atestat engleza chelsea history

25
Colegiul National Dragos Voda Sighetul Marmatiei Lucrare pentru obtinerea certificatului de atestare profesionala Chelsea Profesor Coordonator: Cand 1

Upload: ovi-patraus

Post on 16-Dec-2015

375 views

Category:

Documents


60 download

DESCRIPTION

Atestat la limba Engleza !

TRANSCRIPT

Colegiul National Dragos Voda

Sighetul Marmatiei

Lucrare pentru obtinerea certificatului de atestare profesionala

Chelsea

Profesor Coordonator: Candidat:

Stoianovici Adelina Patraus OvidiuAnul Scolar 2014-2015Table of contents

1.Argument.........................................................................................................3

2.Introduction......................................................................................................43.Date formed .....................................................................................5 3.1Players of the 1900s...................................................................................64.Chelsea (1910)..................................................................................................7 5.Chelsea in World War 1....................................................................................86. Chelsea (1920-1930).......................................................................................107.Chelsea in World War 2...................................................................................128.Chelsea (1950-2010)........................................................................................161.Argument I have decided to write aboutChelsea F.C because I condiser them the best team of the world, they play for fans not for the money. One of the most important things I admire about Chelsea is that they practise a zero tolerance policy towards racism at Stamford Bridge and take a leading role in all the major anti-racist campaigns such as Kick Racism Out of Football, Show Racism the Red Card and all Uefa backed Europe-wide campaigns.

Another reason for which I admire Chelsea F.C is that they play togheter as a team , Lampard says Individuals can be strong on their own but they are much stronger in a team. Victory achieved alone can be sweet but there is nothing sweeter than sharing that moment with your team. ; It is important to support each other and share feelings, aims and dreams. Mutual support brings mutual success on and off the field.. As a team they respect each other , because individuals they lose , but together are the strongest team of the World and could defeat any team . I respect the coach of Chelsea , Jose Mourinho, as a fan, he made me feel like we could beat any team, like we were the best. I remember watching his press conferences on stream or on youtube, something I don't do with any other coach. I remember feeling inspired by his winning mentality.2.INTRODUCTION

Chelsea Football Clubis a professionalfootballclub based inFulham,London, who play in thePremier League, the highest level of English football. Founded in 1905, the club have spent most of their history in the top tier of English football. The club's home ground is the 41,837-seatStamford Bridgestadium, where they have played since their establishment.

Chelsea had their first major success in1955, when they won the league championship, and subsequently won various cup competitions between1965and 1990. The club have enjoyed their greatest period of success in the past two decades, winning 17 major trophies since1997.Domestically, Chelsea have won fiveleague titles, sevenFA Cups, fiveLeague Cupsand fourFA Community Shields, while in continental competitions they have won oneUEFA Champions League, twoUEFA Cup Winners' Cups, oneUEFA Europa Leagueand oneUEFA Super Cup. Chelsea are the onlyLondon clubto win the UEFA Champions League,and one offour clubs, and the only British club, to have won all three mainUEFAclub competitions.

Chelsea's regularkitcolours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks. The club's crest has been changed several times in attempts to re-brand the club and modernise its image. The current crest, featuring a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff, is a modification of the one introduced in the early 1950s.The club have sustained the fifth-highest average all-time attendance inEnglish football.Their average home gate for the201314 seasonwas 41,572, the seventh highest in the Premier League.Since July 2003, Chelsea have been owned by Russian billionaireRoman Abramovich.In May 2015 they were ranked byForbes Magazineas thesixth most valuable football club in the world, at 898million ($1.37billion).

3. dATE FORMED : 15 mARCH 1905 Chelsea Football Club were founded on 10 March 1905at The Rising Sun pub, (now The Butcher's Hook) opposite today's main entrance to the ground on the Fulham Road. Since there was already a team named Fulham in theborough, the name of the adjacent borough, theMetropolitan Borough of Chelsea, was settled on afterLondon FC,Kensington FCandStamford Bridge FChad been rejected.Blue shirts were adopted by Mears, after theracingcolors ofLord Chelsea, along with whiteshortsand dark bluesocks.

