beneficiile renuntarii la fumat

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    Beneficiile renunrii la fumat

    Potrivit specialitilor, intervalul scurs de la ultima igar fumat aduce dependentului de tutun becare acesta nu este ntotdeauna contient. Medicii spun c o parte dintre aceste beneficii sunconstatat chiar de ctre persoana care ia decizia s renune la acest viciu, la scurt timp dup ultima

    Mai jos putei regsi o serie de benefecii care apar odat cu stingerea ultimei igri.

    La 20 de minute de la inhalar ea ultimul fum de igar tensiunea arterial scade la valori normale .Acest fapt se poate verifica prin simpla msurare a tensiunii arteriale imediat dup o tigara i, apoi, 20 de minute.

    La 8 ore de la stingerea igrii nivelul de monoxid de carbon din snge se normalizeaz . nconsecin, nivelul de oxigen crete ajungnd la un nivel normal. Acest beneficiu este resimit de fifumtor n fiecare zi, dup cele 8 ore de somn.

    La 24 de ore de la inhalarea ultimului fum de igar riscul de accident vascular i de moarte subitscade . Dependena de tutun este recunoscut pentru predispoziia la afeciunile mai sus menionate.

    La 48 de ore de la renunarea la fumat gustul i mirosul se mbuntesc . Astfel, mncarea va avea ugust mai delicios i un miros mai apetisant. Mai mult, dup acest interval de timp, nivelul de nicotindin organism.

    La 72 de ore de la stingerea ultimei igri respiraia devine mai uoar, iar capacitatea pulmonarcrete . De asemenea, dup acest interval de timp, proasptul nefumator va simi c are mai mult entuburile bronhiale se relaxeaz.

    La 2- 3 sptmni de la renunarea la dependena de tutun circulaia sanguin se mbuntete .Mersul pe jos devine mai uor, iar funcia pulmonar crete cu pn la 30%. Dup zece sptmni dultima igar circulaia sngelui se mbuntete continuu. Dispare senzaia de "picioare grele", gle

    devin mai suple, anumite vene si capilare devin mai puin vizibile sub pielea de pe picioare. La 9 luni de la renunarea de la fumat tusea tabagic, oboseala i respiraia grea se amelioreaz .Organismul dispune de mai mult energie. n plus, la 9 luni de la renunarea la fumat crete rezistenorganismului la efort.

    La 1 an de la stingerea ultim ei igri riscul de boli cardiovasculare se reduce cu 50% , iar riscul unuiaccident vascular cerebral este la fel de mic ca n cazul unui nefumtor.

    La 5 ani de la fumarea ultimei igri riscul de cancer bucal, laringian sau de esofag se reduce cu50% . n plus, funcia cardiovascular poate fi comparat cu cea a unei persoane care nu a fumat nic

    La 10 ani de la stingerea ultimei igri riscul de cancer pulmonar scade cu 30 -50% .

    La 15 ani de la renunarea la acest viciu fostul fumtor poate fi considerat nefumtor din toatepunctele de vedere , riscul unui atac de cord ajungnd i el la limita statistic normala pentru persoanenu au fumat niciodat. Acelai lucru este valabil i n privina incidenei cancerului.

    How to stop drinking alcoholIf you've made the decision to stop drinking alcohol completely, for health reasons or otherwise, rea practical tips and advice.

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    There are lots of reasons why you might want to stop drinking alcohol. Some people need to stop da result of developing an alcohol related medical condition such as liver disease, or because they stamedication which reacts badly with alcohol. Others choose to do so for religious reasons, or simplymove towards a healthier lifestyle.

    If youre thinking about removing alcohol from your life, you should know that youre not alone. 15adults in Britain abstain from alcohol1, with 43% of those who abstain saying they used to drink alcohohave given up2.

    Whatever your reasons, this page gives lots of tips on how to stop drinking alcohol, details of the po benefits of not drinking, as well as information on the potential withdrawal symptoms you could exif you move from drinking heavily, to drinking no alcohol at all.Practical tips on giving up alcoholFirstly, if you think you have a serious drinking problem and are experiencing any of the associatedsymptoms, you should consult your doctor or another medical professional about it as soon as possible.There are also a number of national alcohol support services who you can go to for advice.Giving up completely isnteasy especially if youve been a heavy drinker in the past. The followingand techniques can make it that little bit easier.Make your intentions known

    Tell your family and friends that youre trying to stop drinking alcohol and explain why. This way, you canshare your successes with them, and theyll understand why youve started turning down drinks or tthe pub.Frequently reminding yourself and the people close to you why you want to stop drinking can help on track, and may even encourage someone else to give up or cut down with you.Avoid temptationIn the early stages, its a good idea to avoid situations where you may be tempted to drink. This couopting out of the weekly pub quiz for a while, or if you tend to drink when eating out, try going to rthat dont sell alcohol, or simply volunteering to drive. Similarly, try to identify the times when youusually drink and fill the gap with something else. So if you would usually head to the pub after woFriday evening, you could organise to meet friends at the cinema, or if youre giving up alcohol in p

    a new, healthier you, why not fill the gap with a weekly exercise class or a trip to the swimming pooyou wind down?Identifying your triggers is all the more important if youve tried and struggled to stop drinking inTry to identify why you were unsuccessful - did you still go to the pub most evenings? Did you expreasons for not drinking to your partner? Was alcohol still readily available at home?Give up or gradually reduce your drinking?If you want to stop drinking alcohol as part of a move towards a healthier lifestyle, cutting down onamount of alcohol you drink as opposed to giving up alcohol completely can help bring lots of heal benefits, and can be significantly easier to sustain. Reducing the amount you drink can also be a stestone to giving up alcohol completely in the future.Cutting down doesnt have to be complicated- if you currently drink every night, try designating a coup

    days a week as alcohol-free days. This can soon become habit, the personal challenge helping remove temptation and perhaps encouraging you to add more alcohol-free days.Our MyDrinkaware toolcan help you track the amount youre drinking in units, calories and hard cash, andalso lets you record days on which you drink nothing at all.You can read more tips for cutting down at home, or tips for cutting down when outon our site.Reward progressIts important that you acknowledge the fact that making changes to your lifestyle can be difficult and tyou reward yourself with something if you are making progress, and that you are not too hard on yoyou slip up every once in a while.An easy way to keep track of how youre doing andkeep your motivation up is to give yourself short tergoals. Perhaps you could aim firstly for an alcohol-free week, then an alcohol-free month, for exam

    https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/understand-your-drinking/is-your-drinking-a-problem/alcohol-support-services/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/unitcalculator#unitcalculatorhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/tips-to-cutting-down-at-home/quick-tips-to-cutting-downhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-when-out-and-about/tips-for-cutting-down-when-outhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-when-out-and-about/tips-for-cutting-down-when-outhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/tips-to-cutting-down-at-home/quick-tips-to-cutting-downhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/unitcalculator#unitcalculatorhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/understand-your-drinking/is-your-drinking-a-problem/alcohol-support-services/
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    If you tend to drink in front of the TV after work, try replacing that glass of wine with something elenjoy, or treat yourself to some new clothes or a day out with the money youre saving on alcohol. Enjoy the benefitsWhether youre cutting alcohol out of your life completely or cutting down gradually, you may notinumber of improvements to the way you look and feel. Among other things, you might find you haenergy, that youre sleeping better, or that youve lost a bit of weight. In the long term you will alsohelping to reduce your risk of developing cancer, liveror heart diseaseand could lower your blood pressure Potential withdrawal symptoms

    Going cold turkey or suddenly drinking noalcohol at all can cause serious withdrawal symptoms if yowere drinking heavily before the change.Dr Sarah Jarvis of Drinkawares Medical Advisory Panel points out that "psychological symptoms arecommon, and not just if you're a really heavy drinker. You can have short term problems even with low levels of alcohol consumption if you've become used to drinking reallyregularly . Psychologicalsymptoms can include irritability, poor concentration, feeling shaky, feeling tired, difficulty sleepindreams.Physical symptoms including trembling hands, sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, palpitations aof appetite are less common, but are often a sign that the sufferer was drinking at worrying levels. S physical side effects include convulsions, confusion, fever and even hallucinations. If you experien physical withdrawal symptoms of any kind, you should see your doctor as soon as possible.Your doctor may be able to prescribe medication that can help with the withdrawal symptoms, and wable to refer you to a specialist alcohol team for support. They can also offer counselling and psychsupport, and can put you in touch with local support groups to help you stay on track.Take a break from alcoholWe explore the benefits of having alcohol-free days.

