minoritatile chinei-armonie si culoare(ii)

8/12/2019 Minoritatile Chinei-Armonie si culoare(II)

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The Dongxiang Nationality has a poplation o! 373"872" #ost in theDongxiang $tono#os %onty o! &inxia 'i $tono#os ()e!e*t)e"+ans ()o,in*e- The )est li,e s*atte)ed in .inghai ()o,in*e" Ningxia 'i$tono#os /egion and iniang yg) $tono#os /egion-Dongxiang #an g)eet ea*h othe) y shaing hands-

n histo)y" the Dongxiangs e)e *alled Dongxiang 'ihi" Dongxiangongols o) Dongxiang $o)igines" hi*h )e!e))ed in gene)al to theosle#s li,ing in the %ent)al $sian a)eas- $!te) the !onding o! ne %hina"they e)e gene)ally *alled the Dongxiang Nationality-

The Dongxiang langage )ese#les to the ongolian and elongs to theongolian g)op o! the $ltai* !a#ily- t has no )itten !o)#- 'en*e" #anyDongxiang people ha,e a good *o##and o! %hinese-

&o*ated eteen the aohe and Daxia )i,e)s and in the soth o! the ello/i,e)" the Dongxiang a)ea is lined y #ontains and gllies- (otatoes !)o#Dongxiang a)e seet and *ontain high g)anlose- :the) !a#os p)od*tsa)e ate)#elon" pea)s and ap)i*ots--

The Dongxiangs ha,e #*h the sa#e *sto#s" haits and !aiths as the'is in the no)thest o! %hina ;,e)yody lo,es to sing !ol 'ahite >ings- $t#n is the !esti,al seasono! the ,illage)s- They *ele)ate thei) good ha),est ith a)t pe)!o)#an*es

and *o#petitions-

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The p)esent poplation o! the an*h Nationality is 9-821-180- ost o! the

an*h people li,e in the No)theast o! %hina- The la)gest an*h*o##nity lies in &iaoning ()o,in*e- :the)s a)e idely dist)ited in *itiesth)oghot %hina-

The an*h Nationality has an ext)e#ely long histo)y- The Sshen people"li,ing 2-000 yea)s ago" as thei) ea)liest an*esto)s They e)e *alled theilos in the 'an Dynasty" the >is in the Sothe)n and No)the)ndynasties" the ohos in the Si and Tang dynasties and the l)*hens in theliao" Song" an and ing pe)iods- n an*ient ti#es" these people )oa#edin the east o! the %hangai ontain and the 'eilong and >sli )i,e)

,alleys- n the late 16th *ent)y? the l)*hens led y N)ha*hi ande#e)ged as ex*ellent ho)se#en and silled #onted a)*he)s"a#alga#ated so#e 'an" ongolian and @o)ean people- &ate)" a ne*o##nityAthe an*hs *a#e into eing-

The an*hs ha,e thei) on o)al and )itten langage- t elongs to thean*hATngsi* g)op in the $ltai* langage !a#ily- The )iting syste#"*)eated y the end o! the 16th *ent)y" adopted the ongolian alphaet"to hi*h dots and *i)*les e)e added- $!te) the an*hs niBed the*ont)y nde) thei) .ing Dynasty" a la)ge n#e) o! an*h people#o,ed to the %ent)al (lains- To ette) *onta*t ith the 'ans oth in

e*ono#y and *lt)e" #any an*h people lea)nt to spea %hinese-

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Today" #ost an*h people a)e !a)#e)s- Those li,ing in *ities o) inindst)ial and *lt)al ente)p)ises- Co) *ent)ies" the an*h people ha,e#ade i##o)tal *ont)ition to the !o)#ation o! the %hinese nation and thede,elop#ent o! %hinese *lt)e-

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The p)esent poplation o! the ongolians n#e)s 4"806"849- ost o! the%hinaangian /i,e) Eon the easte)n an

o! p)esent ;)gn /i,e)F- $s one o! the ongol t)ies" they e)e *alled


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>ith a poplation o! 6"572"173" the i Nationality is one o! the oldest#ino)ity g)ops in the sothest o! %hina" #ostly *on*ent)ated in the#ontain a)eas o! nnan" Si*han" +iho p)o,in*es and the no)theasto! +angxi Ihang $tono#os /egion- eande)ing )i,e)s" deep ,alleys")ipply laes" and )i*h Jatland altogethe) #ae the i a)eas loo lie!ai)ylands-

