curs2 handouts

7/24/2019 Curs2 Handouts

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10/11/2015

CLP CURS 1 1

P C L P

C 2

, , E C,

D

CPINI. I.1 C I.1.1 C 10I.1.2 M

I.2 C I.2.1 C 10 I.2.2 C 10

II. II.1 R II.2 R

III. E CI. D IV.1 V IV.2 C IV.2.1 C IV.2.2 N IV.2.3 N IV.2.4 N

PCLP CURS 2 2

I. IEME DE NMEAIE

R .

B .

10, .

PCLP CURS 2 3

IEME DE NMEAIE

R , 0 1, .

D

.

PCLP CURS 2 4

:

, ;

0,

;

PCLP CURS 2 5

0

:

()= 1210=

= 1*1 + 2*

2 + + 1*1 + 0*

0

PCLP CURS 2 6


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CLP CURS 1 2

I.1 CONEIA NMEELONEGI

PCLP CURS 2 7

I.1.1 C 10 :

1. , ;

2. 10;

3. ( ) 10.

PCLP CURS 2 8

E: 2 10

01011100(2)

=

= 0*27 + 1*26 + 0*25 + 1*24 + 1*23 +

+ 1*22 + 0*21 + 0*20 =

= 92(10)PCLP CURS 2 9

P 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

N: 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

E: 8 10

157(8) = 1*82 + 5*81 + 7*80 = 111(10)

PCLP CURS 2 10

E: 16 10

A9B(16)=

A*162 + 9*161 + B*160 = 10*162 + 9*161 + 11*160 == 2715(10)

PCLP CURS 2 11

I.1.2 M 10

10 . S .

.

.

,

.PCLP CURS 2 12


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CLP CURS 1 3

C 10 2

,

.

N 2 .

P (1 ) .

PCLP CURS 2 13

E:13(10)= ? (2)

C O

13 : 2 6 1

6 : 2 3 0

3 : 2 1 1

1 : 2 0 (

) 1

PCLP CURS 2 14

D,13(10)= 1101(2) = 00001101(2)

A 10 8 16.

T 10 8 , .N 8 .

T 10 16 , .N 16 ( 10 A, 11 B.) .

PCLP CURS 2 15

C 25 10 2.

PCLP CURS 2 16

R

11001

PCLP CURS 2 17

E:2715(10)= ? (16)

C

2715 : 16 169 11 = B

169 : 16 10 9

10 : 16 0 ( ) 10 = A

PCLP CURS 2 18

D, 2715(10)= A9B(16)


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CLP CURS 1 4

I.2 CONEIA NMEELO EALE

PCLP CURS 2 19

C

U

() .

P

, .

C .

C :

PCLP CURS 2 20

I.2.1 C 10

S , .

.

T .

D

PCLP CURS 2 21

, , . .

PCLP CURS 2 22

2 8 16

2 * 0,123 = 0,246 + 0 8 * 0,123 = 0,984 + 0 16 * 0,123 = 0,968 + 1

2 * 0,246 = 0,492 + 0 8 * 0,984 = 0,872 + 7 16 * 0,968 = 0,488 + 15 (F)

2 * 0,492 = 0,984 + 0 8 * 0,872 = 0,976 + 6 16 * 0,488 = 0,808 + 7

2 * 0,984 = 0,968 + 1 8 * 0,976 = 0,808 + 7 16 * 0,808 = 0,928 + 12 (C)

2 * 0,968 = 0,936 + 1 8 * 0,808 = 0,464 + 6 16 * 0,928 = 0,848 + 14 (E)

0,00011(2) 0,07676(8) 0,1F7CE(16)

I.2.2 C 10

V :

0,121()

C :

(10) 1*1 + 2*

2 + + 1*(1) + *

PCLP CURS 2 23

.

0,1001(2)= 1*21 + 0*22 + 0*23 + 1*24 =

= 1*0,5 + 0 + 0 + 1*0,0625 = 0,5625 (10)

.

0,31(8)= 3*81 + 1*82 = 3*0,125 + 1* 0,015625 =

= 0,375 + 0,015625 = 0,390625 (10)

PCLP CURS 2 24


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CLP CURS 1 5

.

0,A5(16)= 10*161 + 5*162 =

= 10*0,0625 + 5*0,00390625 =

= 0,64453125 (10)

PCLP CURS 2 25

II. EPEENAEA INEN ADAELO

PCLP CURS 2 26

II.1

E:

ACII 8 (, ):

10 65.

