,, FRASINFRASINFRASIN,,, ULMULMULM,,, PLATANPLATANPLATAN,,, NEGARANEGARANEGARA,,, PIUPIUPIU,,, PE-PE-PE-

SSSTEPELETEPELETEPELEIIISILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELESILVOSTEPELE