Busuiocul (Ocimum basilicum)

Profesor coordonator: Conf. Mariana Albulescu Student: Teodora Centean

Cuprins1. Prezentarea plantei2. Compozitie chimica3. Compusi biologic activi vs. afectiuni4. Metode de izolare5. Metode de identificare6. Utilizare7. Bibliografie

1. Prezentarea plantei

Busuiocul (Ocimum basilicum) - planta din genul Ocimum, familia LamiaceaeTermenul de Ocimum basilicum provine din limba greaca: Ozo (miros) si basilikon (rege)Dimensiuni medii, miros puternic, catifelata la atingereFrunze in opozitie, simple, intregi si ovale, adesea dintate, intre 3-5 cm lungime, cu petiolul subtireFlori de 8-12 mm lungime in cercuri grupate de 6-10 floriCuloarea petalelor: alba, roz sau purpuriePar pe ambele parti ale frunzeiOriginar din regiunile calde Indo-Malaeziene, se gaseste in abundenta in regiunile tropicale ale subcontinentului Indo-PakistanCreste in habitate,cum ar fi pustiu si pe dealuri, dar si crescut in ghiveci datorita semnificatiei sale ornamentale si terapeuticePolenizare cu ajutorul insectelor

2. Compozitie chimica

Uleiuri esentiale:LinalolMetileugenol 1,8-cineaol EugenolEucaliptolEtc.

Alaturi de acestea,mai sunt:MonoterpenoideSesquiterpenoideMonoterpenoide oxigenateMentolEstragolLimonenSaponineTaninuriGlicozide cardiace

3. Compusi biologic activi vs. afectiuni

Actiune imunomodulatoare => crestere de anticorpi, datorata continutului in flavonoideActiune antioxidanta => efect de inhibare a peroxidrii extractelor de busuioc pe emulsie de acid linoleicActiune antihiperglicemica si antihipolipidemica=> reducere semnificativa de trigliceroli serici, reducere a nivelului de glucoza din sangeActiune antiherpes => inhibarea infectiei HSV-2Actiune antiinflamatoare => vindecarea inflamaiei induse de histamina si prostaglandine

Actiune asupra sistemului nervos central => protectie impotriva daunelor oxidative ale campului electromagnetic, activitate anticonvulsivaActiune antibacteriana => inhib creterea in vitro a E. coli, B. anthracis i P. AeruginosaActiune antituberculoza => inhiba cresterea in vitro a M. tuberculosis

Actiune antitoxica => impotriva efectelor deltametrinuluiActiune antimutagenica => linalolul si 1,8-cineolul inhiba mutagenezaActiune antifungica => inhiba cresterea in vitro a Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum si F. subglutinans Actiune contra insectelor si larvicida => impotriva vectorului malariei (Anopheles stephensi), larvelor de tantari, tantarului pradator (Anisops bouvieri) si alte tipuri de tantari

4. Metode de izolare

Hidrodistilarea frunzelor proaspeteExtractie cu metanolDistilare cu vapori la presiune redusaFractionare prin extractie cu lichid supercritic (SFE)

5. Metode de identificare

Analiza GC-MSAnaliza prin cromatografie de gazProcedura Folin-CiocalteuAnaliza HS-SPMEGCITMS

6. Utilizare

Lunga istorie de utilizare culinara i ca planta medicinalaActivitate antioxidant si neuroprotectoarePentru tratarea anxietatii, diabetului, boli cardiovasculare, dureri de cap, dureri ale nervilor, ca anticonvulsiv i anti-inflamator, i utilizat ntr-o varietate de boli neurodegenerativeImpotriva simptomelor unor boli ale sistemului respirator si tuberculozei

7. Bibliografie

[1]. B. Bernhardt , Gy. Fazekas , M. Lada nyi , K. Inotai , E. Zambori-Nemeth , J. Bernath , K. Szabo, Morphological-, chemical- and RAPD-PCR evaluation of eight different Ocimum basilicum L. gene bank accessions, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2014, I, 23-29[2]. M. Govindarajan, R. Sivakumar, M. Rajeswary, K. Yogalakshmi, Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Ocimum basilicum (L.) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae), Experimental Parasitology, 2013, 134, 7-11[3]. Snezana Filipa, Senka Vidovic, Dusan Adamovic, Zoran Zekovic , Fractionation of non-polar compounds of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), J. of Supercritical Fluids, 2014, 86, 85-90[4]. Kundan Singh Boraa, Shruti Arorab, Richa Shrib, Role of Ocimum basilicum L. in prevention of ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral damage, and motor dysfunctions in mice brain, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 137, 1360-1365[5]. Bina S.Siddiqui, Huma A.Bhatti, Sabira Begum, Sobiya Perwaiz, Evaluation of the antimycobacterium activity of the constituents from Ocimum basilicum against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012, 144, 220-222

[6]. Eva Klimankova, Katerina Holadova, Jana Hajslova, Tomas C ajka, Jan Poustka, Martin Koudela, Aroma profiles of five basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars grown under conventional and organic conditions, Food Chemistry, 2008, 107, 464472[7]. Seung-Joo Lee, Katumi Umano, Takayuki Shibamoto, Kwang-Geun Lee, Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties, Food Chemistry, 2015, 91, 131-137[8]. S. Khair-ul-Bariyah, D. Ahmed and M. Ikram, Ocimum Basilicum: A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies, Pak. J. Chem, 2012, 2, 78-85 [9]. Hossein Gholami Tilebeni, Review to Basil Medicinal Plant, International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 2011, 2 (1), 5-9[10]. P. Prakash, Neelu Gupta, THERAPEUTIC USES OF OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN (TULSI) WITH A NOTE ON EUGENOL AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS: A SHORT REVIEW, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2005, 49 (2) : 125131