3.1 Players of the 1900s

PlayerYearsLeague AppsLeague GoalsTotal AppsTotal Goals

BETTRIDGE, Walter1909-2222302540

BIRNIE, Ted1906-1010131083

BRADSHAW, James1909-106363

BRAWN, Billy1907-1193109911

BREBNER, Ronald1906 & 1912-13180190

BRIDGEMAN, Billy1906-191462015922

BUSH, Robert1906-074040

BYRNE, Michael1905-064050

CALDERHEAD, David Jnr1907-14342432

CAMERON, Jock1907-1317901940

CARTWRIGHT, William1908-13440460

COPELAND, David1905-07269269

CRAIGIE, James1905-070020

DOLBY, Hugh1909-122020

DONAGHY, Charles1905-072131

DOUGLAS, Angus1908-13961010310

DOWNING, Sam1909-14134914410

FAIRGRAY, Norman1907-14795845

FLETCHER, James1905-061010

FOULKE, Willie1905-06340350

FREEMAN, Charlie1907-20962110522

FROST, James1906-07234234

GOODWIN, Joe1905-060020

HARDING, Augustus1906-134050

HARRIS, Charles1905-091020

HENDERSON, George1905-09601641

HILSDON, George1906-1215099164108

HOLDEN, Arthur1908-10201201

HORN, George1909-132020

HUMPHREYS, Percy1908-0945134613

JONES, Evan1909-11214214

KENNEDY, George1908-09100120

KEY, George1905-09542562

KIRWAN, Jack1905-0873157616

LYON, Frank1907-086060

MACKIE, Bob1905-07441481

MAIR, Tommy1909-109191

McCARTNEY, David1906-071030

McDERMOTT, Tom1905-0631113212

McEWAN, Bob1905-06190200

McEWAN, Marshall1909-11333353

McROBERTS, Bob1905-091041110611

MILLER, Tommy1905-0911201200

4. Chelsea (1910)

After just five seasons Londons newest club was already its biggest, taking giant steps and making waves that would ripple down the decades. Sadly, the clubs founder would witness little of his dream take shape. Gus Mears died of kidney failure on 4 February 1912. (His freehold of the land would eventually pass to brother Joe.)

In 1912/13 the Pensioners again registered the highest average home attendance in Britain with 32,100 and the following season set a new UK record of 37,900. At the close of the decade Chelsea broke 40,000 for the first time in Britain by averaging 42,860.

The revenue generated bolstered the clubs moneybags reputation but was ploughed back into big names who would draw the crowds such as legendary England centre-forward Vivian Woodward and, in 1913, the Great Dane, midfielder Nils Middelboe, the Football Leagues first overseas star.

It barely affected popularity that two seasons were spent on the second tier. However, in splashing cash on players to stave off relegation in spring 1910 Chelsea had inadvertently changed history. The drop still happened, but new rules were introduced to end recruitment late in the season: the transfer deadline.

In 1915, having reached our first FA Cup final to the backdrop of war, the club was as scandalised as the rest of the game to hear that Manchester United and Liverpool players had fixed a league game so that the Red Devils remained in the top flight at Chelseas expense. Thankfully this was swiftly reversed.

April 1911 brought neighbours Fulham to the Bridge for a 2-0 defeat and on 26 April 1919 the same opponents were beaten 3-0 at Highbury as Chelsea lifted the London Victory Cup we remain the holders to this day.

5. Chelsea in World War 1 The ultimatum to withdraw from Belgium ignored, Britain declared a state of war with Germany at 11pm on 4 August 1914. No aspect of life in England would ever be the same and football neither enjoyed nor offered sanctuary from the horrors that followed.

Four days later the Defence of the Realm Act made it illegal, amongst other things, to buy binoculars, light fireworks, use invisible ink when writing abroad or buy strong alcohol in a railway refreshment room.

In August 1914 many British ex-footballers had training jobs based in the heart of the conflict, in Germany, Austria and Belgium. A former coach at the Bridge, Harry Ransom, was in Budapest, but managed to reach London safely after being twice stopped on suspicion of being a foreign spy.

At first football attempted to carry on regardless, but a ferocious attack by the media and parliament on so-called shirkers among the playing staff and supporters knocked the game back on its heels.