D ACII A 65.

PCLP CURS 2 27

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

PCLP CURS 2 28

PCLP CURS 2 29 PCLP CURS 2 30


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CLP CURS 1 6

B 2

A

, 2 2:

8( )

16( ).

A 3 ()

4 .

PCLP CURS 2 31

B

10

B 2 B

8

B

1627 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3

4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 4

5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 5

6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 6 6

7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 7

PCLP CURS 2 32

B

10

B 2 B

8

B

1627 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

8 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 8

9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 11 9

10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 12 A/

11 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 13 B/

12 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 14 C/13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 15 D/

14 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 16 E/

15 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 17 F/

PCLP CURS 2 33

C ACII 8 (, ):

P 8. V , , :

PCLP CURS 2 34

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

D 01000001(2)= 101(8)S .

PCLP CURS 2 35

D .

PCLP CURS 2 36

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

D 01000001(2)= 41(16)

S 16

2 8.


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CLP CURS 1 7

R

.

A (.. A) ASCII (8 ).

P 2 ( 10 0 21),

P 8 28 = 256 10 0 255.

PCLP CURS 2 37

II.2

N

.

,

.

PCLP CURS 2 38

A ASCII 8 ,

, , .

D , .

PCLP CURS 2 39

C

, C, .

, 28 = 256 0 281 (0 255)

C .

PCLP CURS 2 40

D ,

216 = 65.536 0 2161 (0 65535)

C .

PCLP CURS 2 41

D ,

232 = 4.294.967.206 0 2321 :

(0 4.294.967.205)

C , .

PCLP CURS 2 42


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CLP CURS 1 8

C 2 (1) P

.

P 2 :

1. ( ) ,

2. ( 1 0 ),

3. 1 .

PCLP CURS 2 43

O 2 :

2 .

PCLP CURS 2 44

C 2 (2)

P ( , ) ,

1

0 .

P , 2 .

PCLP CURS 2 45

E 105 = 8 .A 105(10)= 01101001(2). C :1. 105(10)= 01101001(2), =>

10010110, 1 : 10010111. C :

2. 28 = 100000000, 28 105 2:

1000000000110100110010111

10010111, 105.

PCLP CURS 2 46

O

P = 8 ,

(21 1) = (27 1) = 127.

PCLP CURS 2 47

NEBI

1. P = 16 ?

2. P = 32 ?

PCLP CURS 2 48


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CLP CURS 1 9

PNI

1. (21 1) = (215 1) = 32.767

2. (21 1) = (231 1) = 2.147.483.647

PCLP CURS 2 49

III. EAPE N CEAEANI POGAM C

PCLP CURS 2 50

C C

L C .

R .

I, . C,

C, ..

PCLP CURS 2 51

E CPCLP CURS 2 52

III.1 E I, (..

) ().

S ( ) , ., C.

F .

PCLP CURS 2 53

III.2 C

F . 1 .C .

2.1.L , .

P .

E .

PCLP CURS 2 54


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CLP CURS 1 10

III.2.1 P

P .

A #.

A, # .

#, .

PCLP CURS 2 55

P

T

:

#,

#,

#

#.

PCLP CURS 2 56

P

, , #.

S # #.

PCLP CURS 2 57

III.2.2 C

U .

D , ( ).

A .

A , ..

PCLP CURS 2 58

C

,

,

( ).

PCLP CURS 2 59

C

..

P

,

.,

, .

PCLP CURS 2 60


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CLP CURS 1 11

III.3 E

E

()

(.. )

.

PCLP CURS 2 61

E

A

. .

A .

PCLP CURS 2 62

III.4 E

O .

A

( ).

A .

PCLP CURS 2 63

III.5

C , .

P ().

U

. D ,

, () .

PCLP CURS 2 64

T .

T , ( ) .

PCLP CURS 2 65

E 5 C

A 2 2 !

PCLP CURS 2 66


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CLP CURS 1 12

R

1. E

2. C1. P

2. C

3. E

4. E

5. T

PCLP CURS 2 67

I. DAE I INCININUCLEUL C

PCLP CURS 2 68

E

C , , .

V : , , , .

PCLP CURS 2 69

P ,

#include

main()

{

printf("hello, world\n");

}

PCLP CURS 2 70

O ,

.

U C, , .