The i people has #any )an*hes- They *alled the#sel,es ,a)iosly s*has Nos" Nas" and Nies- The na#e o! i NationKality asgene)ally a**epted a!te) the !onding o! ne %hina-

The is sed a sola) *alenda) in old days- ost o! the# plant *)ops andso#e )aise ani#als- The i langage" *ontaining 6 diale*ts" elongs to theTietAH)#a) g)op o! the SinoA Tietan !a#ily- The syllai* i s*)ipt is stillin se- any ,alale o)s in histo)y" lite)at)e" #edi*ine and !ol talesa)e )itten in the i langage- si* o! the i people is niGe and thepeople lo,e to sing and dan*e- T)aditional sil,e) o)na#ents" e#)oide)y"la*Ge) painting" *a),ings and paintings o! the is a)e !ll o! !ol !eat)es-

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n %hina" the)e a)e 1-594"827 people o! the Hai nationality ost o! the#)eside a)ond the ;hai &ae in the Dili Hai $tono#os ()e!e*t)e in theest o! nnan ()o,in*e- The )est li,e elsehe)e in Si*han" +iho and'nan p)o,in*es- $t the !oot o! the sno*apped %angshan ontain andy the *lea) le ;hai &ae is the o)ld !a#os Dali %ity he)e the Haisha,e long inhaited- The Hai a)eas enoyp)ospe)os e*ono#y and high *i,iliation- Stale Hai *o##nities ha,e*o#e into eing !)o# ti#e i##e#o)ial- n the 'an and Lin dynasties" theHais< an*esto)s e)e *alled @n#ing- The Tang go,e)n#ent *alled the#'e#an" Songai#an o) Hai#an" hile in the an and ingdynasties" they e)e non as the Hos- The Hai people shoed spe*ialinte)ests in hite *olo)- 'en*e" the na#e o! Hai Nationality as gene)allya**epted y the# a!te) the !onding o! ne %hina-

The Hai langage elongs to the TietoAH)#an g)op o! the SinoATietan!a#ily- ost Hai people spea %hinese" th)ogh hi*h they *o##ni*ateith othe) nationalities-$s an an*ient ethni* g)op" the Hais a)e p)od o! thenA splendid*i,iliation- n old days" Hai s*hola)s e)e pionee)s in ast)ono#y"#eteo)ology" #edi*ine" painting and lite)at)e" and le!t a ealth o!,alale *lt)al t)eas)es s*h as the th)ee pagodas in %hongshengTe#ple o! Dali" g)ottoes in Shiao ontain o! Lian*han- The pi*t)e )oll o!the histo)y o! Nanhao Ihongxing @ingdo# and the pi*t)e )oll o! Dali-The Hais ha,e long een an ag)i*lt)al people- They oil the ea)th and Bshas ell- Today" the Hai a)ea has een de,eloped into a #ao) g)ain and Bsh

p)od*e) in the sothest o)de) )egion-

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The Dai ethni* #ino)ity" hi*h n#e)s 1"158"989" is dist)itedth)oghot the Dai $tono#os /egion and the Dehong DaiALingpo$tono#os /egion in ishanganna in the sothe)n pa)t o! nnan()o,in*e- n the past" they e)e *alled


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li,ely" Jexile and g)a*e!l #o,e#ents in a dan*e that is a popla) pa)t o!the >ate)Asplashing Cesti,al-

CoodMDai people lo,e gltinos )i*e and hot and so) dishes- $ !a,o)ite dish is

a#oo )i*e" #ade y ptting *lean )i*e into a a#oo te" adding ate)and soaing !o) 7 o) 8 ho)s- Cinally" the #oth o! te is *o,e)ed ith aanana lea! and the hole thing is )oasted !o) aot 12 #intes- The)eslting so!t" deli*ate )i*e e#its a deli*ios a#oo !)ag)an*e and is a*hoi*e oe)ing !o) gests-Cesti,alsM#po)tant Dai !esti,als a)e the >ate)Asplashing Cesti,al" the Doo)A*losingCesti,al and the Doo)Aopening Cesti,al" all o! hi*h a)e )elated toHddhis#- The >ate)Asplashing Cesti,al is the Ne ea) o! the Dai ethni*#ino)ity- :n the 24th to 26th day o! the sixth #onth o! the Dai *alenda)"people engage in t)aditional a*ti,ities s*h as ate)Asplashing and d)agonAoating" hoping to pa*i!y e,il spi)its and ens)e a good ha),est in the*o#ing yea)-

