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Notiuni de baza – Notiuni de baza – urgente pneumologiceurgente pneumologice
Notiuni de baza – Notiuni de baza – urgente pneumologiceurgente pneumologice
Conf.Dr.AntigonaTroforConf.Dr.AntigonaTrofor
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Hemoptizia
Def:eliminarea de sange provenit din caile aeriene subglotice prin cavitatea bucala.
Dg.diferential cu hematemeza,sfera ORL-laringe, faringe,epistaxis inghitit,cavitatea bucala-vene baza lb, perete jugal)
Diagnostic pozitiv-emisia pe gura de sange aerat,rosu-deschis,insotita de tuse/epistaxis.
Clasificare-cantitativ-mimima(ml),mica-medie(200-300ml),mare(>/=500ml),masiva.
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Hemoptizia-conduita terapeutica
Gesturi utile imediate-aprecierea corecta a cantitatii de sange-semne clinice de detresa respiratorie-care
sugereaza gravitatea-insuficienta respiratorie acuta.
-cercetarea semnelor clinice de anemie acuta (paloare,hTA,puls slab,filiform)
-Semne de soc hemodinamic-in Hemoptizii masive.
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Hemoptizii-conduita/tratament
Internare obligatoriu!-in Hemoptizii mari
-repaus la pat-punga cu gheata-inventarierea cauzelor-
ORL,hematologice,Cardiovasculare,respiratorii.-endoscopia bronsica.
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Hemoptizii-conduita/tratament
-oxigenoterapie 2-4 l/min.-eliberarea cailor respiratorii-cale de abord venos cu acces permanent-umplere vasculara pt.corectia
hemodinamica-vasoconstrictoare-vasopresina,sandostatin-hemostatice i.v./i.m-trat.chirurgical-embolizare arteriala
bronsica,ligatura.
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Criza de astm bronsicDiagnostic-dispnee paroxistica expiratorie,wheezing-polipnee,cianoza-agitatie,transpiratii,tahicardie,HTA,pulsparadoxal-semne de oboseala musculara,respiratie
paradoxala-LINISTE RESPIRATORIE
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Criza de astm bronsic-aerosoli cu bronhodilalatoare cu durata
scurta de actiune-salbutamol,corticoizi-flixotide.
-corticosteroizi sistemici (oral,i.m./i.v.)-Metilprednisolon.
-oxigenoterapie,hidratare p.o./sistemic-antagonisti de leukotriene-
Montelukast(Singulair) i.v.-aminofiline i.v.-Miofilin/Teofilina i.v.-in exacerbari infectioase-antibioterapie.
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Embolia pulmonaraDef: Obstructia arterelor pulmonare
printr-un cheag de sange migrat de la o tromboza.
-sediul trombozei:vene mb.inferioare,micul bazin,VCS,inima dreapta-factori favorizanti: staza venoasa,hipercoagulabilitatea, alterari de
perete venos
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Embolia pulmonaraDiagnostic
-dispnee instalata brusc,polipnee, dureri latero-toracice+/-tuse seaca,+/-febra.
-hemoptizii/spute hemoptoice-paloare,
cianoza,anxietate,obosealainexplicabila.
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Embolia pulmonaraGesturi terapeutice imediate
-repaus la pat-oxigenoterapie-combaterea tusei-antitusive-combaterea durerii-antalgice-umplerea patului vascular-tratament anticoagulant-Heparina-tratament antiagregant plachetar.