PCLP CURS 2 71

main.

, main C main.

O main.

A main .

P , .

#include

P , #include

2.1

stdio.h ;

A C.

PCLP CURS 2 72


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CLP CURS 1 13

main()

O

, , .

P .

, main , ( ).

PCLP CURS 2 73 PCLP CURS 2 74

#include include biblioteca

standard stdio.h

main() definete o funcie numit

main care nu posedvalori

ale argumentelor{ instruciunile funciei

main sunt incluse ntre

paranteze acolad

printf("hello,world\n");main apeleazfuncia de

bibliotecprintfpentru a

afia secvena de

caractere specificat

ntre paranteze

} \n reprezintcaracterul

de trecere la o linie nou

I { }.

Fmain :

printf("hello, world\n");

O , .

Amain printf

"hello, world\n".printf (

) ,

,printf .

PCLP CURS 2 75

O , "hello, world\n", .

S \n C

(), .

PCLP CURS 2 76

I.1 AIABILE I EPEIIAIMEICE

PCLP CURS 2 77

F C

U

C=(5/9)(F32)

C :

,

,

,

,

.

PCLP CURS 2 78

0 -17

20 -6

40 4

60 15

80 26

100 37

120 48

140 60

160 71

180 82

200 93

220 104

240 115

260 126

280 137

300 148


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CLP CURS 1 14

#include

/* print Fahrenheit-Celsius table

for fahr = 0, 20, ..., 300 */

main()

{

int fahr, celsius;

int lower, upper, step;

lower = 0; /* lower limit of temperature scale */

upper = 300; /* upper limit */

step = 20; /* step size */

fahr = lower;

while (fahr


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CLP CURS 1 15

C while

F

,

:

while (fahr


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CLP CURS 1 16

PCLP CURS 2 91

afiare aliniatla stngan cazul folosirii

printf("%d\t%d\n", fahr, celsius);

0 -17

20 -6

40 4

60 15

80 26

100 37

...

PCLP CURS 2 92

afiare aliniatla dreaptan cazul folosirii

printf("%3d %6d\n", fahr, celsius);

0 -17

20 -6

40 4

60 15

80 26

100 37

...

%3d %6d\n", fahr, celsius

S , , .

V %d printf

. fahr

3 ,

celsius 6

PCLP CURS 2 93

O , , C .

, 0F C 17.8C, 17C .

P .

PCLP CURS 2 94

PCLP CURS 2 95

#include

main(){

lower = 0;

upper = 300;

step = 20;

fahr = lower;

while (fahr


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CLP CURS 1 17

printf("%3.0f %6.1f\n", fahr, celsius);

%3.0 : fahr

3, .

%6.1: celsius 6 1

6:

1:

PCLP CURS 2 97

U

%6: 6

%.2: 2 ,

%:

PCLP CURS 2 98

%d afieazun numrntregn baza 10

%6dafieazun numrntregn baza 10, ntr-un cmp de cel

puin 6 caractere lime

%f afieazun numr real virgulmobil

%6fafieazun numr real virgulmobil, ntr-un cmp de cel

puin 6 caractere lime

%.2fafieazun numr real virgulmobil, cu 2 caractere dup

punctul zecimal

%6.2fafieazun numr real virgulmobil, ntr-un cmp de cel

puin 6 caractere lime cu 2 caractere duppunctul zecimal%o pentru afiarea numerelor n baza 8

%x pentru afiarea numerelor n baza 16

%c pentru afiarea unui caracter

%s pentru afiarea irurilor

%% pentru afiarea caracterului % nsuiPCLP CURS 2 99

C for#include

/* print Fahrenheit-Celsius table */

main()

{

int fahr;

for (fahr = 0; fahr


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CLP CURS 1 18

PCLP CURS 2 103

2. P :

fahr


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CLP CURS 1 19

R ,

#include #define LOWER 0 /* lower limit of table */

#define UPPER 300 /* upper limit */

#define STEP 20 /* step size */

/* print Fahrenheit-Celsius table */

main()

{

int fahr;

for (fahr = LOWER; fahr


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CLP CURS 1 20

getchar putchar

Fputchar ()

:putchar(c);

c ,

.

A putcharprintf ;

.

PCLP CURS 2 115

I.2.1 COPIEEA FIIEELO

C getchar putchar, .

