amplificator de audiofrecventa cu amplificator operational si tranzistoare.doc
TRANSCRIPT
Amplificator de Audiofrecventa cu Amplificator Operational si Tranzistoare
Universitatea Politehnica din Bucureti
Facultatea de Transporturi
Catedra Telecomenzi i Electronic n Transporturi
Amplificator de audiofrecvent
(cu amplificator operational si tranzistoare)
Autor:
ndrumtor:
Ovidiu Tomescu
Grupa: 8313CUPRINS
1. Prezentarea circuitului
denumirea circuitului;
schema electric;
cum functioneaz circuitul si unde se foloseste (caracteristici tehnice).
2. Schema electric a circuitului desenat n Orcad Capture, cu amplasarea nodurilor.
3. Schema intern a amplificatorului operational LM741.
4. Analiza de curent continuu:
a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor
b) Functia de transfer
c) Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului
5. Analiza de curent alternativ :
a) Folosind analiza de curent alternativ sa se determine spectrul de frecvente al amplificatorului
b) Sa se determine rezistententele de intrare/iesire ale amplificatorului
6. Analiza in domeniul timp
a) La intrarea amplificatorului se va aplica un semnal sinusoidal. Frecventa semnalului de intrare va fi aleasa atat din interiorul, cat si din afara spectrului de frecvente. Cum se modifica aplitudinea semnalului de iesire in functie de frecventa?
b) Analiza parametrica
c) Analiza cu temperatura8. Cablajul circuitului.
9. Concluzii.
10. BibliografieCap.1 Prezentarea circuitului
Circuitul ce va fi prezentat este un amplificator de audiofrecven proiectat s functioneze n gama de frecvente 20Hz 20kHz. Este un aplificator de mica putere putnd sustine o sarcin de 50W la o impendant de 4.
Acest amplificator poate fi considerat hibrid deoarece foloseste att un amplificator operational de tip LM741, ct si un etaj cu dou tranzistoare complementare PNP cu NPN (2N6107, BC178, 2N5295, BC108).
Mai jos este prezentat schema electronic a montajului i valorile componentelor:
Acest montaj amplificator de mic putere poate fi utilizat pentru amplificarea frecventelor din gama 20 Hz 20 kHz. Avantejele acestor amplificatoare hibride sunt acelea ca au un consum foarte redus, au un randament ridicat i pot fi realizate la dimensiuni extrem de reduse, chiar de ordinul milimetrilor dac se folosesc componente SMD (Surface Mounted DeviceCap.2 Schema electronic realizat n Orcad Capture
Cap.3 Schema electronic intern a LM741
Am folosit acest amplificator operational deoarece amplificatoarele din gama 741 (UA741, LM741, A741) sunt utilizate n foarte multe circuite electronice, nu numai de amplificare, ci si de comparare, n montaje inversoare etc.
Mai jos este prezentat schema interna a capsulei lui LM741. Din aceasta imagine se deduce faptul c circuitul integrat cuprinde un singur amplificator operational conectat la pinii exteri ai capsulei dup cum urmeaz:
Pinul 1 Offest Nul
Pinul 8 nefolosit
Pinul 2 intrare inversoare
Pinul 7 Borna alimentare +
Pinul 3 intrare neinversoare Pinul 6 Ieire
Pinul 4 mas
Pinul 5 Offset Null
n continuare este prezentat schema electronic intern detaliat a amplificatorului operaional coninut de circuitul LM741:
Analiza de curent continuu:a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
BC178A
I1 1 4 5uA
V1 4 0 12V
R1 2 1 0.001
R2 0 3 0.001m
Q5 4 2 3 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
.OP
.DC V1 0V 12V 1V I1 5uA 25uA 5uA
.PROBE
.ENDBJT MODEL PARAMETERS
BC178A
PNP
IS 336.700000E-15
BF 187
NF 1
VAF 44.61
IKF .2059
ISE 336.800000E-15
NE 1.459
BR 4.068
NR 1
IKR 10.05
ISC 1.121000E-09
NC 1.953
NK .5081
RC 1.86
CJE 33.000000E-12
VJE .5
MJE .3333
CJC 11.000000E-12
VJC .5
MJC .2223
TF 845.500000E-12
XTF 19.04
VTF 10
ITF 1.701
TR 10.000000E-09
XTB 1.5
CN 2.2
D .52
SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) -.5574 ( 2) -.5574 ( 3)-970.5E-12 ( 4) -12.0000
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V1 -9.705E-04
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.16E-02 WATTSBIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
NAME Q1
MODEL BC178A
IB -5.00E-06
IC -9.65E-04
VBE -5.57E-01
VBC 1.14E+01