    Building up tolerance Depending on drink See how you feel Help to cut down

    We all need a break every now and again. From our jobs. From our partners. From the miserable weBut if were used to having a drink to unwind every day, it can be difficult to take a break from alco

    We spoke to medical experts Dr Nick Sheron, a liver specialist from Southampton University, and PPaul Wallace, Drinkawares Chief Medical Advisor, to explore the benefits of introducing some drin-freetime to your week.Building up toleranceIf you drink regularly, your body starts to build up a tolerance to alcohol. This is one of the main reasons itimportant to consider taking regular breaks from drinking.Tolerance is a physiological response we have to any drug including alcohol, explains ProfessorWallace. The more you consume, the more your body gets used to it. R egular drinking induces certain enzymes in your liver that metabolise alcohol. If you drink heavweeks or months, levels of these enzymes will go up and your tolerance builds, explains Dr Sheron stop drinking completely, the enzyme levels go back down. As your tolerance builds up, you need to consume more alcohol to get the same effects. This can mend up drinking to levels that are harmful to your short and long-term health, putting you at risk a ra problems from heart disease to cancer. Taking a break from alcohol can have the effect of lowering resetting your tolerance, so that it becomes easier to cut back. Asall of our bodies respond slightlydifferently to alcohol, the amount of time it takes to develop tolerance, or to reset it, varies from per person.The benefit of having drinking days off is that your body doesnt become so accustomed to alcohndyoure likely to reverse a tendency towards tolerance, says Professor Wallace. Learn the signs of alcohol dependence

    https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-cancer/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-liver-disease/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-heart-disease/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-blood-pressure/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#buildingtolerancehttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#dependingondrinkhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#seehowyoufeelhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#helptocutdownhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/how-to-stop-drinking-alcoholhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/how-to-stop-drinking-alcoholhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/how-to-stop-drinking-alcoholhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependencehttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependencehttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/how-to-stop-drinking-alcoholhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/how-to-stop-drinking-alcoholhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#helptocutdownhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#seehowyoufeelhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#dependingondrinkhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/#buildingtolerancehttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-blood-pressure/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-heart-disease/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-liver-disease/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-cancer/
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    Depending on drinkTheres another issue to watch out for too: the potential to become dependent. The term alcoholdependence might conjure up images of someone whos putting away whole bottles of whisky or saround drunk every day. But there are varying degrees of alcohol dependence. If you drink every dadont have to be drinking to extreme levels to develop a dependence where you find it increasingly to do without alcohol.It may not be a full blown physical dependence, where if you dont have alcohol you get the shakProfessor Wallace. But you can become psychologically dependent. You may have reached this level if you cant settle down to a night in front of the TV without a bottwine chilling inthe fridge. Or if you fear an evening with the in laws because theres no time to havefirst. If you find that a day without alcohol becomes problematic, you could be psychologically dsays Professor Wallace.Dr Sheronsuggests that if youre continuously drinking without having days off, taking a break can important way to test how dependent on alcohol you might be. What better sign do you have thdrinking is out of control, than if you promised yourself youre going to cut it out for a few days and youdont or cant? he says. To tackle such dependency, Dr Sheron believes its important to interrupt your drinking cycle and tregular breaks from alcohol. That way you lower your risk of becoming psychologically or physically dependent on it.See how you feelRegular drinking, particularly when above the government's lower risk guidelines, can cause an upsetstomach, indigestion and headaches. You may well find these symptoms disappear on drinking dayAlcohol can disrupt your sleep too, so without it youre likely to wake up more refreshed. You may better in yourself, more alert and generally brighter without alcohol in your system. In the long term back on alcohol will lower your risk of serious diseases such as cancer, liver disease and stroke.Both Professor Wallace and Dr Sheron suggest giving alcohol-free days a go and seeing how you feel. you are drinking every day, test out having a break for yourself and see what positive results you nosays Professor Wallace.Help to cut downOur online tool MyDrinkaware, allows you to track the amount youre drinking and look at how it maaffecting your health.Tips for cutting down at homeIf you're in the routine of drinking a lot at home, try out these five simple cutting down ideas.1. Keep track of the alcohol units youre drinking The government advises that people should not regularly drink more than the lower risk guidelines units of alcohol for men (equivalent to a pint and a half of 4% beer) and 2-3 units of alcohol for wo(equivalent to a 175 ml glass of wine). Regularly means drinking every day or most days of the w Using our unit calculatorwill make the calculations easier or you can sign up to MyDrinkawareto track youdrinking over time.2. Know what youre buying

    A really easy way of cutting down on alcohol if youre a wine drinker is to buy small (125ml) glasseshouse rather than the large 250ml ones. Youre more likely to spread one 750ml bottle over a few dyoure not unwittingly pouring a third of it into one cavernous250ml glass.3. Home measuresIts worth buying an alcohol measure for when you next pour yourself a spirits-based drink at home. Therewill be no more guess work involved and youll be able to keep track of how much youre drinkingyour measures spot on will also ensure your favourite drinks taste exactly as they do when you ordethe bar. Try Drinkaware's unit measure cup4. Dinner only drinkingInstead of opening your whole evening up to drinking, why not just allocate dinner as the time you drink? This gives you a leisurely period of time to have a glass of wine or beer, which can then be f

    https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/mydrinkaware/dashboardhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/mydrinkaware/dashboardhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/understand-your-drinking/unit-calorie-calculator/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/https://resources.drinkaware.co.uk/unit-measure-cuphttps://resources.drinkaware.co.uk/unit-measure-cuphttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/understand-your-drinking/unit-calorie-calculator/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/mydrinkaware/dashboardhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/
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    up nicely with a healthy dessert or hot drink to accompany the evenings TV! Read more on dinner onlydrinking5. Get inventive with your wine!You might not see any harm in polishing off the last part of the bottle of wine youve been drinking, breality it could be what sends you over the daily unit guidelines. Its a myth that wine doesnt keep you just need a good bottle stop. Its also surprising the amount of things you can do with leftover wine the kitchen from freezing it for cooking to using older wine for vinaigrette! Read more on cooking with winTips for cutting down when outCutting down on alcohol doesn't mean you have to sacrifice your social life; try these out when youout.1. Beware of roundsDrinking in rounds may be a British tradition, but they can be expensive, dangerous if it means keewith the fastest drinker in your group and a nightmare if youre trying to cut down on alcohol. Stay (and save cash) by opting for smaller rounds with only a couple of friends within your group or givrounds a miss.2. Eat upAfter-the- pub grub is another drinking tradition, but why wait until the nights nearly over to load upfood? A healthy meal before you go out, and snacks between drinks can help to slow down the absoalcohol and so helps you stay in control. With less alcohol inside you that greasy pizza or kebab willot less appetising at chucking out time too.3. Track your drinking on the goIf youre out and about use our free and simple MyDrinkawaretool on your smartphone to track the alcohyoure drinking. It will help you stay within the government's lower risk guidelinesand stay on top of yournight out.4. Small is betterMake the lower risk guidelinesgo further by having bottles of beer or halves instead of pints and choosmaller glass for your wine. Buying spritzers or shandies will also help keep that unit count down.5. Make spaceSipping a soft drink between alcoholic drinks slows down the rate of your drinking and means you

    less over the course of the evening. If youre out clubbing, take a bottle of water out withyou on thedancefloor. Down the pub (or even at home)? Then go for a non-alcoholic mocktail, a premium softa glass of water.Alcohol Addiction Treatment & Self-HelpHow to Stop Drinking and Start Recovery

    Overcoming an addiction to alcohol can be a long and bumpy road. At times, it may even feel impoBut its not. If youre ready to stop drinking and willing to get the support you need, you can recovalcoholism and alcohol abuse no matter how bad the addiction or how powerless you feel. You dont havto wait until you hit rock bottom; you can make a change at any time. Read to get started on the roarecovery today.

    https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/dinner-only-drinking/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/dinner-only-drinking/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/dinner-only-drinking/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/great-ways-to-use-up-wine/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/http://www.helpguide.org/donation_page.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/donation_page.htmhttps://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/alcohol-unit-guidelines/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/great-ways-to-use-up-wine/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/dinner-only-drinking/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/cutting-down-at-home/dinner-only-drinking/
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    Announce your goal. Let friends, family members, and co-workers know that youre trying to stop drinkIf they drink, ask them to support your recovery by not doing so in front of you.

