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common name: white peach scalescientiic name: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona!"a#gioni$ !Insecta:%emipte#a: Diaspiiae$

Int#o'ction( Dist#i)'tion( Desc#iption( Lie Cycle( EconomicSigniicance( *anagement( Selecte +ee#ences

Int#o'ction !,ack to "op$

White peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targioni), is believed to have originated in

Japan or China, although one report places the point of origin in Italy where is was first

described in 188 by Targioni! This insect is an i"portant econo"ic pest of peach trees as

well as woody orna"entals in the southeastern #nited $tates! In the early part of this century,

white peach scale destroyed nu"erous peach orchards in %lorida and co"pletely deci"ated a

grove of 1&,&&& peach trees in south 'eorgia!

Figure 1. dults and i""atures of the white peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona

(Targioni)! hotograph by*yle J! +uss, #niversity of %lorida!

Dist#i)'tion !,ack to "op$
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/http://ifas.ufl.edu/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#intro%23introhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#distribution%23distributionhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#description%23descriptionhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#lifecycle%23lifecyclehttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#eco%23ecohttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#eco%23ecohttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#management%23managementhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#ref%23refhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23topmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/http://ifas.ufl.edu/http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#intro%23introhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#distribution%23distributionhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#description%23descriptionhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#lifecycle%23lifecyclehttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#eco%23ecohttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#eco%23ecohttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#management%23managementhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#ref%23refhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23topmailto:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/


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White peach scale is found not only in the #nited $tates, but is nown throughout the world!

In other areas it is nown by a variety of co""on na"es including white scale and West

Indian peach scale! In +er"uda, this pest is nown as oleander scale because of the "assive

da"age it caused to oleander plants in 1-.&!

In the #nited $tates, it is found pri"arily in the southeast, although it has been reported as farwest as Te/as and in northern states up to 0aine! awaii first reported this pest in 1--2

where it endangers the papaya crop! survey in .&&34.&&5 found it still li"ited to the big

island (awaii)! owever, the scale has been found on fruit for sale on 6ahu! In .&&, an

infestation was reported on 7aui (Wood .&&-, Wright .&&-)!

Desc#iption !,ack to "op$

Eggs.ggs are deposited on the surface of the host plant! They range in color fro" orange to

white indicating fe"ale and "ale offspring respectively! ggs of an inter"ediate color "ay

also be evident which can produce offspring of either se/!

Larvae.The larvae will hatch fro" the egg case within appro/i"ately three to four days after

being laid! The young crawlers will soon settle on an area of the host plant and insert their

stylets into the plant to begin feeding! The larvae will undergo two to five "olts, depending

on their se/!

Adult female.The adult fe"ale scale is i""obile on the host plant! $he is covered with a

protective shell which is created by incorporating the cast sins fro" her previous "olts with

newly secreted wa/ fro" her body glands! $he "ay also gather pieces of bar fro" the host

plant to add to her shell which then serves as protective ca"ouflage! The appearance of the

fe"ale is dull white to yellowish in color, oval in shape, with an overall length "easuringbetween .!& to .!5 ""!
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23top


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Figure 2. dult fe"ale white peach scales,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targioni)!

hotograph by *yle J! +uss,#niversity of %lorida

Adult male.0ales of the white peach scale begin building their ar"or after their second "olt

and their covering appears as a long white to yellowish colored shell! The "ales will "olt

three "ore ti"es, eventually e"erging as an orange colored adult and living only for a period

of appro/i"ately .3 hours! #nlie fe"ales of this species, adult "ales possess wings in order

to be "obile for "ate location! The adult "ale body length is appro/i"ately &!2 "" with a

1!3 "" wingspan!
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Figure 3. dult "ale white peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targioni)!

hotograph by *yle J! +uss,#niversity of %lorida

Lie Cycle !,ack to "op$

The life cycle of the white peach scale depends upon the cli"ate in which it resides! In

northern states, such as ennsylvania, there "ay only two generations each year! In the

southern states of 9irginia, :orth Carolina, 'eorgia, and %lorida, there are as "any as fourgenerations per year!

The adult fe"ales of the white peach scale begin laying eggs appro/i"ately two wees after

"ating and will continue to lay eggs for eight or nine "ore days! fter the fe"ale has finished

the oviposition or egg4laying process she will soon die! n interesting pheno"enon of the egg

laying process is that the eggs which are deposited first are orange in color and will beco"e

fe"ale offspring, while the eggs that are laid later are white and will give rise to "ale

offspring! The average nu"ber of eggs produced by each fe"ale will vary due to several

factors, but is pri"arily influenced by the species of the host plant that is being infested! In

'eorgia, it was reported that fe"ale scales laid an average of 1&& eggs when peach treesserved as the host plant, while in %lorida, an average of 8& eggs were laid on potato plants!

The eggs hatch three to four days after being deposited and young crawlers e"erge!
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23topmailto:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23top


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Figure 4. dult fe"ale white peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targioni), with eggs!

hotograph by *yle J! +uss,#niversity of %lorida!

The "ale offspring have a tendency to stay near the scaly covering of their "other, so"eti"es

sheltering under her ar"or! 'enerally, the fe"ales will wander further away fro" the "other

which serves to distribute the scale infestation throughout the host plant! The young scales

will "ove about the host plant for up to 1. hours and then settle down to begin feeding!

