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IDescopera aventura,rezo/va enigme/e i mai apoi...
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o metoda practica i comp/etaWhatwouldyoulike?
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1992UsbornePublishingLtd
Titlu in original
LERN ENGLISHde
NicoleIrving
1997byEDITURA AQUILA '93RomanianeditionandTranslation
ISBN 973-9319-17-3
Traducere:ClaudiaEftimie
Lector:ClaudiaEftimie
Tehnoredactare:EdituraScriptaSrI.Oradea
EDITURA AQUILA '93ORADEA
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Cuprins
CuvantinainteGhid depronuntareenglezGlosar(termeni/notiunigramaticale)SubstantiveleAdjectivele~iprimelenotiunidespreverbTimpulprezental verbelorGenitivul in'sImperativul~iMUSTPropozitiileinterogativePropozitiilenegativeCatevaverbedeexceptiePrepozitiile~iparticulele"Cine", "ce" ~ipronumelereflexivePrezentulcontinuu(continuare)PronumelepersonaleVerbelela trecut~iadverbeleImperfectul(continuare)Aspectulsimplu~icontinuual trecutuluiPresentPerfectParticipiultrecutalverbului~ipronumeleposesiveViitorulFormareaviitoruluicugoingtoGradeledecomparatiecomparativ~isuperlativWould~iconditionaluloscrisoareExplicatiigramaticaleRaspunsurile~isolutii1eexercitii10rNumeralele,datele,anotimpurile...Dictionarenglez-roman
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Cuvantinainte
ChristopherCrookTalhar interna-
tional. Politiadin Londraare un dosar
despre el.
Susy MillerSora lui John.E mai invarstadecatelcu un an.Iiplac romanelepolitiste.
FangsPisica familieiFruitcake. Curi-
oasa,Ii placesafie rasIatata.Iiplace sa-l tachi-nezepe Softie.
EmmaFruitcakeMama luiSarah.Este 0sculptoritadestuldefaimoasa.
John MillerFratele lui Susy.Ii placeplimba-rea,cataratul,plimbareacubicicleta ~imancarea.
Phil FruitcakeTatiilluiSarah.Fiullui FrederickFruitcake.Lucreazapentru0asociatiedecaritate.
SofticCainele fami-liei Fruitcake.
Curajos ~ine-obosit.Cateo-
datamai e ~inervos.
SarahFruitcakePrietenalui
John ~iSusy.Ea i-a intalnitcu un an Inurmain timpulvacantei.
Primii sunt Susy ~iJohn, deoareceei sosesc la Bridgetown, pe drumulcareducela re~edintaFruitcake. Ei au venit de la Londra, undede a~tfellocuiesc, pentrua-~ipetrecevacantaImpreunacu familia Fruitcake.Iiveti insoti pe parcursulacesteicarti.
Personajele principalePe pal'cursce Inaintati, veti face cuno~tintacu anumitepersonaje.Ceicaredetin un 1'01 importantva sunt prezentatiaiei.
Aceastatraducerenu estemcutacuvantcu cuvant.De fapt, nu neexprimamtot timpul la felinenglezaca ~iIn romana.A~adar,eaconstituetraducereaceamaiadecvatacu putinta.
PaginiIe 4 ~i5 va prezintaunghid de pronuntareenglez~iunglosar.Glosarul va explicatermeniigramaticalicaretrebuie~tiutipentrua intelegemai binetextul.Revenitiasupraluidacanusuntetifamiliarizaticutelmeniigramaticali. '
Aceastacarteva permitesainvatatiregulile de bazaalegramaticii limbii engleze~isapunetiin practicaceace invatatipe parcurs,insu~indu-vanoicuno~tinte.
Parteaprincipalaa cartii incepela pagina6. Fiecare capitolprezintaun punctsaudouadegramatica,iar bandadesenatavaprezintautilizareaacestora.Toatecuvintelenoi suntprezentatealaturide traducerealor. Cititi explicatiile ~ibandadesenata.Consultati lista decuvintenoi dind va atlati intr-unimpas.Daca va va fi greusaIntelegeti,apelati la tradueereabulelor.
Pe parcursulfiecarui capitol vetiintalni eel putin 0 ghieitoaresauunjoc careva oferaocazia de apunein practicaeeeace atiaeumulatpe parcurs.Raspunsurile~isolutiile Ie gasitila paginile 56-57.
De retinut
In aceastacalie, abrevierea(pi) Inseamnaca cuvantulsauexpresiaIn chestiuneseatla la plural.
*Acest asterixInseamnaca verbul careurmeazaesteneregulat,(verbul al carui timp trecutesteneregulat).Verbeleneregulatedin englezavasunt explicateundeestenecesar.