    Be upfront about your new limits. Make it clear that drinking will not be allowed in your home and tyou may not be able to attend events where alcohol is being served.

    Avoid bad influences. Distance yourself from people who dont support your efforts to stop drinkingrespect the limits youve set. This may mean giving up certain friends and social connections.

    Learn from the past. Reflect on previous attempts to stop drinking. What worked? What didnt? Whyou do differently this time to avoid pitfalls?Can I cut back on my drinking or do I need to stop drinking completely?Whether or not you can successfully cut back on your drinking depends on the severity of your drin problem.If youre an alcoholicwhich, by definition, means you arent able to control your drinkingits bto stop drinking entirely. But if youre not ready to take that step, or if you dont have an alcohol ab problem but want to cut back for personal or health reasons, the following tips adapted from the NaInstitute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism can help:

    Set a drinking goal. Choose a limit for how much you will drink. Make sure your limit is not more thdrink a day if youre a woman, or two drinks a day if youre a man. Now write your drinking goal oof paper. Put it where you can see it, such as on your refrigerator or bathroom mirror.

    Keep a "diary" of your drinking. To help you reach your goal, keep a "diary" of your drinking. Forexample, write down every time you have a drink for 1 week. Try to keep your diary for 3 or 4 weewill show you how much you drink and when. You may be surprised. How different is your goal froamount you drink now?

    Watch it at home. Keep a small amount or no alcohol at home. Don't keep temptations around. Drink slowly. When you drink, sip your drink slowly. Take a break of 1 hour between drinks. Drink

    water, or juice after a drink with alcohol. Do not drink on an empty stomach! Eat food when you ardrinking.

    Take a break from alcohol. Pick a day or two each week when you will not drink at all. Then, try to drinking for 1 week. Think about how you feel physically and emotionally on these days. When yoand feel better, you may find it easier to cut down for good.Alcohol treatment and recovery 3: Get sober safely

    Some people can stop drinking on their own, while others need medical supervision in order to withfrom alcohol safely and comfortably. Which option is best for you depends on how much youve bedrinking, how long youve had a problem, and other health issues you may have. Withdrawing from alcoholWhen you drink heavily and frequently, your body becomes physically dependent on alcohol and gthrough withdrawal if you suddenly stop drinking. The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal range fromsevere, and include:

    Headache Shaking Sweating Nausea or vomiting Anxiety and restlessness Stomach cramps and diarrhea Trouble sleeping or concentrating Elevated heart rate and blood pressure

    Alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually start within hours after you stop drinking, peak in a day or twimprove within five days. But in some alcoholics, withdrawal is not just unpleasant it can be lifethreatening.

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    Treatment should address more than just your alcohol abuse. Addiction affects your whole life,including your relationships, career, health, and psychological well-being. Treatment success depenexamining the way alcohol abuse has impacted you and developing a new way of living.

    Seek treatment for any other medical or psychological issues youre experienc ing. Alcohol abusefrequently goes hand in hand with other mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, attedeficit disorder, and bipolar disorder. In many cases, the drinking is an attempt to self-medicate. Wh problems co-occur, recovery depends on treating them both.

    Commitment and follow-through are key. Recovering from alcohol addiction is not a quick and easy process. In general, the longer and more intense the alcohol use, the longer and more intense the treyoull need. But regardless of the treatment programs length in weeks or months, long-term follow-up careis crucial to recovery.

    There are many places to turn for help. Not everybody requires medically supervised detox or an exstint in rehab. The level of care you need depends on your age, alcohol use history, and other medic psychiatric conditions. In addition to doctors and psychologists, many clergy members, social workcounselors offer addiction treatment services.Expect setbacksAlcohol recovery is a process one that often involves setbacks. Dont give up if you relapse or slip. Adrinking relapse doesnt mean youre a failure or that youll never be able to reach your goal. Each relapse is an opportunity to learn and recommit to so briety, so youll be less likely to relapse in the futur What to do if you slip:

    Get rid of the alcohol and get away from the setting where you lapsed Remind yourself that one drink or a brief lapse doesnt have to turn into a full-blown relapse Dontlet feelings of guilt, blame, or shame keep you from getting back on track Call your sponsor, counselor, or a supportive friend right away for help

    Next steps...

    Find an alcohol recovery support group. Support groups can be an invaluable source of guidance,assistance, and encouragement. Many use sponsors (former addicts who have time and experience rsober) to provide support when youre dealing with the urge to use. Read: Self-help Groups for AlcoholAddiction.

    Find the right alcohol treatment program. Many types of alcohol treatment programs are available.Quality programs not only address the alcohol abuse but also any other life problems that contributeaddiction. Read: Choosing an Alcohol Treatment Program.

    How to Cut Down on Your DrinkingNATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM

    NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

    How to Cut Down on Your Drinking If you are drinking too much, you can improve your life and health by cutting down. How do you kyou drink too much? Read these questions and answer "yes" or "no":

    http://www.helpguide.org/mental/dual_diagnosis.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/dual_diagnosis.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/dual_diagnosis.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/support_groups_alcohol.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/support_groups_alcohol.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/support_groups_alcohol.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/choosing_alcohol_rehab_treatment.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/choosing_alcohol_rehab_treatment.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/support_groups_alcohol.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/support_groups_alcohol.htmhttp://www.helpguide.org/mental/dual_diagnosis.htm
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    Do you drink alone when you feel angry or sad? Does your drinking ever make you late for work? Does your drinking worry your family? Do you ever drink after telling yourself you won't? Do you ever forget what you did while you were drinking? Do you get headaches or have a hang-over after you have been drinking?

    If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, you may have a drinking problem. Check with youto be sure. Your doctor will be able to tell you whether you should cut down or abstain.If you are alcoholicor have other medical problems, you should not just cut down on your drinking--you should stopdrinking completely. Your doctor will advise you about what is right for you. If your doctor tells you to cut down on your drinking, these steps can help you:1. Write your reasons for cutting down or stopping. Why do you want to drink less? There are many reasons why you may want to cut down or stop driYou may want to improve your health, sleep better, or get along better with your family or friends. Mlist of the reasons you want to drink less.2. Set a drinking goal. Choose a limit for how much you will drink. You may choose to cut down or not to drink at all. If ycutting down, keep below these limits:

    Women: No more than one drink a dayMen: No more than two drinks a dayA drink is:

    a 12-ounce bottle of beer; a 5-ounce glass of wine; or a 1 1/2-ounce shot of liquor.

    These limits may be too high for some people who have certain medical problems oare older. Talk with your doctor about the limit that is right for you.

    Now --write your drinking goal on a piece of paper. Put it where you can see it, such as on your refrior bathroom mirror. Your paper might look like this:

    My drinking goal I will start on this day ____________. I will not drink more than ______ drinks in 1 day.