%e"ale white peach scales will undergo two "olts before reaching se/ual "aturity as adults!0ales will undergo five "olts before reaching adulthood! 6nce "ature, however, the "ales

will live for only one day! To facilitate the "ating process, fe"ales will release se/

phero"one ti"ed to the eclosion of the "ales! The "ales are then attracted to the phero"one

and are capable of "ating with several different fe"ales in a short period of ti"e!

Economic Signiicance !,ack to "op$

The white peach scale inhabits up to 1.1 host plants in %lorida and can cause "a;or econo"ic

da"age! $o"e of the host plants that have been identified are privet, "ulberry, paper

"ulberry, catalpa, and chinaberry! Thousands of dollars are spent each year on the control ofthis pest as infestation can beco"e significant! The white peach scale will infest the bar, fruit

and leaves of plants, thus "aing it a iptera= Cecido"yiidae) also attac white peach scale! In

.&&-, researchers in awaii i"ported a parasitoid wasp,Encarsia diasapidicola, under

?uarantine! The wasp will be tested under laboratory conditions for white peach scale control!
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/lady_beetles.htmhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/lady_beetles.htmmailto:[email protected]://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/lady_beetles.htm


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Chemical.0anage"ent of the white peach scale is difficult as the scales protect the"selves

very effectively with their hard, wa/y ar"or! Control "ethods are often best directed at the

larval or crawler stages which are the "ost vulnerable! Traditional "ethods of control have

included various insecticidal oils as well as a nu"ber of other pesticides! s insecticide

reco""endations and regulations are updated yearly, it is advisable to consult a local

Cooperative /tension $ervice office or a pesticide reference guide for current infor"ation oncontrol "ethods for this pest!

%lorida Insect 0anage"ent 'uide for orna"entals

%lorida Insect 0anage"ent 'uide for fruit

Selecte +ee#ences !,ack to "op$

+obb 0*, Weidhaas J, onton *%! 1-2@! White peach scale= life istory and control studies!

Journal of cono"ic nto"ology = 1.-&41.-.!

Collins %, Whitco"b W! 1-25! :atural ene"ies of the white peach scalePseudaulacaspispentagona(o"optera= Coccoidea), in %lorida! %lorida nto"ologist58= 154.1!

>uyn J9, 0urphey 0! 1-21! *ife history and control of white peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis

pentagona(o"optera= Coccoidea)! %lorida nto"ologist53= -14-5!

'ossard ! 1-&.! Two peach scales! %lorida gricultural /peri"ent $tation +ulletin 1= 3-.4

.-8!

a"on +! 1-8@! White peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targ! 4 ToAA!) (o"optera=

Coccoidea= >iaspididae)! nto"ology Circular :o! .5@! %lorida >epart"ent of gricultural and

Consu"er $ervices! >ivision of lant Industry! . pp!

%asulo TB, 7ern W, 7oehler ', $hort >! (.&&5)! ests In and round the o"e!9ersion .!&!

#niversity of %loridaI%$! C>4B60! $W 1.!

0c*aughlin JB, eath BB, shley TB! 1--&! eriodicity of phero"one release fro" fe"ale white

peach scale! hysiological nto"ology 15= 1-@41-2!

0iAell B%, %asulo TB, $hort >! (.&&.)! Woody+ug= pest and beneficial arthropods of

southeastern #!$! woody orna"entals! #niversity of %loridaI%$! C>4B60! $W 11-!

$ti""el J%! 1-8.! $easonal history of the white peach scale,Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targ! 4

ToAA!) (o"optera= >iaspididae), in northeastern ennsylvania! roceedings of the nto"ology

$ociety of Washington 83= 1.841@@!

Wood 0! (July .&&-)! esy white peach scale targeted in tropical studies! USDA-ARS News &

Events! (.3 $epte"ber .&1.)! Wright 0'! (pril .&&-)!:ews on tropical fruit and nut pests and I0 reco""endations!Insect

Ecology and Integrated Pest Management a!" University o# $awaii at Manoa! (.3 $epte"ber .&1.)!

Donce C, Jaclin $W! 1-23! *ife history of the white peach scale in central 'eorgia! Journal of

the 'eorgia nto"ological $ociety -= [email protected]!

Author: Deanna Branscome, University of Florida

Photographs by: yle !" Buss, University of Florida#eb Design: Don #asi$, !ane %edley
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/TOPIC_GUIDE_IG_Ornamentalshttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/TOPIC_GUIDE_IG_Fruit_and_Nutshttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/ento/entcirc/ent253.pdfhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/fasulo/pests/software/det_pests.htmhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/fasulo/pests/software/det_pests.htmhttp://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2009/090717.htmhttp://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/wrightm/extension.htmhttp://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/wrightm/extension.htmmailto:[email protected]://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/TOPIC_GUIDE_IG_Ornamentalshttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/TOPIC_GUIDE_IG_Fruit_and_Nutshttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/scales/white_peach_scale.htm#top%23tophttp://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/ento/entcirc/ent253.pdfhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/fasulo/pests/software/det_pests.htmhttp://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2009/090717.htmhttp://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/wrightm/extension.htmmailto:[email protected]


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Publication &umber: ''&()*+Publication Date: February ---" atest revision: September ./."

0opyrightUniversity of Florida1An '2ual 3pportunity 4nstitutionPro5ect 0oordinator: !ennifer " Gillett)6aufman, University of Florida
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