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:ne o! the la)gest #ino)ity g)ops in %hina is the 'i Nationality- tspoplation n#e)s 8-602-978- The la)gest 'i *o##nity is in Ningxia'i $tono#os /egion- $ !e li,e in +ans" .inghai" 'eei" 'enan"nnan" Shandong and iniang $tono#os /egion-'i is sho)t !o) 'iA'i- The 'is ha,e thei) )oots in the iddle ;ast- n theTang and Song dynasties" a n#e) o! $)aian and (e)sian #e)*hants*a#e to %hina and settled don in the sotheast *oastal a)eas- They e)e*alled Cane at that ti#e- n the 13th *ent)y" the ongolian a)#ylan*hed th)ee >este)n ;xpeditions" !o)*ing a la)ge n#e) o! osle#s inthe %ent)al $sia to i##ig)ate easta)d to %hina- These i##ig)ants"togethe) ith Cane" inte)#a))ied ith people o! the sa#e )eligion ando**pations" and aso)ed the *sto#s o! the 'ans" ongolians andyg)s- &ate) this a#alga#ated g)op as *alled 'ihi-

%hinese is the *o##on langage o! the 'is- 'oe,e)" in )eligiosp)a*ti*es and so*ial *onta*ts" exp)essions !)o# the $)aian and (e)sianlangages a)e still in se- Those li,ing in o)de) a)eas adopted lo*allangages-The 'i people sally li,e in *loseAnit g)ops" t thei) *o##nitiess*atte) all pa)ts o! the *ont)y- n the inte)io) o! %hina" the 'is #ainly li,etogethe) ith the 'ans" hile in onie) a)eas? they get along ith othe)#ino)ity peoples- n #ost *ases" the 'i settle#ents a)e ilt nea) t)aO*hs" hi*h enale the 'i people to de,elop a p)ospe)os e*ono#y and ahigh *lt)e-D)ing the %o)an Cesti,al" osle#s p)aying in the Tongxin osGe-

The d)ess o! the 'is loos al#ost the sa#e as that o! the 'ans- Thedie)en*e is headgea)- 'i #en ea) hite" la* o) )on *aps- >o#en

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ea) long head s*a),es- n the no)thest a)eas" yong o#en ea) g)eenhead s*a),es? #iddleAaged o#en ea) la* o) g)een" hile old o#enea) hite-The 'is a)e osle#s- sla# played an i#po)tant )ole in the!o)#ing o! the 'i nationality-The 'is e)e initially dependent !o) thei)li,elihood on !anning- So#e )aise ani#als o) engage in handi*)a!t- The

'is a)e otstanding siness#en- Thei) )esta)ants enoy high !a#e-

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>ith a poplation o! 411"476" the &ahs li,e # *lose *o##nities inSi#ao" &in*ang in the &an*hang /i,e) Palley" ishanghanna Dai$tono#os ()e!e*t)e" and 'onghe 'aniAi $tono#os ()e!e*t)e-

The &ahs #ae thei) ho#e in a st)opi*al #ontain a)ea- The *li#ate is*ool in s##e) and a)# # inte)- n the &an*hang a)ea" )i,e)s #eande)in high #ontains" hi*h a)e p)od*ti,e and pi*t)esGe land )i*h in,a)ios )eso)*es-

>ith to #ao) )an*hesAthe &ahna" and &ahxi" the &ahs a)edes*endants o! the an*ient Di and .iang peoples and ha,e *lose ties iththe is- n the histo)i*al do*#ents o! the .ing Dynasty" the &ahs e)e*alled &ohei" t they *all the#sel,es &ah #eaning )oast tige)- Thena#e shos that the &ahs sed to e a hnting t)ie- The @*ong people

a)e anothe) )an*h o! the &ahs- $!te) the !onding o! ne %hina" theye)e !o)#ally *alled the &ah Nationality-

The &ah langage elongs to the i )an*h o! the TietAH)#an g)op o!the SinoATietan !a#ily- any &ahs *an spea oth %hinese and the Dailangage- The )itten !o)# o! the &ah langage as *)eated y aeste)n #issiona)y- &ate)" on the asis o! this syste#" /o#aniation)iting e*a#e p)e,alent-