VCE -1.20E+01
BETADC 1.93E+02
GM 3.72E-02
RPI 5.47E+03
RX 0.00E+00
RO 5.81E+04
CBE 9.01E-11
CBC 5.43E-12
CJS 0.00E+00
BETAAC 2.03E+02
CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00
FT/FT2 6.20E+07
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION2N6107
I1 1 4 5uA
V1 4 0 12V
R1 2 1 0.001
R2 0 3 0.001m
Q7 4 2 3 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1
.OP
.DC V1 0V 12V 1V I1 5uA 25uA 5uA
.PROBE
.END
BJT MODEL PARAMETERS
Q2N6107
PNP
IS 632.400000E-15
BF 112.1
NF 1
VAF 100
IKF 2.187
ISE 962.800000E-15
NE 1.373
BR 66.4
NR 1
IKR 125.8
ISC 974.400000E-15
NC 1.207
NK .6196
RB .1
RC .2066
CJE 379.800000E-12
MJE .4937
CJC 508.900000E-12
MJC .4847
TF 17.410000E-09
XTF 1.062
VTF 10
ITF 5.921
TR 89.170000E-09
XTB 2.1
CN 2.2
D .52 SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) -.5186 ( 2) -.5186 ( 3)-365.0E-12 ( 4) -12.0000OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V1 -3.650E-04
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 4.38E-03 WATTS BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
NAME Q1
MODEL Q2N6107
IB -5.00E-06
IC -3.60E-04
VBE -5.19E-01
VBC 1.15E+01
VCE -1.20E+01
BETADC 7.20E+01
GM 1.39E-02
RPI 5.85E+03
RX 1.00E-01
RO 3.10E+05
CBE 8.78E-10
CBC 1.32E-10
CJS 0.00E+00
BETAAC 8.13E+01
CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00
FT/FT2 2.19E+06
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
BC108 I1 0 1 5uA
V1 4 0 12V
R1 1 2 0.001
R2 3 4 0.001m
Q8 3 2 0 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
.OP
.DC V1 0V 12V 1V I1 5uA 25uA 5uA
.PROBE
.END BJT MODEL PARAMETERS BC108A
NPN
IS 7.049000E-15
BF 375.5
NF 1
VAF 116.3
IKF 4.589
ISE 7.049000E-15
NE 1.281
BR 2.611
NR 1
IKR 5.313
ISC 121.700000E-12
NC 1.865
RC 1.464
CJE 11.500000E-12
VJE .5
MJE .2717
CJC 5.380000E-12
VJC .6218
MJC .329
TF 451.000000E-12
XTF 17.43
VTF 10
ITF 6.194
TR 10.000000E-09
XTB 1.5
CN 2.42
D .87 SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) .6576 ( 2) .6576 ( 3) 12.0000 ( 4) 12.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V1 -8.511E-04
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.02E-02 WATTS BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS NAME Q1
MODEL BC108A
IB 5.00E-06
IC 8.51E-04
VBE 6.58E-01
VBC -1.13E+01
VCE 1.20E+01
BETADC 1.70E+02
GM 3.29E-02
RPI 5.94E+03
RX 0.00E+00
RO 1.50E+05
CBE 3.49E-11
CBC 2.03E-12
CJS 0.00E+00
BETAAC 1.95E+02
CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00 FT/FT2 1.42E+08
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 2N5294I1 0 1 5uA
V1 4 0 12V
R1 1 2 0.001
R2 3 4 0.001m
Q1 3 2 0 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.OP
.DC V1 0V 12V 1V I1 5uA 25uA 5uA
.PROBE
.END BJT MODEL PARAMETERS Q2N5294
NPN
IS 1.129000E-12
BF 161
NF 1
VAF 100
IKF 1.948
ISE 31.170000E-12
NE 1.557
BR 1
NR 1
IKR .03134
ISC 23.500000E-12
NC 1.489
NK .648
RB .1
RC .1682
CJE 286.300000E-12
MJE .4961
CJC 251.500000E-12
MJC .5045
TF 23.640000E-09
XTF .3795
VTF 10
ITF 10.92
TR 810.000000E-09
XTB 2
CN 2.42
D .87 SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) .4765 ( 2) .4765 ( 3) 12.0000 ( 4) 12.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V1 -1.265E-04
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.52E-03 WATTS BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORSNAME Q1
MODEL Q2N5294
IB 5.00E-06
IC 1.26E-04
VBE 4.77E-01
VBC -1.15E+01
VCE 1.20E+01
BETADC 2.53E+01
GM 4.89E-03
RPI 7.47E+03
RX 1.00E-01
RO 8.82E+05
CBE 5.74E-10
CBC 6.14E-11
CJS 0.00E+00
BETAAC 3.65E+01
CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00
FT/FT2 1.23E+06
b) Functia de transferproiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.5 1K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 0 7 47
R7 0 3 4C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.OP
.TF V(3) V1
.ENDSMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICSV(3)/V1 = 1.858E-04
C) Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului
Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului, in curent continuu, este dat de : I= 6.127mA si U= 24,51mV
Analiza de curent alternativa) Folosind analiza de curent alternativ sa se determine spectrul de frecvente al amplificatorului
