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    Inteligen ArtificialCurs 2

    Subdomenii ale IA cercetri curente

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    Domenii ale IA

    Reprezentarea cunotinelor

    reele semantice

    descriptive

    evenimeniale

    sisteme bazate pe logic

    diverse tipuri de logici (predicaional, de ordinul I,descriptiv)

    reele neuronale

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    Domenii ale IA

    Raionament

    demonstrarea automat a teoremelor

    reguli de producie (PROLOG, CLIPS)

    webul semantic

    raionament legat de timp i spaiu

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    Domenii ale IA

    Prelucrarea limbajului natural scris

    proba suprem: nelegerea limbajului scris analiz la nivel morfologic, sintactic, semantic,

    pragmatic, fenomene ale discursului, rezoluia anaforei

    traducere automat

    inferene textuale

    generarea limbajului construirea de resurse: treebank-uri, corpusuri,

    modele de limb, tezaure lexicale

    lexicografie computaional, dicionare electronice

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    Domenii ale IA

    Prelucrarea limbajului natural scris

    aplicaii complexe:

    sisteme de traducere automat i asistat

    sisteme de ntrebare-rspuns, de dialog

    sisteme de rezumare a textelor

    extragerea de informaii din texte

    clasificare documentar

    extragerea de ontologii

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    Domenii ale IA

    Prelucrarea vorbirii proba suprem: nelegerea vorbirii continue

    (sisteme vorbire-text)

    generarea vorbirii (sisteme text-vorbire)

    generarea de voci emotive, adaptarea prozodiei la mesaj

    nelegerea vocilor izolate, cu antrenarea pe vorbitor,indiferent de vorbitor

    nelegerea vorbirii continue

    nelegerea vocilor n medii cu zgomot, izolarea vocilor,urmrirea unui vorbitor ntr-un grup

    aplicaii complexe

    traducere convorbirilor telefonice n timp real

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    Domenii ale IA Interpretarea imaginilor

    proba suprem: descrierea coninutului imaginilor segmentarea imaginilor (descompunerea lor n pri

    semnificative)

    recunoaterea similaritilor dintre obiecte, mprireaobiectelor n clase

    recunoaterea persoanelor

    Aplicaii complexe: indexarea imaginilor (AI Google image)

    generarea de descrieri textuale ale imaginilor

    mpachetarea imaginilor (reducerea semnificativ adimensiunii fiierelor prin segmentare)

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    Domenii ale IA

    Interpretarea secvenelor de film

    proba suprem: interpretarea vizual a realitii

    segmentare (recunoaterea obiectelor dintr-o secven)

    urmrirea obiectelor/personajelor n secvene de imagini(tracking)

    aplicaii complexe:

    generarea de descrieri textuale ale secvenelor de film

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    Domenii ale IA

    Robotica

    proba suprem: crearea unui robot umanoid capabils interacioneze cu mediul similar omului

    sisteme de articulaie

    echilibru

    for i sensibilitate

    integrarea perceptorilor (vizuali, auditivi, olfactivi, tactili,

    gustativi) cu actorii (minile, picioarele)

    planificare

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    Domenii ale IA

    nvare

    dezvoltarea de teorii i tehnici ale nvrii

    supervizat, nesupervizat, semisupervizat etc.

    nvare evolutiv

    algoritmi genetici

    metode inspirate din natur

    metode de optimizare

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    Exemple de aplicaii ale IA

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    ICT 2010 event - Brussels Expo

    September 2010http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htm

    http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htm
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    The Brain Computer Interface

    www.gtec.at

    http://www.gtec.at/http://www.gtec.at/
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    Shadow: the right hand

    www.shadowrobot.com

    http://www.shadowrobot.com/http://www.shadowrobot.com/
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    Shadow

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    CompanionAble: Integrated Cognitive

    Assistive & Domotic Companion Robotic

    System for Ability & Security

    www.companionable.net

    http://www.companionable.net/http://www.companionable.net/
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    Helping to recover from locomotion

    disorders

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    Spatial Sound and Vision

    www.20203dmedia.eu

    http://www.20203dmedia.eu/http://www.20203dmedia.eu/
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    3D TV

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    CARE: Safe Private Homes for Elderly

    Persons

    www.care-aal.eu

    http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/
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    CARE: Safe Private Homes for Elderly

    Persons

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    Ambient intelligence

    Pervasive computing

    Ubiquitous computing

    As opposed to the desktop paradigm

    Electronic environments sensible to human presence

    All things around us think

    Mainly ascribed to domestic environments:

    - the house controls security, economy and leisure,continuously and imperceptibly: lighting, personal biometry,

    etc.- refrigerators are "aware" of their tagged contents: plan a

    variety of menus from the food actually on hand, and warnusers of stale or emptied food