The &ahs a)e ex*ellent i#p)o,isato)s- Thei) #si* ses )eed pipes andth)eeAst)inged pl*ed inst)#ents- >ith )epeat sta#ping and saying tothe le!t" &ah dan*es a)e d)a#ati* and *olo)!l- Co) exa#ple" thet)aditional )eed pipe dan*e has aot 30 to 40 styles- The &ahs lo,e to

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#ae Tope Ea )iddle in the !o)# o! poet)yF- %ele)ating the To)*h!esti,al is t)aditional-

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The iaos" ith a poplation o! 7"398"035" a)e #ainly dist)ited in+iho" 'nan" nnan p)o,in*es and the +angxi Ihang $tono#os/egion-

:n the Jatland o! the a)# and )ainy iaoling and >ling #ontains" theiaos g)o )i*e" #aie" heat" *otton" toa**o" #illet" )ape" and tngt)ees- The #ontain a)eas he)e the iaos #ae thei) ho#es also ha,eandant ti#e) and #ine)al )eso)*es-The p)esent iao people *an e t)a*ed a* to the p)i#iti,e %hi o T)ieli,ing in the %ent)al (lains se,e)al thosand yea)s ago- n the Shang andIho pe)iods" !o)e!athe)s o! the iaos estalished the Th)eeA iaos Statein the #iddle and loe) )ea*hes o! the %hangiang /i,e) planting )i*e !o)!ood- Co) so#e )easons" these people had #o,ed !o) se,e)al ti#es- The#ig)ating )ote as app)oxi#ately !)o# the ello /i,e) Palley" to 'nan"+iho and nnan-

The iao langage elongs to the iaoAao g)op in the SinoATietan!a#ily- Co)#e)ly" the iao people had no s*)ipt- &ate)" in the 1950s" a/o#aniation syste# !o) the iao langage as *)eated- $t p)esent #ostiao people se %hinese-The iao songs and dan*es ha,e a long histo)y- The *o#pli*ated /eed(ipe Dan*e &s ,e)y popla)- Thei) *)ossAstit*h o)" e#)oide)y" atis")o*ades and o)na#ents a)e exGisite !ol a)ts and enoy high !a#e- Theiaos ha,e #any !esti,als- The #ost i#po)tant a)e the Ne ea)


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The n#e) o! people o! the Tietan an*est)y is pla*ed at 4"593"330- They#ainly li,e in Tiet $tono#os /egion and the neigho)ing p)o,in*ess*h as .inghai" +ans" Si*han and nnan-Tiet" the )oo! o! the o)ld" is a land o! #yste)y and ho#e to one o!%hinaeia" those in the est o!Si*han ()o,in*e se @anga and those in .inghai" nnan" andno)thest Si*han p)o,in*es se $ndoa-The an*esto)s o! Tietans o)iginally li,ed along the !e)tile ans o! the

a)lng Iango /i,e) as ea)ly as the .in and 'an dynasties- The #iddle)ea*hes o! the )i,e) a)e an ext)e#ely )i*h a)ea !o) pasto)alis#- Thedo#esti*ation o! the ha)dy oR,ine *)eat)e" the ya" ass)ed*onside)ale ealth !o) Tietan hsand#en- Co) ya) *an e sed aspa* ani#al and is a so)*e o! #eat and tte)- Sheep" goat" and plan niEosp)ing o! a ll and a !e#ale yaF a)e also i#po)tant to the e*ono#y-%e)eal" p)i#a)ily Ginge a)ley" is Tiet


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The Tietan langage" *ontaining the >eiang" @ang and $ndo diale*ts"elongs to the TietoAH)#a) g)op o! the Sino Tietan !a#ily- The se o!the Tietan langage st)engthened the e*ono#i* ties ith the %ent)al(lains o! %hina- n 641" the Tietan ing Songen +a#po #a))ied ()in*ess>en %heng o! the Tang Dynasty- This e,ent )oght aot an

np)e*edented de,elop#ent in the Tietan *lt)e- C)o# the 10th to 16th*ent)ies" Tietan *i,iliation )ea*hed its enith in the pli*ation o! theto ,ol#inos Hddhist en*y*lopedi* o)s the @an) and Ten)-o)eo,e)" a ealth o! t)eatises in p)osody" lite)at)e" philosophy" histo)y"geog)aphy" ast)ono#y" *alenda) and #edi*ine *a#e ot in this pe)iod-The Tietans a)e y nat)e ellient" sangine and old" so a)e thei) !ola)ts- $ ,e)y popla) a)t !o)# in Tiet is the dan*e d)a#a- Dan*e)s #o,ethei) ody ith sp)ightly )hyth# singing pleasant ly)i*s-Hddhis# p)oaly B)st ente)ed Tiet in the 4th *ent)y $-D- !)o#@ash#is and Nepal- t as adopted as the *o)t )eligion in the 7th *ent)y-C)o# the 13th to the #idA16th *ent)ies" Hddhis# e*a#e popla)-onasti* syste# sp)ed idely th)ogh Tiet- Cinally e#e)ging as thep)edo#inant )eligios institte- The #ost !a#os #onaste)ies a)e +nden"Se)a" D)epng" Tashi &hnpo and the (ala (ala*e-