In many walks of life hordes of workmates were going off to fight in pals regiments. But recruitment drives at London grounds were unsuccessful. Notoriously, not a single volunteer joined up at Stamford Bridge, where a Colonel Burn had lectured a crowd of 16,000. (Perhaps announcing that his own son had already been killed in France was not the cleverest enticement.)

Chelsea had responded regularly in the matchday programme with contempt for the mud-slingers, publishing a photograph of a crowd comprising almost entirely of men in uniform and therefore doing their bit for King and country (pictured top). They also printed dozens of letters from fighting men craving to hear how their beloved Pensioners were faring, particularly as they progressed to the FA Cup final for the first time ever in 1914/15.

Exiled Belgians were handed tickets to games, including a 2-2 draw with Oldham. They were Chelsea partisans to a man and woman, cheered the Chelsea goals and seemed almost to forget their own terrible sufferings. The club was also quick to collect money in a Footballs for Tommies scheme to dispatch 50 top-quality footballs off to servicemen on the frontline who applied for one at Stamford Bridge (see programme extract right). They were sent in November 1914.One of them may even have been used in the legendary Christmas truce match a month later.

The Southdown Battalion of the Sussex Regiment are proud in the possession of the ball used in our match v Liverpool, it was announced. Two representatives from that battalion, Lieutenants Clifford Whitley and Ernest Wenden helped establish a Chelsea Supporters Company with a recruitment drive at the Bridge. (Perhaps as a result, both went on to marry Maie and Julia, daughters of Chelsea director Fred Parker.)

The Chelsea hierarchy also supported the grand initiative of a Footballers Battalion, the 17th Middlesex, created on 14 December 1914. Not only did several current and former players sign up, but club secretary Bert Palmer became Honorary Recruiting Officer for the 17th, prompting the attestations of 60-70 soldiers. One of the first was Chelseas star winger Teddy Foord.

By then the Football League had been suspended and regionalised. The Pensioners had lost the FA Cup final at Old Trafford 0-3 to Sheffield United and, disastrously, finished in a relegation slot. However it later emerged that players from Liverpool and Manchester United had colluded to fix a match, saving the latter from the drop and condemning Chelsea. The football community was scandalised, and when the war was over the League made sure the Pensioners were reinstated in the top flight.

In the meantime the small-scale football served up 1915 to 1918 offered little succour from the bad news hitting nearly every family.

Among the Chelsea-related, past and present, Max Seeberg was interned simply because of his German surname;Vivian Jack Woodwardwas wounded in action but recovered;George Hilsdonwas gassed; coach Harry Brown and board members Parker, Palmer and Mears all lost immediate family; while Bob Pom-Pom Whiting, Arthur Wileman, Bob Atherton, George Kennedy, Philip Smith and George Lake all died of wounds suffered in the conflict.

Kennedy, a half-back during the 1908/09 season who emigrated in 1914 and was a company sergeant-major in the 42nd Canadian Highlanders, died during the capture of Passchendaele on 16 November 1917. He was Chelseas most decorated former player, receiving the Military Medal and Distinguished Conduct Medal earlier that year (his attestation paper is shown on the right).

Most poignantly, Lake died just a four days before the armistice of 11 November 1918. He was the only serving first team Chelsea player claimed by this most brutal of conflicts.

6. Chelsea (1920-1930)

1920: With English football restored as a national competition in 1919 Chelsea moved swiftly to bring the usual big names in World War One had sadly ended the careers of many. Charismatic striker Jack Cock, slide-tackling Tommy Law, reliable keeper Sam Molyneux and long-serving skipper Andy Wilson would be the cigarette card icons of the new era. There is plenty of money down Stamford Bridge way, noted the press, as usual.

One explanation for the wealth was the attendances at Stamford Bridge, now averaging around 40,000. Chelsea were again the countrys best supported club in 1919/20, 1921/22, 1923/24 and 1925/26 the latter, remarkably, as a Second Division team. Hundreds followed the team to every away game on special trains too.

A dream of Gus Mears and Fred Parker was realised when Stamford Bridge replaced Crystal Palace as the venue for the FA Cup final in 1920, 1921 and 1922. Unfortunately, once the Empire Stadium was built at Wembley in 1923 the final switched there. Soon the London Athletics Club would look for pastures new after half a century on the Fulham Road as stadium owner Joe Mears looked for more lucrative ventures for the running track. Dirt-track racing later known as speedway proved hugely popular until abruptly replaced by greyhound racing.