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    Intelligent objects around us:

    dimensions and forms Smart dust: miniaturized devices, e.g., Micro Electro-

    Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ranging in size from nanometrethrough micrometers to millimetre (see also SF: The Invincible,Stanislaw Lem, 1964): mainly sensors: scattered around a building security, monitor

    temperature or earthquake in the military: track the enemys movements accelerator sensors glued on fingernails: sculpture in the air,

    virtual keyboard, conducting orchestras, etc.

    energy: sun light but also taken from animals or plants (OLED) see project SmartDust:

    http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ (1999)

    VECTOR: Robotics and microtechnology for next generation capsuleendoscopes: WWW.vector-project.com (2010)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems
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    Intelligent objects around us:

    dimensions and forms

    Skin: fabrics based upon light emitting and conductivepolymers, organic computer devices, can be formedinto more flexible non-planar display surfaces andproducts such as clothes and curtains, see OLED

    display. MEMS device can also be painted onto varioussurfaces so that a variety of physical world structurescan act as networked surfaces of MEMS.

    Clay: ensembles of MEMS can be formed into arbitrary

    three dimensional shapes as artefacts resembling manydifferent kinds of physical object (see also Tangibleinterface).

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_display
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    Tangible User Interfaces

    Invitation to visit Tangible Media Group

    http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phplead by prof.Hiroshi Ishii

    "tangible bits" giving physical form to digital information Recompose a system for manipulation of an actuated surface. Focal Space Kinect camera and sound sensors explore how

    expanding a system's understanding of spatially calibrated depthand audio alongside a live video stream can generate semantically

    rich three-dimensional pixels containing information regardingtheir material properties and location.

    Topobo the world's first construction toy with kinetic memory,the ability to record and playback physical motion.

    http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phpleadhttp://tangible.media.mit.edu/person.php?recid=1http://tangible.media.mit.edu/person.php?recid=1http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phplead
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    Internet of Things

    Web of Things

    Goals:

    to instrument and interconnect all things

    make the intelligence of things act for us

    See info at: IPs for Smart Objects Alliance: http://ipso-

    alliance.org/

    http://www.webofthings.com/

    Things That Think Consortiumhttp://ttt.media.mit.edu/

    http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://www.webofthings.com/http://ttt.media.mit.edu/http://ttt.media.mit.edu/http://www.webofthings.com/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/
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    Internet of Things

    Web of Things

    How to:

    Interconnect?

    Through Web services, which now are:

    good for static use-cases

    not flexible enough to build rapidly prototypes of lightweight ad-

    hoc applications such as mashups

    Use IPv6: scaling up the space of IP addresses over the web

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    IPv6

    Use 128 bits for an IP (Internet Protocol),

    instead of 32 in IPv4 in large use now

    2128 addresses, i.e. approximately 51028 (roughly

    295) addresses for each of the roughly 6.8 billion(6.8109) people alive in 2010

    See:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
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    Mashups

    A web page or application which uses a mixture of contentor elements. Examples: an application built from routines from multiple sources

    a Web site that combines content and/or scripts from multiple

    sources Types:

    Data mashups: combine similar types of media andinformation from multiple sources into a single representation

    Consumer mashups: combines different data types. Generally

    visual elements and data from multiple sources. (e.g.:Wikipediavision combines Google Map and a Wikipedia API)

    Business mashups: define applications that combine theirown resources, application and data, with other external webservices

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavision
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    Exploring affectivity

    Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction

    Recognition & Synthesis of Human Affect

    Affect-Sensitive Applications

    Methodological Issues in Affective Computing Affective & Social Robotics

    Affective & Behavioral Interfaces

    Affective Agents

    Relevant Insights from Psychology

    Affective Databases, Evaluation, & Annotation Tools

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    Aplicaii

    Intelligent Computing in Bioinformatics

    Intelligent Computing in Neuroinformatics & Cheminformatics

    Intelligent Computing in Computational Biology and Drug Design

    Intelligent Computing in Signal Processing

    Intelligent Computing in Pattern Recognition

    Intelligent Computing in Biometrics RecognitionIntelligent Computing in Image Processing

    Intelligent Computing in Robotics

    Intelligent Computing in Computer Vision

    Intelligent Computing in Brain Imaging and Bio-medical Engineering

    Intelligent Computing in Management

    Intelligent Computing in Finance/Banking

    Intelligent Computing in Communication Networks

    Intelligent Computing in Petri Nets/Transportation SystemsIntelligent Computing in Social Networking

    Intelligent Computing in Network Software/Hardware

    Intelligent Control and Automation

    Intelligent Image/Document Retrievals

    Intelligent Data Fusion and Information Security

    Intelligent Prediction & Time Series Analysis

    Intelligent Agent and Web Applications

    Intelligent Sensor NetworksIntelligent Fault Diagnosis

    Knowledge Representation/Reasoning and Expert Systems

    Virtual Reality and Human-Computer Interaction

    Optical Networks/Processing

    Business Intelligence and Multimedia Technology

    Intelligent E-services/Smart Homes