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The >a poplation is 351-974-They #ae thei) ho#es in i#eng"%angyan" engiian" and +eng#a *onties in the sothest o! nnan()o,in*e-

The >a a)ea" lo*ated in the sothe)n !oothills o! the Nshan ontainsand eteen the &an*hang and Sa)n )i,e)s" is *alled the $a ontain/egion- This solita)y a)ea ith !e Jatland has a *o#pli*ate *li#ate" tyields andant o! *ash plants and is an ideal ho#e o! #any )a)e ildani#als s*h as tige)" &eopa)d" ea)" ild oa)" and )oe dee)-

The >as *all the#sel,es $a- n the Iho and .in dynasties" they #adep a )an*h o! Haip- &ate) in the .ing Dynasty" they e)e *alled +ala"

'aa o) @aa- Sin*e the !onding o! ne %hina" they ha,e eengene)ally *alled the Pa Nationality" #eaning #ontainee)s-

The >a langage elongs to the $st)oA$siati* !a#ily- t had no )ittens*)ipt ntil the 1950s- Th)oghot thei) histo)y" the >as ept )e*o)ds y#aing not*hes on ood-

The >as asi*ally )ely on !a)#ing- They lo,e d)ining and *heing etelnts that tint thei) teeth la* and lips )ed- The Pas d)in ith a#ootes- >hene,e) the)e is a !esti,al" edding" !ne)al" )e*eption o)

dis*ssion" ine #st e se),ed a**o)ding to the t)aditional )ites- 'en*ethe saying goes that the)eas a)e good

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singe)s and dan*e)s- The #ost popla) a)e the %i)*le Donee and theo)ta) = (estle Dan*e- >hen the %i)*le Dan*e sta)ts" people" no #atte)#en o) o#en" yong o) old" dan*e and sing hand in hand ith sp)ightly)hyth#-

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The aos" ith a poplation o! 2"134"013" a)e #ainly dist)ited in+angxi" 'nan" nnan" +angdong" +iho and Lia ngxi p)o,in*es-

$n*esto)s o! the ao people !o)#e)ly inhaited the %hangiang /i,e) Hasin-D)ing the .in and 'an dynasties" they !o)#ed a pa)t o! the %hangsha>ling#ans" also *alled the >xi#ans- >hen these people #o,edsotha)d" so#e t)ies settled don in the sothest #ontain a)eas- tis said that e,e)y pea o! the Nanling ontains is inhaKited y aos-

The ao people ha,e thei) ho#es in st)opi*al #ontain a)eas aot1"000 to 2"000 #ete)s ao,e sea le,elao ,illages a)e sally s))ondedy thi* a#Koo and t)ees- Die)ent ao t)ies sed to ha,e die)entna#es in a**o)dan*e ith thei) t)ial o)igins" o**pations" atti)e and*sto#- 'en*e the)e e)e #o)e than 20 )an*hes a#ong the ao peoples*h as the (an ao" %hashan ao" Shani ao" $o ao" 'alan ao" Haiao and 'ongto ao- $!te) the !onding o! ne %hina" they e)e gi,en asingle appellation-

The ao langage elongs to the iaoAao g)op o! the SinoATietan !a#ily-

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:ing to *ent)ies o! *onta*t ith the 'ans" iaos and Ihangs" #anyao people spea the %hinese" Ihang and iao langages-

&i,ing in solita)y #ontains" #ost ao people lead a p)i#iti,e li!e" si#ply!a)#ing" hnting and Bshing- ;,en in #ode)n days" the aos still )etain

thei) an*ient !ol tales" eati!l songs" Gaint dan*es" niGe #a))iage"and !aith- ao o#en a)e noted !o) #aing elao)ate )o*ade and *olo)!l*lothing-

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minoritatile chinei-armonie si culoare(ii)

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