    I will not drink more than ______ drinks in 1 week.or

    I will stop drinking alcohol.3. Keep a "diary" of your drinking. To help you reach your goal, keep a "diary" of your drinking. For example, write down every time ya drink for 1 week. Try to keep your diary for 3 or 4 weeks. This will show you how much you drinwhen. You may be surprised. How different is your goal from the amount you drink now? Use the "diary" below to write down when you drink.Week:

    # of drinks type of drinksplace

    consumed

    Mon.Tues.Wed.Thurs.

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    Fri.Sat.Sun.

    Week:

    # of drinks type of drinksplace

    consumedMon.Tues.Wed.Thurs.Fri.Sat.Sun.

    Week:

    # of drinks type of drinksplace

    consumed

    Mon.Tues.Wed.Thurs.Fri.Sat.Sun.

    Week:

    # of drinks type of drinksplace

    consumed

    Mon.Tues.

    Wed.Thurs.Fri.Sat.Sun.

    Now you know wh y you want to dr in k l ess and you have a goal. Th ere are many ways you can helpyour self to cut down. Try these tips:

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    Watch it at home. Keep a small amount or no alcohol at home. Don't keep temptations around.Drink slowly. When you drink, sip your drink slowly. Take a break of 1 hour between drinks. Drink soda, water, oafter a drink with alcohol. Do not drink on an empty stomach! Eat food when you are drinking.Take a break from alcohol. Pick a day or two each week when you will not drink at all. Then, try to stop drinking for 1 week. T

    about how you feel physically and emotionally on these days. When you succeed and better, you may find it easier to cut down for good.Learn how to say NO. You do not have to drink when other people drink. You do not have to take a drink thagiven to you. Practice ways to say no politely. For example, you can tell people you fe better when you drink less. Stay away from people who give you a hard time about nodrinking.Stay active .What would you like to do instead of drinking? Use the time and money spent on drindo something fun with your family or friends. Go out to eat, see a movie, or play sporgame.Get support. Cutting down on your drinking may be difficult at times. Ask your family and friendssupport to help you reach your goal. Talk to your doctor if you are having trouble cutting down. Ge

    you need to reach your goal.Watch out for temptations. Watch out for people, places, or times that make you drink, even if you do not want to. Stay away f people who drink a lot or bars where you used to go. Plan ahead of time what you will do to avoid dwhen you are tempted.

    Do not drink when you are angry or upset or have a bad day. These are habits you ne break if you want to drink less.DO NOT GIVE UP! Most people do not cut down or give up drinking all at once. Just like a diet, it is not

    change. That is okay. If you do not reach your goal the first time, try again. Remembsupport from people who care about you and want to help. Do not give up!Alcohol: Toxic or Tonic?

    For some people, drinking in moderation can be beneficial. But at higher levels, it's deadly. The health effects of alcohol have been debated for hundreds of years. The consensus today is that like many things in life, can be either beneficial or damaging depending on how it's used.After much investigation, researchers still share uncertainty about the benefits of alcohol, and wheth benefits from modest drinking can offset alcohols risks. Many researchers feel convinced that heart health benefits can be gained from mild to moderate alcdrinking, defined as 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men. (A "drink" equals 12 beer or wine cooler, 5 ounces of wine, or an ounce and a half of distilled spirits.)

    Some experts disagree, saying that alcohol has not been proven to improve heart health. These expethat much-discussed surveys suggesting a heart benefit from alcohol have fooled us.With heavier drinking, possible benefits are lost, and significant risks are present.When it comes to alcohol, women are at a disadvantage that has very little to do with body size: A pound woman is more likely to be damaged by alcohol than is a 140-pound man. That's because woabsorb alcohol much more efficiently after it is consumed. Women also have higher levels of the livenzyme that breaks down alcohol in the body, which allows them to metabolize alcohol about 20% than men. Although faster alcohol metabolism may seem to be an asset, it isn't a good thing. Much damage done to the body is caused not by alcohol itself but by acetaldehyde, a highly reactive bypralcohol metabolism. When alcohol is broken down quickly, as it is in women, more of this toxic che produced in less time, causing more damage.

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    Back to toHealth benefits, still debated The greatest potential health benefit of alcohol is its apparent ability to protect the arteries and the hStudies that observed the drinking patterns and heart health of very large groups of people have linkor moderate alcohol consumption to a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease. Similar reseaindicates that moderate alcohol use is linked with a lower risk of stroke.Scientists have identified several reasons that alcohol may have a beneficial effect. Four theories hasuggested: First, alcohol increases blood levels of the "good" HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholewhich clears plaque from the arteries. Second, alcohol affects the body's clotting mechanisms, decrelikelihood that a clot will block a blood vessel. Third, alcohol is linked to lower levels of C-reactivea substance that is linked to lower levels of inflammation in the bloodstream. Finally, some researchthat alcohol may have anti-oxidant effects that may prevent injury in blood vessels.Regardless of whether you drink beer, wine or spirits, the possible beneficial (and harmful) effects oare the same. However, there is some controversy about whether red wine has additional heart benestem from something other than its alcohol content. Red wine and red grape juice, for that matter hashigh levels of flavonoids, natural chemicals that act as antioxidants and may decrease the harmful e"bad" LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.

    Back to toHealth hazards Despite any social benefits and despite its potential heart health benefits, alcohol has dangers. Evenmoderate levels (just a drink or two per day), alcohol can cause serious problems:

    Drug interactions. Many drugs, like alcohol, are metabolized by the liver. Because the liver has limi processing capacity at any given time, these substances can compete with alcohol for prompt proceAdditionally, alcohol can block the function of selected enzymes (proteins) that line the intestine. Tenzymes are part of a system well-known to doctors as the "cytochrome P450" system and are respofor breaking down many medications and toxins. Alcohol, when consumed, may block the effects odrugs and augment the effects of others.

    Night blindness. Alcohol can decrease the retinas ability to adapt to low light. Accidents. Alcohol affects judgment and slows reflexes, which can lead to falls or to accidents invol

    vehicles or other machinery. Breast cancer. Even consuming just one drink per day may increase the risk of breast cancer in womWomen may be able to decrease their breast cancer risk by taking extra folic acid daily, because use

    vitamin was linked to a lower breast cancer rate among drinkers in one large survey.Heavy drinking can have additional health consequences. The quantity of alcohol that has been conheavy drinking has varied from one study to another. Most doctors currently consider "problem drin be regular consumption of more than 14 drinks per week (or more than 4 drinks in 1 day) if you areand more than 7 drinks per week (or more than 3 drinks in 1 day) if you are a woman.

    Liver disease. Alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are the two most common liver problems that result aconsequence of heavy drinking. Alcoholic hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, which ultimately c permanent damage if drinking continues. Cirrhosis occurs when damage to the liver is so severe thainterferes with blood flow and liver function.

    Cancers. In addition to breast cancer (which can result from mild to moderate alcohol use), heavy aluse can cause other cancers. Alcohol appears to be especially dangerous when it is combined with ssignificantly increasing the risk of cancer of the throat and esophagus. The risk of liver cancer increalcoholics who have hepatitis or cirrhosis.

    Hypertension and stroke. Heavy drinking leads to high blood pressure, which increases the risk of st Heart problems. Alcoholism can cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure. If this happens, the heart e

    weakens and ultimately loses its ability to pump effectively. Consuming very large quantities of alccause sudden death from heart arrhythmias.

    Pancreatitis. Overuse of alcohol can result in recurrent attacks of severe pain caused by inflammatio pancreas, the organ that makes enzymes for digestion and the hormone insulin. Continued alcohol u permanently damage the pancreas, leading to malnutrition and diabetes.

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    Gastrointestinal symptoms. Alcohol can cause a wide range of common, uncomfortable but reversib problems, including gastritis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach), diarrhea and weight loss. interrelated problems are all due to the effects that alcohol has on the lining of the stomach, as well impairment of intestinal enzymes and transport systems.

    Anemia and low platelets. Alcohol limits the productivity of your bone marrow, so you can have a lohematocrit (anemia) or a low platelet count. A low platelet count makes you more susceptible to ble bruising.