proiect_PAC
V1 1 0 AC 0.1V
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 0 7 47
R7 0 3 4C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.AC DEC 10 1K 100MEG.PROBE
.END
Pentru a afla spectrul de frecvente trebuie sa aflam, mai intai, valoarea tensiunii pentru frecventa critica:
U= Umax * 0,707 U= 120*10 *0.707= 84 mV
Astfel, spectrul de frecvente al amplificatorului este 80kHz 700khz
b) Sa se determine rezistententele de intrare/iesire ale amplificatoruluiproiect_PAC
V1 1 0 AC 0.1V
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 0 7 47
R7 0 3 4
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.AC DEC 10 1K 100MEG
.TF V(3) V1
.PROBE
.ENDSMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
INPUT RESISTANCE AT V1 = 2.229E+05
OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(3) = 3.978E+00Analiza in domeniul timp
a) La intrarea amplificatorului se va aplica un semnal sinusoidal. Frecventa semnalului de intrare va fi aleasa atat din interiorul, cat si din afara spectrului de frecvente. Cum se modifica aplitudinea semnalului de iesire in functie de frecventa?proiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.1 110K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 7 0 47
R7 3 0 4
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.TRAN 1nS 0.2mS
.PROBE
.END
proiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.1 15K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 7 0 47
R7 3 0 4
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.TRAN 1nS 0.2mS
.PROBE
.END
b) Analiza parametricaproiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.1 110K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 7 0 47
R7 3 0 {R}
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.TRAN 1nS 0.1mS
.PARAM R=4
.STEP PARAM R LIST 4 50 4K
.PROBE
.END
c) Analiza cu temperatura
proiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.1 110K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 7 0 47
R7 3 0 4
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.TRAN 1nS 0.2mS
.TEMP 2 30 100
.PROBE
.END
Analiza Fourier
proiect_PAC
V1 1 0 SIN(0 0.1 110K)
V2 6 0 12V
V3 11 0 -12V
R1 1 2 10K
R2 0 8 4.7K
R3 2 3 270K
R4 4 6 1K
R5 9 11 1K
R6 7 0 47
R7 3 0 4
C1 2 3 50p
C2 7 3 0.01u
Q1 3 4 5 BC178A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q2 3 5 6 Q2N6107
.MODEL Q2N6107 PNP(Is=632.4f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=112.1 Ise=962.8f
+ Ne=1.373 Ikf=2.187 Nk=.6196 Xtb=2.1 Br=66.4 Isc=974.4f Nc=1.207
+ Ikr=125.8 Rc=.2066 Cjc=508.9p Mjc=.4847 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5
+ Cje=379.8p Mje=.4937 Vje=.75 Tr=89.17n Tf=17.41n Itf=5.921
+ Xtf=1.062 Vtf=10 Rb=.1)
Q3 3 9 10 BC108A
.LIB EBIPOLAR.LIB
Q4 3 10 11 Q2N5294
.MODEL Q2N5294 NPN(Is=1.129p Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100 Bf=161 Ise=31.17p Ne=1.557
+ Ikf=1.948 Nk=.648 Xtb=2 Br=1 Isc=23.5p Nc=1.489 Ikr=31.34m
+ Rc=.1682 Cjc=251.5p Mjc=.5045 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=286.3p
+ Mje=.4961 Vje=.75 Tr=810n Tf=23.64n Itf=10.92 Xtf=.3795 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
X1 8 2 4 9 7 LM741
.LIB OPAMP.LIB
.TRAN 1nS 0.1mS
.FOUR V(3) 100K
.PROBE
.END
Cablajul in Layout al circuitului
ConcluziiDupa cum se observa in graficul modificarii temperaturii, la cresterea valorii acesteia, amplitudinea semnalului creste.
Cablajul circuitului, realizat in OrCAD Layout, se poate aplica si in practica, fiind unul in dublu strat.
Folosirea transformatei Fourier ne-a ajutat la vizualizarea raspunsului circuitului in functie de frecventa.
Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor prezinta intrarea acestora in conductivitate, prezentand caracteristicile pentru diferiti curenti din baza tranzistorului. Dreapta crescatoare reprezinta zona de deschidere, iar partea aproximativ plana reprezinta regiunea de lucru. In grafic se prezinta curentul de colector fata de tensiunea colector-emitor.
Bibliografiehttp://www.electronicecircuits.com/electronic-circuits/12w-amplifier-using-741-op-amp6