Chelsea continued to innovate on the field. Numbered team shirts was a pet project of chairman Claude Kirby and the Pensioners became first to wear them in England in 1928. The following summer, on a pioneering pre-World Cup tour of South America, the Londoners were nicknamed los numerados when they wore numbers in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, and no professional English team had ever played in Sao Paulo before. That three-month eye-opening jaunt prompted a fine league campaign that successfully brought an end to our longest spell in the second tier in 1930.

1930: This was a contrasting decade of enduring milestones but no silverware; of many social landmarks but little genuine change. The end of David Calderheads long reign as secretary-manager at 26 years the longest in our history came to its mediocre conclusion in June 1933. He created the Chelsea blueprint for investing in crowd-pleasing talent from wherever it might hail, and on 26 December 1930 fielded a team of eight internationals from across the British Isles.

He had achieved stability and popularity yet the closest he had come to bringing trophies to the Bridge now with its roof over the Fulham Road End, dubbed the Shed had been the FA Cup way back in 1915 when we were beaten finalists.

New man Leslie Knighton again trawled for talent, notably and successfully across the Irish Sea to maintain the magnetism of Stamford Bridge.

It worked. Mighty throngs have often been associated with the Chelsea ground at Stamford Bridge since the club was formed, said the Guardian: marvelling at an extraordinary new English attendance record of 82,905 set at the Bridge in October 1935.

Despite the stars and the crowds, consistency and success still proved so elusive that a variety artiste, Norman Long, captured the popular view of the Pensioners with his satire about the earth turning on its head when the club finally win the cup.

The sudden loss of three experienced board members in quick succession was another setback to progress, though the arrival of third-generation director Joe Mears would eventually have a hugely positive influence in the boardroom.

The Pensioners also reached out to the world even more, reaching the final of the prestigious 1937 Paris Expo tournament, a forerunner of the European Cup. The clubs first black reserve player, British-Jamaican forward Fred Hanley, was signed in 1938.

Knighton came no closer to meeting the boards title ambitions, though, and in 1939 he made way for Billy Birrell, a Scot with the vision to revolutionise the nurturing of young footballers at Chelsea. Hitler and Germany had other ideas, and the project was put on hold for six years as Britain was again plunged into war.

7. Chelsea in World War 2

The 1939/40 season kicked off on 26 August. It was football, but not as we know it, with war seemingly inevitable. Under newly appointed manager Billy Birrell a new Chelsea was being written about. The Pensioners seem to have taken the London limelight in Arsenals absence, theDundee Courierhad said in January 1939, the forwards Joe Payne and Jimmy Argue looking star turns.

By August the same newspaper had been moved to admit, Chelsea, of all clubs, are being written up as one of the sides of the season. There may be more than a hint of optimism about this forecast, which is based apparently on the new order of things at Stamford Bridge. The new order being based on a new manager and new training ideas.

The season started with an impressive 3-2 win over Bolton Wanderers in front of 35,000 at the Bridge, yet just four days later the first evacuations of children from London were ordered. A day later Manchester United were the visitors and a 1-1 draw the result with a crowd of 15,000. Fire service auxiliaries placed canvas reservoirs of water on the streets of the city, retailers took measures to protect their shop windows, and gas masks had to be carried everywhere.

With the backdrop of news that Germany had invaded Poland, games on Saturday 2 September went ahead, attendances dropping from 600,000 on the opening day to 380,000. There were only 12,000 at Liverpool to see Chelseas first defeat of the season. Eight of the Merseyside team were Air Raid wardens and were only able to play because others covered their sentry duties.

The following day, Sunday 3 September 1939, at 11.15 am, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain announced that a state of war now existed between Britain and Germany.

On Monday 4 September the streets of Chelsea resonated with a real-life air raid warning siren for the first time. A couple were marrying in the Registry Office on the Kings Road at the time and spent their first 10 minutes of wedded bliss in the shelter beneath the town hall with a host of strangers.

Like much else that the nation savoured, football would soon be subject to rationing.