C :

C

C ( )

S

C

PCLP CURS 2 116

#include

/* copy input to output; 1st version */

main()

{

int c;

c = getchar();

while (c != EOF) {

putchar(c);

c = getchar();

}

}

PCLP CURS 2 117

!= .

/ (

). :A = 01000001

char ,

int

PCLP CURS 2 118

EOF:

P .

S getchar

,

.

EOF ( , ).

PCLP CURS 2 119

T c getchar.

N char c

EOF,

char.

P int.

PCLP CURS 2 120

EOF:


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CLP CURS 1 21

EOF:

EOF .

EOF, ^Z

PCLP CURS 2 121

P C

, :

c = getchar();

,

.

PCLP CURS 2 122

V

#include

/* copy input to output; 2nd version */

main()

{

int c;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)

putchar(c);

}

PCLP CURS 2 123

I while ,

c,

.

D , while .

A while .

C , while main.

PCLP CURS 2 124

P != =

P

(c = getchar())

.

P != =.

A != =.

PCLP CURS 2 125

A :

c = getchar() != EOF

:

c = (getchar() != EOF)

A c 0 1, getchar .

PCLP CURS 2 126


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CLP CURS 1 22

I.2.2 NMAEA CAACEELO

#include

/* count characters in input; 1st version */

main(){

long nc;

nc = 0;

while (getchar() != EOF)

++nc;

printf("%ld\n", nc);}

PCLP CURS 2 127

I ++nc;

++,

++nc

nc = nc + 1

++nc

1

PCLP CURS 2 128

I ++nc;

++ -

(++nc)

(nc++)

( )

++nc, nc++ nc.

PCLP CURS 2 129

P long int.

long 32 .

D , int long

, int 16 , 32767, int.

PCLP CURS 2 130

S %ld printf (nc)

long.

P , nc double(.. float ).

PCLP CURS 2 131

for while#include

/* count characters in input; 2nd version */

main()

{

double nc;

for (nc = 0; getchar() != EOF; ++nc)

;

printf("%.0f\n", nc);

}PCLP CURS 2 132


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CLP CURS 1 23

printf

%f float double;

%.0f

,

.

PCLP CURS 2 133

C for

for.

C for .

S :

C

S .

PCLP CURS 2 134

C :

while for getchar,

: .

U while for , .

PCLP CURS 2 135

I.2.3. NMAEA LINIILO#include

/* count lines in input */

main()

{

int c, nl;

nl = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)if (c == '\n')

++nl;

printf("%d\n", nl);}

PCLP CURS 2 136

(\n).

while if

C while if , , ++nl.

, if

( c == '\n')

, (

, ) .

PCLP CURS 2 137

O ==

== C .

S == :

(==)

(=).

PCLP CURS 2 138


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CLP CURS 1 24

C U

, .

A .

P 97 98 A 65

97, 98 65 , , A.

PCLP CURS 2 139

'\n' , 10 ACII.

'\n' :

10

PCLP CURS 2 140

I.2.4 NMAEA CINELO#include /* count lines, words, and characters in input */

#define IN 1 /* inside a word */

#define OUT 0 /* outside a word */

main()

{

int c, nl, nw, nc, state;

state = OUT;

nl = nw = nc = 0;

while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) {

++nc;

if (c == '\n')

++nl;

if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')state = OUT;

else if (state == OUT) {

state = IN;

++nw;}

}

printf("%d %d %d\n", nl, nw, nc);}

PCLP CURS 2 141

P (), () () .

P

, .

D , (++nw;).

Vstate , , , .

I,

state OUT.

P IN OUT 1 0 .

PCLP CURS 2 142

nl = nw = nc = 0;

L ,nw nc.

E .

E :

nl = (nw = (nc = 0));

PCLP CURS 2 143

O SAU : ||if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')

c c c .

&& I && ||.

&& || .

D c , ,

.PCLP CURS 2 144


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F if : ()

1

2 else

if .

if-else .

;

, .

F .

PCLP CURS 2 145

B

1 B K, D R,

, II, E. P H, 1988.2 D, P., D, H., , 6 , P

E I., U S R, N J, ISBN10:0136123562, ISBN13: 9780136123569, 2012 (7 . 2013).

3 J, K., K, L., ++ ++, E. T, B,2001, ISBN 973601911.

4 S, H., ++: , 4 , MGH/O, 2003, ISBN 0071502394 / 9780071502399.

PCLP CURS 2 146

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