    Insomnia. After a heavy alcohol exposure wears off, your brain may become overstimulated in recoThis is an early symptom of alcohol withdrawal. Fractures and osteoporosis. In addition to causing thinned bones, alcohol can lead to falls. Both of thevents make a drinker more likely to get a fractured hip or other bone injury.

    Dementia. Continued alcohol exposure causes steady injury to brain cells. It is a major cause of dem Reproductive effects. People who drink heavily may become infertile. In men, alcohol lowers sperm

    and can cause impotence. In women, alcohol can cause hormonal changes that can result in irregulamenstruation and infertility.Adults who choose to drink should remember that the health benefits come only from low to moderconsumption. For those who don't drink, most experts don't recommend starting. The risk of alcohoreal, (see When Enough Is Enough) and the only way to avoid developing that disease is never to startdrinking in the first place.Alcohol: When Enough Is Enough

    Learn how to recognize a drinking problem and where to turn for help. Not all alcohol abusers look or act alike. Nor do they start on the road to alcoholism the same way othe same set of problems. What they have in common is that they are all, in some way, damaging thThere are many ways to be diagnosed as being alcohol dependent. Alcohol abusers often show at lethese danger signs:

    Tolerance The need to drink increasingly greater amounts to get the same effects of pleasure (thehigh or "buzz") or noticeable disability ("I can hold my liquor.").

    Withdrawal Symptoms, ranging from mild hangovers with nausea and headache to severe shakindevelop soon after drinking stops and can continue for several days.

    Loss of control Showing an inability to control drinking behavior or having obsessive thoughts abdrinking. Concern by others Problems reported by coworkers or friends. Health, family and legal problems Examples include repeated injuries, driving citations and chron

    lateness.Someone who abuses alcohol is not necessarily disabled. Many alcoholics are high achievers who wevery day. It isn't always easy to detect an alcohol abuser by how much or how often the person driamong company or by how intoxicated he or she seems to be.Risk Factors And Resources According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, about 18 million Americansmuch alcohol. The likelihood of developing a drinking problem depends on several factors:

    Psychiatric disorders. Anxiety or depression may make a person more vulnerable to addiction. Family history. Alcoholism often has a genetic basis, causing people with parents or siblings who haalcohol addiction to have a risk of alcoholism that is three or four times the usual risk. People who hfamily history of alcoholism but are adopted to other families still have high rates of alcoholism

    Age. If a person gets intoxicated for the first time at a young age, this person will have a higher risk developing alcoholism.Despite the tremendous power of alcohol addiction, many people do achieve recovery and long-termstability. If you or someone you know has a problem with alcohol, don't wait, seek help today. You want to start with a call to your family doctor. He or she can give you a medical evaluation and treainformation and refer you to community services that can help. Or you can contact your state agenc

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    responsible for overseeing alcohol and drug treatment programs. The recovery program with the mohistory of success, Alcoholics Anonymous, meets in many towns and communities across the countAlcohol And Gastrointestinal Disease

    Alcohol And Disease

    Liver Disease

    Cancers of the GI Tract

    Gastritis and HeartburnPancreatitis Nutritional Concerns

    Health information on alcohol can be confusing. Studies have suggested that moderate drinking maheart disease. But this is balanced by the many potential health problems of over use.Theamount of alcohol consumed is the most important factor. All researchers agree that any health bfrom alcohol are derived only from low to moderate use, usually defined as no more than one drinkfor non-pregnant women and two drinks per day for men. (One drink is equal to 12 oz of beer, 4 to wine, or 1 oz of hard liquor.) These are the maximum amounts considered generally safe, but since affects individuals differently, your personal "safe" amount may be lower, depending on your genetweight and health problems, addiction tendencies and medications.The negative effects of alcohol can be made worse if you use tobacco. For certain gastrointestinal-trcancers, the combination of tobacco use and alcohol appears to be particularly dangerous. The risk esophageal and laryngeal cancer for someone who uses tobacco and drinks alcohol is greater than y predict if you just added the two risk factors together. Instead, each of these two habits magnifies thcaused by the other.As far as your GI tract is concerned, there are many potential hazards to drinking alcohol:

    Back to toLiver DiseaseThe liver acts as a filter and waste-treatment plant for many substances that pass through the body. place where drugs or alcohol are metabolized, or broken down. The liver has a high-risk job; in the of breaking down different substances it can sometimes create harmful chemicals and can be injuredthis exposure. When alcohol is consumed in small amounts by people with normal livers, it is easily processed and metabolized. However, alcohol consumed in large amounts can generate toxic byprois broken down. These toxins can accumulate and damage the liver.Alcohol consumed in large amounts is one substance that can generate toxic byproducts as it is brokand these toxins can accumulate and damage the liver. Alcohol consumption also interferes with the breakdown of certain medications within your body, so usual doses of these medicines can becomeAn important example of this is the use of acetaminophen (Tylenol). Acetaminophen must be adjusmodest doses in order to account for alcohol exposure; otherwise, a portion of the medicine can be to a highly toxic chemical before it is cleared from the body. The more alcohol you consume, the grlikelihood that your liver will experience damage as it processes the alcohol.Ongoing damage within the liver can cause alcoholic hepatitis inflammation of liver tissue with orwithout symptoms of nausea and vomiting and yellowing of the skin and eyes. Harm from alcoholalternatively may result in fatty liver, a deposit of fat tissue within the liver that usually causes no sy but can progress to cause serious liver scarring (cirrhosis). Damage done by alcohol is reversible ondrinking is stopped at an early stage. The liver has the ability to regenerate to some degree, but oncedamage causes scarring and cirrhosis of the liver, it is irreversible. Cirrhosis can ultimately lead to lfailure, which is fatal unless a liver transplant can be performed.

    Back to toCancers of the GI TractAlcohol has been called a co-carcinogen because it works in conjunction with tobacco use to multipfor certain cancers. If a person who uses tobacco also drinks, the chances that mouth or esophageal will develop are increased. In fact, over 80% of squamous cell cancers of the mouth and esophagus

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    as pharynx and larynx) can be accounted for by tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Liver damagheavy drinking also can increase the risk of liver cancer.

    Back to toGastritis and Heartburn (GERD)Alcohol can result in generalized, painful irritation of the stomach lining, called gastritis. When yousome alcohol is absorbed almost immediately through the lining of the stomach which is why drinking oan empty stomach will affect you more than drinking after a meal.Alcohol weakens or relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscular ring at the entrance to thethat is normally closed except during burps and swallows. Heartburncan develop when the loosened loweesophageal sphincter allows acidic stomach contents to flow upwards into the esophagus, irritating damaging the lining.

    Back to toPancreatitisAlcohol can create inflammation within the pancreas, called pancreatitis.This organ manufactures digestiv juices. When it becomes inflamed, the pancreas can unleash a collection of enzymes that are capabldigesting not just food but also human tissue, causing additional pain and inflammation. Because it cascade of inflammation, pancreatitis always has the potential to become very severe and life threat

    Back to toNutritional Concerns

    Alcohol consumption can distract a person from regular meals, and it can take away an appetite fornourishing foods. Irritation of the intestine from alcohol reduces the ability of your intestine to absonutrients and vitamins. For all these reasons, heavy drinkers often lack adequate supplies of essentiavitamins and minerals, such as folate, thiamine, magnesium, and phosphate.CirrhosisWhat Is It?SymptomsDiagnosisExpected DurationPrevention

    TreatmentWhen to Call a ProfessionalPrognosisAdditional Info

    What Is It? No body organ performs a wider variety of essential jobs than the liver. It:

    Produces essential proteins that help blood to clot Removes or neutralizes poisons, drugs and alcohol Manufactures bile that helps the body to absorb fats and cholesterol Helps to maintain normal blood sugar levels Regulates several hormones

    Cirrhosis is a disease in which normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue, which interferes with aimportant functions. In extreme cases, the damage is so severe that the only solution is a liver transpCirrhosis has many causes. In the United States and Europe, the most common causes are excessiveuse and chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus.Alcohol has a toxic effect on liver cells. Alcoholic cirrhosis tends to develop after a decade or moredrinking, although it is possible for "social drinkers" to have cirrhosis. It is not known why some pemore prone to adverse reactions than others, but women are at greater risk of cirrhosis, even when tless alcohol than men.Chronic hepatitis C causes inflammation of the liver that eventually can lead to cirrhosis. Without trabout one out of every five people with chronic hepatitis C develops cirrhosis after 20 years.Chronic hepatitis B, which causes damage in a similar way, is another common cause of cirrhosis inworld. But it is less common in industrialized countries because of routine vaccination against hepaMore recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become a more common cause of cirrhosis. Docit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fat deposition in the liver leads to inflammation, which canto scarring.

