Neurotiinele cognitive ale limbajului: O scurt introducerelimbajului: O scurt introducere

NCA 2012

Perspectiv istoric Antichitate: deficitele de limbaj au

legtur cu limba; tratamentul consta n masaje ale limbii i gargare speciale

Sec. XVI: deficite de limbaj pot aprea fr paralizii ale limbii; cu toate acestea, tratamentul consta n tieturi pe limb, sngerri, aplicare de lipitori

1770, Johann Augustin Philipp 1770, Johann Augustin Philipp Gesner: amnezia pentru limbaj deficit de limbaj fr alte deficite cognitive

Joseph Gall: leziuni cerebrale i deficite de limbaj (localizri neinformative, dar acrediteaz controlul cerebral al limbajului)

1825, Jean-Baptiset Bouillaud: studii de caz care indic legtura dintre lobii frontali i limbaj

1861, Simon Alexandre Ernest Aubertin: dac se apas pe lobul frontal cu o spatul, se ntrerupe vorbirea

Jean-Baptiset Bouillaud1796-1881

Pierre Paul Broca (1824-1880)

Creierele lui Leborgne (stnga) i Lelong (dreapta). Broca le-a conservat n alcool i apoi le-a donat la Muse Dupuytren din Paris.

The integrity of the third frontal convolution (and perhaps of the second) seems indispensable to the exercise of the faculty of articulate language ... I found that in my second patient, the lesion occupied exactly the same seat as with the first ... immediately behind the middle third, opposite the insula and precisely on the same side (translation ours, Broca P. Nouvelle observation daphmie produite par une lsion de la troisime circonvolution frontale. Bulletins de la Socit danatomie (Paris), 2e serie (1861a) 6:398407)

He could no longer produce but a single syllable, which he usually repeated twice in succession; regardless of the question asked him, he always responded: tan, tan, combined with varied expressive gestures. This is why, throughout the hospital, he is known only by the name Tan(Broca P. Remarques sur le sige de la facult du langage articul, suivies dune observation daphmie (perte de la parole). Bulletins de la Socit danatomie (Paris), 2e serie (1861c) 6:33057.

LEBORGNE

Afazia motorie (non-fluent sau Broca) Dificulti de vorbire nelegerea limbajului e

neafectat Anomie: nu-i gsesc cuvintele Stil telegrafic i agramatism

(de ex., omit cuvinte de (de ex., omit cuvinte de legtur articole, pronume, prepoziii i conjuncii; verbele nu sunt conjugate)

Parafazii: cuvinte cu alt sens Aria Broca: engramele

programelor motorii de articulare a cuvintelor

Carl Wernicke(1848 Prusia/Polonia 1905 Germania)

Afazia senzorial (fluent sau Wernicke) nelegerea limbajului e alterat Vorbirea este intact, fluent, dar fr

sens

Parafazii mult mai frecvente Parafazii mult mai frecvente Aria Wernicke: face legtura dintre sunete i sens

Joseph Jules Dejerine(1849, Geneva - 1917, Paris)

Alexie: deficit de nelegere a limbajului scris Girusul angular stng

Ludwig Lichtheim (1845-1928)

A AuditivM MotorB Concepte

Numerele indic arii n care disconeciile produc deficite diferite

Lichtheim (1885)

Tipuri de afazii

Bear, Connors & Paradiso, 2007

Wernicke i procesarea distribuit

Based on on his discoveries and those of Broca, Fritsch, and Hitzig, Wernicke proposed (1876) that only the most basic mental functions, those concerned with simple perceptual and motor activities, are localized to single areas of the cortex, and that more complex intellectual functions result cortex, and that more complex intellectual functions result from interconnections between several functional sites. In placing the principle of localized function within a connectionist framework, Wernicke appreciated that different components of a single behavior are processed in different regions of the brain. He thus advanced the first evidence for the idea of distributed processing, which is now central to our understanding of brain function. (Kandel et al., 1995)

Wilder Penfield(1891 1976)

Brenda Milner

Pacientul D.H. (Penfield & Roberts, 1959)

Excizarea unei regiuni care include aria Broca nu produce afazie motorie!

18 ani la momentul 18 ani la momentul operaiei

Epilepsie frontal sever, cu deficite de vorbire

the congenital abnormality had caused displacement of function

Pinel, 1990

Bogen, JE and Bogen, GM (1976) Wernicke's region--where is it? Ann NY Acad Sci, 280, pp. 834-843.

Dispraxie verbal n timpul dezvoltrii familia K.E.

FoxP2 umaFoxP2 umann (7q31)(7q31): Gena : Gena limbajului?limbajului?