An emergency Football League committee meeting decided on suspending the 1939/40 campaign. Clubs were liable to pay players only up to 6 September. Season ticket refunds were to be put in place. Matches already played were to be treated as cup ties, and scrubbed from the official records.

Pity Harry Cothliff, the Liverpool-born Torquay midfielder whose 6,000 transfer to Chelsea was one of the first casualties of war. From 8 September footballers were effectively out of work, although the League Management Committee did permit clubs to pay signed-on players a paltry 1.50 a week, with no goal or appearance bonuses. The PFA regularly lobbied for increases and provided for its members in case of hardship.

The post-war Football Association publication, Victory Was The Goal: Soccers Contribution to the War 1939-45 noted that between 3 September 1939 and the end of the war, Ninety-one men joined the armed forces from Wolves, 76 from Liverpool, 65 from Huddersfield Town, 63 from Leicester City, 62 from Charlton, 55 from Preston North End, 52 from Burnley, 50 from Sheffield Wednesday, 44 from Chelsea

By 8 September Billy Birrell announced, Chelsea have closed down, but we are still marking time, hoping and believing that football in some form or other will be allowed soon. I think the Government are fully aware that the public must have a safety-valve such as football provides, and I consider it is highly probable that something will be done.

Poorly attended friendlies were organised as a stop-gap while localised competitions were put in place, as in World War One. On 3 October 1939 the 11 professional London football clubs opted to fill the remainder of the season with games under the auspices of the capitals Football Combination organisation.

Two groups were formed according to their Football League status: Group A included Chelsea, Arsenal, Brentford, Charlton, Tottenham, West Ham, and Group B (with five other southern teams) Aldershot, Brighton, Clapton, Crystal Palace, QPR, Reading, Southend and Watford. An initial 50-mile travel limit was relaxed on appeal, as long as teams were able to make the return journey in a day. The initial draconian 8,000 attendance cap was gradually eased.

All but six (most notably Aston Villa and Sunderland) of the then 88 league clubs took part in eight regional competitions, to kick off on 21 October. Even the lucrative football pools restarted. Some matches were covered by the BBC and rebroadcast by European radio stations to British troops camped on their soil.

With their futures uncertain, some playing staff elected to join the armed forces or national service organisations such as War Reserve Police, or take on essential war work in, say, a factory. Others sat tight until the dreaded conscription papers were posted through the door.

Whereabouts of Players who were on the Clubs books at the beginning of the season may be of interest, the Chelsea FC Chronicle suggested on 30 September 1939. The following joined the Police War Reserve some twelve months ago and were called upon just prior to the commencement of hostilities: Alexander, Barber, Buchanan, Burgess, Foss, Griffiths, Hanson, Jackson, Mills, OHare, Payne, Salmond, Sherborne, Smale, Smith, A J Spence, Tennant, Vaux, Weaver and Woodley.

Bidewell and Mayes are serving in His Majestys Fighting Forces, and of the remainder Argue, White, Kilpatrick, McMillan and Creighton have returned to Scotland, Mitchell has joined his family in Ireland, James is at his home in Wales, and Smith, our recruit from Port Vale, has returned to the Midlands, and will assist his former club until he attains military age and receives his call to the Colours.

George Barber, of Chelsea, is taking no chances, trumpeted thePicture Poston 4 May 1940. He has four alternative professions up his sleeve. Footballer, hairdresser, policeman, cartoonist.

Soon anyone under 23 was barred from national service because the demand for fighting men was so great. Bombing raids also brought the war close to home in the capital. With Highbury requisitioned for the war effort, Arsenal shared the White Hart Lane stadium with Tottenham, but Stamford Bridge kept its turnstiles open and rewarded acts of valour.

The crew of HMS Exeter, fresh from their victory over the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee at the Battle of River Plate, were invited to the Bridge as special guests of the club to watch the game against Tottenham in February 1940.

Later, Italian prisoners of war, more regularly seen tidying streets and green areas around west London, were treated to tickets at Chelsea matches. It is perhaps one of the reasons there has long been such a strong bond between Londons Italian migrants and the club.