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    Rarer causes of cirrhosis include: Autoimmune diseases that attack the bile ducts or liver cells Severe reactions to prescription drugs Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins Infections from bacteria and parasites usually found in the tropics or Asia Repeated episodes of heart failure with liver congestion. Certain inherited diseases, including: Hemochromatosis, in which too much iron builds up in the liver and other organs Wilson's disease, which produces abnormal concentrations of copper Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, which is the absence of a particular enzyme in the liver

    Symptoms In its early stages, cirrhosis often has no symptoms. But as liver cells die, the organ makes less of th proteins that regulate fluid retention and blood clotting and loses its ability to metabolize the pigme bilirubin. This causes symptoms and complications that include:

    Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Weakness Weight loss Fluid accumulation in the legs (edema) and abdomen (ascites) Increased bleeding and bruising Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes Itching Confusion

    As damage increases, the liver fails to detoxify the blood and becomes less able to metabolize manymedications, which magnifies their effects. Eventually, toxins build up in the brain. These changes c produce:

    Increased sensitivity to drugs Personality and behavioral changes, including confusion, neglect of appearance, forgetfulness, trou

    concentrating and changes in sleep habits Loss of consciousness Coma

    Scarring also impedes blood flow and increases pressure in the portal vein, which moves blood fromstomach to the liver. This condition is called portal hypertension. Blood vessels in the stomach andesophagus swell, and the body creates new ones in an attempt to bypass the liver. These vessels, calvarices, have thin walls. If one bursts, the resulting hemorrhage (major bleeding) can cause death whours if not treated.Diagnosis Your doctor will ask about your medical history, family history of liver disease, diet, alcohol consummedications you are taking, and risk factors for hepatitis B and C, such as intravenous drug use. Du physical examination, the doctor determines whether the liver feels harder or larger than normal, loo

    skin changes such as bruising and jaundice, and looks for evidence of fluid swelling in the legs or aBlood tests may be ordered to look for evidence of liver inflammation, an elevated bilirubin level, aof toxins (such as ammonia) and reduced levels of essential substances made by the liver.Two of the blood tests that indicate a poor prognosis in people with cirrhosis are a low albumin levehigh INR (adjusted Pro-Time). The high INR indicates the person's liver cannot make the normal amclotting proteins.The liver may be viewed using ultrasound or a computerized tomography (CT) scan,or other imagingtechnique.Cirrhosis can usually be diagnosed based on the history, physical exam, blood test results and imagiSometimes a liver biopsy is needed. A tiny sample of liver tissue is removed through a needle and texamined for scarring and damage to cells.

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    Expected Duration Cirrhosis is usually a progressive disease. Although it usually cannot be reversed, the liver damage halted or slowed down with treatment or changes in behavior in many cases.Prevention The most important step you can take to prevent cirrhosis is to avoid excessive drinking. It is best toconsume an average of no more than two alcoholic drinks a day for men or one drink a day for womyou have chronic hepatitis or other liver problems, avoid alcohol completely.Some other causes of cirrhosis can be prevented. To avoid infection with hepatitis B and C, do not iillegal drugs, snort cocaine, or have unprotected sex, especially with multiple partners. If you are co body piercing or tattooing, make sure that the equipment is cleaned properly. Health care and emergworkers should follow infection control precautions carefully whenever they are exposed to blood.Hepatitis B also can be prevented with a vaccine, a series of three shots that is 90% effective.By preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, you prevent the small risk of developing cirrhosis. Tmeans maintaining a healthy weight and getting plenty of exercise.Treatment Treatment for cirrhosis varies depending on the cause and stage of the disease. Because liver damagcannot be reversed, the aim of all treatment is to keep the disease from getting worse and to reducecomplications.Regardless of the cause, anyone with cirrhosis should abstain from alcohol and use caution in takinmedications that can make liver disease worse, including over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol generic types). You also will be treated for underlying diseases -- for example, antiviral medicationschronic hepatitis B or C, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant medications for autoimmune hand phlebotomy, which is the periodic removal of a pint of blood -- to reduce iron levels inhemochromatosis.Much of the treatment is directed at complications.

    Your doctor may recommend a low-sodium diet and diuretics if you are retaining excess fluid in yo Lactulose or other medication will be prescribed if you have confusion caused by hepatic encephalo

    Lactulose is a laxative that decreases the absorption of certain substances toxic to the brain. Medications can be prescribed for itching and infections. Blood pressure medicines may help to lower pressure in the portal veins to decrease the risk of inter

    bleeding.Bleeding varices pose an immediate, life threatening hazard. To prevent them from bleeding, doctorgastroenterologists do endoscopy to find the varices and treat them. The varices can be injected witsolution to shrink them or they can be sealed with bands. The same procedure is done when varicesactively bleeding. Intravenous and oral drugs are also given to reduce bleeding.The person may also need a procedure called transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). involves creating a new blood channel in the liver that relieves some of the high portal pressure. Wi portal pressure, there is less bulging of the varices. And new varices are less likely to form.If liver function becomes too impaired from cirrhosis, a transplant is the only treatment. Approximato 90% of patients survive liver transplantation, and long-term survival rates have improved becaussuch as cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) that suppress the immune system to keep it from attack

    new liver.When to Call a Professional If you have any risk factors for liver disease, make an appointment with your doctor. Cirrhosis can o prevented if action is taken early enough.If you have cirrhosis, get immediate medical attention for:

    Vomiting blood Black, tarry stools High fever Abdominal pain Confusion

    Prognosis

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    Treatment leads to improvement in most cases when the disease is discovered in its earlier stages. M patients are able to live a normal life for many years. The outlook is less favorable if liver damage iextensive or if someone with cirrhosis does not stop drinking. People with cirrhosis usually die of bthat can't be stopped, serious infections or kidney failure. They often enter irreversible coma in theirdays.Additional Info National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney DisordersOffice of Communications and Public LiaisonBuilding 31, Room 9A0631 Center Drive, MSC 2560Bethesda, MD 20892-2560Phone: 301-496-3583http://www.niddk.nih.gov/American Liver Foundation 75 Maiden LaneSuite 603 New York, NY 10038Phone: 212-668-1000Fax: 212-483-8179http://www.liverfoundation.org/Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism)What Is It?SymptomsDiagnosisExpected DurationPrevention

    TreatmentWhen To Call a ProfessionalPrognosisAdditional Info

    What Is It? Alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is the most severe type of drinking problem. There is no absoluteof drinks per day or quantity of alcohol that defines alcoholism, but experts have defined a limit abothe risks of drinking increase significantly.Here are some defining characteristics of alcohol dependence:

    Tolerance -- The need to drink more and more alcohol to feel the same effects, or the ability to drinkthan other people without getting drunk.

    Withdrawal symptoms -- After stopping or cutting back on drinking, symptoms are anxiety, sweatintrembling, trouble sleeping, nausea or vomiting, and, in severe cases, physical seizures and hallucin

    Desire to stop drinking, but inability to do so. Loss of control over the amount of alcohol consumed. Preoccupation with drinking. Paying less attention to other life activities. Ignoring problems, sometimes very obvious ones.

