Butnariu GianinaCiubotaru Dana-OanaMuat LauraAn II Biologia dezvoltriiRELATII INTERSPECIFICE PLANTA- ANIMAL; ZOOCORIA

Zoochoria

Reprezinta modul principal de diseminare a diasporilor cu ajutorul animaleler. Acestea pot juca un rol activ-endozoochorie,si cel mai important, sau un rol ,pasiv-exozoochorie.

ENDOZOOCHORIA

In acest caz,diasporul (fructul sau samanta) cuprinde intotdeauna o parte suculenta,alimentara pentru animalul frugivor(pericarpul unei bace,mezocarpul unei drupe,receptaculul unei frage s.a.) si ale caror seminte,samburi sau achene aruncate cu excrementele,germineaza usor,invelisul lor fiind adesea digerat partial in cursul trecerii prin tubul digestive al animalelor.

Parus majorPasare rinocer

Sylvia atricapilla

Viscum album(fruct cu samanta)Turdus viscivorus

Ursul brunExcremente ce contin seminte nedigerate

EXOZOOCARPIA

Pe aceasta cale sunt raspandite mai cu seama fructele uscate,mai rar direct semintele pevazute cu formatiuni speciale.In toate cazurile,fructele sunt prevazute cu un sistem de agatare,macroscopic sau microscopic,care permit fixarea de parul ,picioarele sau de penele animalului si in felul acesta sunt transportate la distante foarte mari.Iata cateva dintre aceste formatiuni:

bractei vascoase,cu extremitatea recurbata,ale calatidiului de la brusture(Lappa major)si de la alte compozee

Arctium lappa

Arctium lappa(detaliu)

Ciulin de Baragan

Galium aparine (turita, lipicioasa)

-spini microscopici in forma de harpoon,numite si glochidii de pe achenele de la Cynoglossum officinalis-limba boului

stilul acrescent si indoit care insoteste achenele de Geum urbanum-ceretel

varfurile microscopice ale tegumentului semintei de Agrostemma githago-neghina

tepii de pe fructele unor umbelifere (Daucus carota-morcov),rubiacee(Galium-turita,sanzaiene),compozee(Xanthium-holera),boraginacee(Lappula-lipiciXanthium sp.

Daucus carota(morcov)

Tribulus terestris(coltii babei)Blana de animal cu spinii de Tribulus terestris

Animale participante la exozoochorieSciurus carolinensis (veverita)

Furnica

Cricetus sp.

Cartita

Soarecele de camp

Incepand cu coloniile initiale difuzarea semintelor se face mai cu seama prin intermediul omului - ANTROPOCHORIE . Este o certitudine ca omul participa in mod activ sau pasiv, prin diferite mijloace de transport la diseminarea semintelor acestei plante (se lipesc de talpa pantofilor). O alta cale de raspandire a semintelor este cea prin intermediul cailor si a mijloacelor de transport : soselele ( agatate de pneurile camioanelor si ale tractoarelor sau de uneltele si masinile agricole), caile ferate, caile fluviale. Antropocoria

Antropocoria

Va multumim pentru atentia acordata!

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