Meanwhile, in the early days of the war, householders and businesses were encouraged to maintain buckets of sand and water and stirrup pumps to deal with roof-penetrating incendiary devices, and Chelsea were very well prepared too with the binoculars of an air raid spotter scouring the skies for planes. A few years ago some west London schoolchildren asked a reminiscence group of older fans what the spotter would do if they saw planes overhead. Direct them over to Arsenals ground, was the tongue-in-cheek response.

The period of most intensive Luftwaffe bombing of the capital, known as the Blitz, was between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941. Five days into the bombardment on 12 September an incendiary device was found to have singed grass on the Stamford Bridge pitch. It was not the only one to land on the ground.

8. Chelsea (1950-2010) Stamford Bridge remained an attractive draw and Matt Busby, Joe Mercer, George Hardwick and Walter Winterbottom were among the seminal names of other teams to turn out in the royal blue.

During that time, under the management of Ted Drake, they won their first league title in 1955. It was a remarkable triumph that came out of nothing: Chelsea had finished in the bottom half of the table in eight of the previous nine seasons and would finish 16th the following year. As champions, Chelsea should have been England's first representatives in the European Cup, yet they were persuaded not to enter by the FA. The club were relegated in 1962 but returned at the first attempt and, this time, challenged consistently for honours. They finished in the top half of the table for nine seasons in a row and endured a number of near misses, most notably in 1965 they were on course for a domestic Treble at the end of March, but ended up with only the League Cup. A team full of personalities like Peter Osgood, Ron 'Chopper' Harris and Charlie Cooke were a perfect encapsulation of the swinging Sixties in west London. After losing another FA Cup final in 1967, this time to Spurs, Chelsea finally claimed the trophy for the first time in 1970. They beat Leeds 2-1 in a replay that is often cited as the dirtiest game in English football history. In the following season Chelsea broke more new territory, winning their first European trophy: they beat Real Madrid 2-1 in the Cup Winners' Cup final replay.

After such a glorious period, a comedown was inevitable. Chelsea were relegated in 1975, and the rebuilding of Stamford Bridge's East Stand led to significant financial difficulties. Chelsea eventually had to sell the Stamford Bridge freehold and were almost evicted. The club jumped back and forth between the top two divisions for the next 15 years, with only consecutive sixth-placed finishes in 1985 and 1986 to really dwell on. Promotion in 1989 ended their yo-yo period, and the Nineties - often forgotten because of subsequent success - were vital in re-establishing Chelsea as one of the major teams in the country. They won the FA Cup in 1997, the Cup Winners' Cup in 1998, and also became glamorous again, thanks mainly to the acquisition of players like Ruud Gullit and Gianluca Vialli (both of whom would go on to manage the club), and particularly Gianfranco Zola, who was bought by Gullit in 1996 and very quickly became a Chelsea legend. Another FA Cup followed in 2000, and Chelsea finished between third and sixth in every season from 1996 and 2003. That was the summer in which their identity changed forever: Abramovich bought the club and an almost unprecedented investment in players followed.

Claudio Ranieri's failure to win a trophy in 2003-04 led to his replacement by Jose Mourinho. It was a match made in heaven: in his first season Mourinho won the League Cup and the title - Chelsea's first for 50 years - with a record points total of 95; he added a second championship the following season. Although Mourinho failed marginally to make it three in a row, Chelsea did win both domestic cups in 2007. But a declining relationship with Abramovich led to him being leaving the club early in the 2007-08 season.

Chelsea lost the Champions League final on penalties to Manchester United that season, the continuation of a cursed run in that competition.They underachieved for much of 2008-09 before a late run under the temporary manager Guus Hiddink ended with another FA Cup win and the appointment of Carlo Ancelotti led to a sharpening of focus. Chelsea won the Double in his first season but, while the Champions League continued to elude them, nobody's job was safe and Ancelotti was sacked to usher in the 'new Mourinho' - FC Porto boss Andre Villas-Boas ahead of the 2011-12 season.9. Webliography http://www.chelseafc.com/ http://www.reddit.com/r/chelseafc/\

https://www.google.ro/search?q=fc+chelsea&newwindow=1&biw=1366&bih=623&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=FmdYVY64A4vuUtqogKgP&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_F.C. http://www.espnfc.com/club/chelsea/363/indexPAGE 3