    A person with alcohol dependence has come to rely on alcohol physically, psychologically and emoThe brain adapts to the presence of alcohol and undergoes persistent changes. When alcohol use sustops, the body's accustomed internal environment changes drastically, causing symptoms of withdrAlcoholism can be linked to many psychological, interpersonal, social, economic and medical probAlcoholism can increase the risk of depression and suicide and play a role in violent crimes, includihomicide and domestic violence (abuse of a spouse or child). It can lead to traffic accidents and eveaccidents involving intoxicated pedestrians who decide to walk home after drinking. Alcoholism allead to unsafe sexual behavior, resulting in accidental pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.Alcohol dependence increases the risk of liver disease (hepatitis and cirrhosis), heart disease, stoma brain damage, stroke and other health problems. In pregnant women who drink alcohol, there is als

    http://www.niddk.nih.gov/http://www.liverfoundation.org/http://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#whathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#symptomshttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#diagnosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#durationhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#preventhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#treathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#whenhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#prognosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#infohttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#infohttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#prognosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#whenhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#treathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#preventhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#durationhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#diagnosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#symptomshttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-dependence-alcoholism#whathttp://www.liverfoundation.org/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/
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    As a screening test, the single question about drinking patterns is as good as slightly more detailed oas the CAGE test. CAGE questions may be easier for concerned family members and friends to askthey may hesitate to ask direct questions about quantity.The word "CAGE" is a device for remembering the questions (see the highlighted words):

    Do you worry that you might need toCUT down on drinking? Do you feelANNOYED because other people have criticized your drinking? Do you feelGUILTY about drinking? Do you need a morningEYE OPENER drink to steady your nerves or to fight a hangover?

    Another screening questionnaire used by physicians is the 10-question AUDIT (Alcohol Use DisordIdentification Test) developed by the World Health Organization.Doctors often also ask whether a person has alcohol-related problems at work, at home or with the las getting into fights or driving while intoxicated. The doctor may ask about physical symptoms ofalcoholism. As embarrassing as the answers may be, the doctor should view drinking problems as aunderstandable human predicament and not a reason for their patients to feel ashamed.A physical examination can reveal signs of poor nutrition and alcohol-related liver or nerve damagetests can check for anemia, vitamin deficiencies and abnormal levels of liver chemicals.The NIAAA has a very helpful set of resources for the general public and for clinicians. They are alavailable online at www.niaaa.nih.gov. Expected Duration For most people who have alcohol dependence, the first alcohol-related life problems usually appeamid-20s to early 40s. Left untreated, alcoholism often persists and gets worse over time. Up to 30% people with alcohol dependence do manage to abstain from alcohol or control their drinking withoutreatment. On the other hand, the illness can be fatal -- there are approximately 100,000 alcohol-reladeaths per year in the United States.Prevention There is no absolute way to prevent alcoholism. Screening is important, because early detection andtreatment can prevent dangerous complications.Treatment Only a minority of people with drinking problems are able to cut down and drink "in moderation." Moften, once a person has lost control of his or her drinking, the safest approach is usually to stop dri

    alcohol completely.The first step in this process is recognizing the problem. The well-known phenomenon of denial, wcommon part of the illness, often turns the illness into a chronic one. Unfortunately, the longer the il persists, the harder it is to treat.A doctor or substance abuse expert may be able to help a person look at the consequences of drinkinonjudgmental approach to the discussion is essential. If an individual is beginning to think about aa problem worth trying to solve, educational groups may provide support for weighing the pros anddrinking.It is never easy for family members and friends to identify the problem. A professional may have toloved ones -- kindly, but firmly -- talk to the drinker about the painful impact drinking has on them.Once an individual commits to stopping drinking, the physician will look for and treat withdrawal s

    Depending on the amount and duration of drinking and any symptoms, detoxification (often simply"detox") from alcohol can be done as an outpatient, or as an inpatient in a hospital or drug treatmenDuring the withdrawal process, the doctor may prescribe a class of antianxiety drugs called benzodifor a short period in order to reduce withdrawal symptoms.After weaning from alcohol, medication in some cases can help reduce cravings. Two medications tthis category are naltrexone (ReVia) and acamprosate (Campral). As an alternative, sometimes the ddisulfiram (Antabuse) may be prescribed. Disulfiram does not reduce craving, but it creates an inceto drink, because drinking alcohol while taking it causes nausea and vomiting. A drug called topiram(Topamax), which is used to treat seizures and migraine headaches, may diminish the reinforcing efalcohol, but it is not yet approved for this use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Also no

    http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/
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    approved by the FDA, there is limited evidence that baclofen (Lioresal), a drug used to treat musclespasticity, could help people quit alcohol use.After detoxification, many people with alcohol disorders need some form of long-term support or cto remain sober. Recovery programs focus on teaching a person with alcoholism about the disease, and ways to cope with life's usual stresses without turning to alcohol. Psychotherapy may help a peunderstand the influences that trigger drinking. Many patients benefit from self-help groups such asAlcoholics Anonymous (AA), Rational Recovery or SMART (Self Management and Recovery TraiIt is very important to treat any other problems, such as depression or anxiety, which may contributrisk of drinking.If the doctor suspects that alcohol-related damage to the liver, stomach or other organs, additional te be necessary. A healthy diet with vitamin supplements, especially B vitamins, is helpful.When to Call a Professional Call your doctor whenever you or someone you love has an alcohol-related problem. Remember, alis not a sign of weakness or poor character. It is an illness that can be treated. The sooner treatment the easier alcoholism is to treat.Prognosis About 30% of alcoholics are able to abstain from alcohol permanently without the help of formal tror a self-help program. For the rest, the course of the illness is very varied. Some people will go thr periods where they remain sober, but then relapse. Others have a hard time sustaining any period ofIt is clear, however, that the more sober days you have, the greater the chance that you will remain sAnother motivating fact -- remaining sober can increase life expectancy by 15 or more years.Alcohol WithdrawalWhat Is It?SymptomsDiagnosisExpected DurationPrevention

    TreatmentWhen to Call a ProfessionalPrognosisAdditional Info

    What Is It? Alcohol withdrawal is the changes the body goes through when a person suddenly stops drinking a prolonged and heavy alcohol use. Symptoms include trembling (shakes), insomnia, anxiety and oth physical and mental symptoms.Alcohol has a slowing effect (also called a sedating effect or depressant effect) on the brain. In a heaterm drinker, the brain is almost continually exposed to the depressant effect of alcohol. Over time, adjusts its own chemistry to compensate for the effect of the alcohol. It does this by producing naturstimulating chemicals (such as serotonin or norepinephrine, which is a relative of adrenaline) in largquantities than normal. If the alcohol is withdrawn suddenly, the brain is like an accelerated vehiclelost its brakes. Not surprisingly, most symptoms of withdrawal are symptoms that occur when the boverstimulated.The most dangerous form of alcohol withdrawal occurs in about 1 out of every 20 people who havewithdrawal symptoms. This condition is called delirium tremens (also called DTs). In delirium trem brain is not able to smoothly readjust its chemistry after alcohol is stopped. This creates a state of teconfusion and leads to dangerous changes in the way your brain regulates your circulation and breaThe body's vital signs such as your heart rate or blood pressure can change dramatically or unprediccreating a risk of heart attack, stroke or death.Symptoms If your brain has adjusted to your heavy drinking habits, it takes time for your brain to adjust back. withdrawal symptoms occur in a predictable pattern after your last alcohol drink. Not all symptomsin all patients:

    Tremors (shakes). These usually begin within 5 to 10 hours after the last alcohol drink and typically24 to 48 hours. Along with tremors (trembling), you can have a rapid pulse, an increase in blood pr

    http://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#whathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#symptomshttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#diagnosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#durationhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#preventhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#treathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#whenhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#prognosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#infohttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#infohttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#prognosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#whenhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#treathttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#preventhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#durationhttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#diagnosishttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#symptomshttp://www.intelihealth.com/article/alcohol-withdrawal#what
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    If you have an alcohol dependency problem and have decided to stop drinking, call your doctor forYour doctor can advise you and can prescribe medicines to make withdrawal symptoms more tolerathey occur. Your doctor can also put you in touch with local resources that will help you to stay alcoPrognosis Alcohol withdrawal is common, but delirium tremens only occurs in 5% of people who have alcohowithdrawal. Delirium tremens is dangerous, killing as many as 1 out of every 20 people who develosymptoms.After withdrawal is complete, it is essential that you not begin drinking again. Alcohol treatment prare important because they improve your chances of successfully staying off of alcohol. Only aboutalcoholics are able to abstain from alcohol permanently without the help of formal treatment or self programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Of people who attend AA, 44% of those who remaalcohol for 1 year probably will remain abstinent for another year. This figure increases to 91% for who have remained abstinent and have attended AA for 5 years or more.On average, an alcoholic who doesn't stop drinking can expect to decrease his or her life expectancyleast 15 years.Additional Info National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) 5635 Fishers LaneMSC 9304Bethesda, MD 20892-9304Phone: 301-443-3860http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information P.O. Box 2345Rockville, MD 20847-2345Phone: 301-770-5800Toll-Free: 1-800-729-6686Fax: 301-468-7394TDD: 1-800-487-4889http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/Alcoholics Anonymous World ServicesP.O. Box 459 New York, NY 10163Phone: 212-870-3400http://www.alcoholicsanonymous.net/Al-Anon/Alateen Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters, Inc.1600 Corporate Landing ParkwayVirginia Beach, VA 23454-5617Phone: 757-563-1600Fax: 757-563-1655

    http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/10 Tips to Stop Drinking Alcohol

    http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/http://www.alcoholicsanonymous.net/http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/http://www.alcoholicsanonymous.net/http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/
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    Tip #6: DO start exercising again. A moderate exercise program can and will make a dramatic diffehow you look and feel. Strive for 3 or more aerobic workouts per week to start out, lasting at least 2minutes each. You can break that up into 2 ten-minute sessions if youd like. Add 2 (but no more than 3weight resistance workouts per week when you feel capable. Its really quite amazing that when yofeelhealthy and strong you ALSO start to feel genuinely happy with your life. Ironically enough, the Mexercise the LESS desire you have for alcohol.Tip #7: DO remember the heartache that alcohol abuse has caused in your life. Im not saying to dwell onyour mistakes, or to let what happened in your past ruin your present. But I cant stress enough theimportance of remembering the bad times caused by alcohol, because this will help you to develop resolve to never go down that road again. Learn from your own mistakes, and vow to yourself to nealcoholism ruin your life. Please read The Secret to Sobriety. Tip #8: DO recognize that a sugar addiction often leads into an alcohol addiction. If you have an adsugar your body is getting it from a variety of sources, including alcohol. So, what you THINK is atemptation to drink alcohol is OFTEN just your body craving sugar. When you cut sugar and sweet

    your diet you will soon find that your cravings for alcohol have also been dramatically reduced.Tip #9: DO recognize the wonderful miracle of pure, drinking water. Get in the habit of drinking at glasses of clean water each day as your body desperately needs water for almost every action it takecan survive for weeks without food, but only a couple of days without water. Remember, only WATwater. Coffee, tea, soda, juice, etc, does NOT count. Plus, what many people think is desire to drinkis instead simply their bodies craving water. Drinking plenty of water will REDUCE your desire forTip #10: DO be thankful for the many blessings that you already have. Your Creator hasalready given you so many blessings in your life, and also has so many good things left for you to enjoy. It was only thalcohol-induced stupor that prevented you from clearly seeing your blessings before. The more you

    from your past alcohol abuse, the more your mindwill begin to clear and you will start to appreciate that you have been given, and all that you can still do with your life. When you become truly thankwhat youalready have you then open the door to receive even more blessings in the future.Bonus Tip: Inside of you is a BETTER you that just cant wait to come out! Remove the alcohol frolife, let your better self shine, and youll soon be able to show the world all the love, talent, humor, compassion that was hidden inside.If you regularly drink more than the recommended limits, try these simple tips to help you cut down. The NHS recommends:

    Men should not regularly drink more than 3-4 units of alcohol a day Women should not regularly drink more than 2-3 units a day If you've had a heavy drinking session, avoid alcohol for 48 hours

    "Regularly" means drinking this amount every day or most days of the week. Make a plan Before you start drinking, set a limit on how much youre going to drink. Set a budget Only take a fixed amount of money to spend on alcohol.Let them knowIf you let your friends and family know youre cutting down and that its important to you, you cousupport from them.

    http://stopdrinkingalcohol.com/biggest-secret-sobriety/http://stopdrinkingalcohol.com/biggest-secret-sobriety/http://stopdrinkingalcohol.com/biggest-secret-sobriety/http://stopdrinkingalcohol.com/biggest-secret-sobriety/
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    going to a group like Al-AnonConsider joining Alcoholics Anonymous or another mutual support group (see resources). Recovering people who attend groups regularly do better than those who do not. Groups can vary widely, so shfor one that's comfortable. You'll get more out of it if you become actively involved by having a sporeaching out to other members for assistance.

    Cei 12 Pasi ai Alcoolicilor Anonimi1. Am admis ca eram neputinciosi in fata alcoolului, ca nu mai eram stapani pe viata noastra.2. Am ajuns la credinta ca o Putere Superioara noua insine ne-ar putea reda sanatatea mintala.3. Am hotarat sa ne lasam vointa si viata in grija unui Dumnezeu asa cum si-L inchipuia fiecare din4. Am facut fara teama un inventar moral amanuntit al propriei persoane.5. Am marturisit lui Dumnezeu, noua insine si altei fiinte umane natura exacta a greselilor noastre.6. Am consimtit fara rezerve ca Dumnezeu sa ne scape de toate aceste defecte de caracter.7. Cu umilinta, I-am cerut sa ne indeparteze defectele.8. Am intocmit o lista cu toate persoanele carora le-am facut necazuri si am consimtit sa reparam ac9. Ne-am reparat greselile direct fata de acele persoane, acolo unde a fost cu putinta, dar nu si atuncam fi putut face vreun rau lor sau altora.10. Ne-am continuat inventarul personal si ne-am recunoscut greselile, de indata ce ne-am dat seam11. Am cautat, prin rugaciune si meditatie, sa ne intarim contactul constient cu Dumnezeu asa cum inchipuia fiecare dintre noi, cerandu-i doar sa ne arate voia Lui in ce ne priveste si sa ne dea putereaimplinim.12. Dupa ce am trait o trezire spirituala ca rezultat al acestor pasi, am incercat sa transmitem acest maltor alcoolici si sa punem in aplicare aceste principii in toate domeniile vietii noastre.Programul celor 12 pai ofer 12 promisiuni: 1. Vom cunoate o libertate i o fericire de o factur cunou. 2. Nu vom mai regreta i nu vom mai ncerca s ngropm trecutul. 3. Vom nelege ce nseamnsenintatea. 4. Vom cunoate pacea. 5. Nu conteaz ct de mult am deczut, vom vedea cum alii bede experiena noastr. 6. Sentimentele de inutilitate i de auto-comptimire vor disprea. 7. Ne vom pierdinteresul pentru propria per soan i ne va psa mai mult de soarta semenilor. 8. Ne vom cunoate pe nnine. 9. Atitudinea noastr, perspectiva asupra vieii, se vor schimba n bine. 10. Teama de oameninsecuritatea financiar ne vor prsi. 11. Vom rezolva situaii care odinioar ne derutau. 12. Deodavom da seama c Dumnezeu poate svri lucruri pe care nu le pute realiza noi nine. (MARY THERESA

    WEBB, COPACUL VIEII RENNOITE)

    http://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/ToolsResources/Resources.asp#Mutualhttp://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/ToolsResources/Resources.asp#Mutualhttp://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/ToolsResources/Resources.asp#Mutualhttp://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/ToolsResources/Resources.asp#Mutual