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oi & oy se prol1ul1!a"oi" ca Inbaietoi: boy,soil.
ea se pronunta"i": tea,please,sau"e" caIn elefant: dead,treasure.eose pronun!a"i": people.
oe& uese pronunti'i"u" scurt ca 111unghie: shoe,blue,clue.
ew se pronuntaaproapeca un "u":;ewel,sauun "iu" din romana:new.
ie sepronunta"i", carepoatetilung: piece,sauscurt:fi-iend.
ay & ey se prol1unta"ei" ca 111piei: away,they;ea sepronuntacateodataexact la fel: great.
ou se pronul1ta"au" ca ~i111aur:about,foundsau "0"mai alungit:four.
ui se pronunta"j"ca 111indiciu:buildersau"u" ca In ureche: ;uice.
ow se pronuntacateodata"au":cow.now iar alteOl'ise pronul1ta"au" ca 111dlau: show.window.
Consoanele
c se pronunta"s" In fatalui"e" sau"i": ;uice,cinema;sau"k", ca Inkilometru: castle,cup(ck se pronuntaexact la fel).
isepronuntaca In limba romana(adica scmi): bridge,river,is;- asemenisunetului"a" din casa:bird;- asemenisunetului"ai" din cobai:bike,white,shine.
u se pronunta:- asemenisunetului"a" din vazasaucasa: but.up,jumper;- asemenisunetului"u" din lut:put;- asemenisunetului"iu" din fiu:stupid.
o se pronuntaca In romana:dog.not,got;- asemenisunetului"0"din oracoldarmult mai alungit:old,phone,home,no;00se pronunta"u": uliu, u~a,darIn majoritateacazurilor estemaialungit decatIn limba romana(veziun dictional'bun):school,look,good,poor.
e la sfar~itulunui cuvantnu sepronuntadeloc : bike,shine,likecu excePtiacuvintelor formatedintr-o silaba,unde"e" sepronuntaiscmi: he,she,be;ee: se pronuntatot "i", dar putinalungit:see:green.
ai se pronuntaasemenisunetului"e" din etaj: airport,pair sausunetuJui"ei" din lei: painting.
aw se pronunta"0"ca In anotimp:draw,strawbeny.Cilteodata,acestsunetsescrie 00 (ca In door),or(ca In for),sauour (ca In four),darpronuntatmai alungit.
PronuntiaIn limba englezadiferade ceadin limba romana.Unelelitere sunt u~orde pronuntatdeoareceele au tot timpul aceea~ipronuntie,se citesc la fel, iar altelese citesc~ise pronuntaca In limbaromana(adica "b","k", "]", "p","t"~i"z"). Totu~i,multe litere ~igrupuri de literese pot pronuntadiferit ~ipentrua ~ticum sa Iepronuntaticorect,ceamai indicatamodalitateestede a ascultacuatentiecum vorbescenglezii.
Aici va suntprezentatecatevaregulicareva VOl' ajutasapronunta!icorect litereleal carol'sunettrebuieInvatat.Atentie Inschimb: pronuntareaIn englezadifera, existandmu]teexceptii.
Vocalele
..1~CLLt)))
'...Ghid de pronuntare englez
4 1Gasiti toatecuvintelecitateIn exemplela vocabularulde lapaginile59-64.
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Glosar
ch sepronunFi"tch":church~i"1(;'dupa"s":school.
g sepronuntagi Inaintealui "e"sau"i": orange;altfeJ,g sepronuntanormal:bag,go,garden;un"u" 'IIpoateIntari:guess.
gh sepronuntauneori"f':enough,jaraiteorinusepronuntadeIoc:straight,light.
ngnusepronun!afoartedistinct;multecuvinteseterminaIn "ing",aceastatermina!iepronun!andu-secaun"n" nazalizat:sing,bring.
h sepronun!aaproapeIntotdeaunaIn engleza:here,holiday,hello.
j sepronunta"g" caIn ger,jumper.
kn sepronunta"n" ("k"-ulnusepronuntaaici):knOw.
1& II sepronun!aca I-ul dinvila:ill. holiday;Iedela sfar~itulunuicuvantsepronun!a"al" ca~iInmamaliga:table.
qu sepronunta"k": quick,quiet.
r-ul dinenglezasepronuntaaproa-pecaIn romana:river,forest.
Er sepronunra"a"candseaflalasfar~itu]unuicuvant:mothel;fathel;brother
Terminariaour sepronunrala fel (a):flavour2.
s sepronuntacaIn ceas:house.forest;cateodata(maialeslasfar$ituJ
2 In AmericaaceasHiterminatiesescrieor.
cuvantului)sepronunra"z"-zebra:is,clothessau"j" caIn joc:treasure.
shsepronun!a"~"caIn ~arpe:shop,show.
th sepronuntacaunfel de"t" pu~nandlimbaIntredinri,Iasandaerulsaiasau~orpegura:the.this.
tion sepronunra"$an":expedition.'
w sepronun!a"u" caIn uituc:want,away.
wh sepronuntacateodata"u" iaralteoricaunh englezescfoarteaspirat:who.
x sepronunracateodata"gz"exit;iaralteori"ks":expel,fax.
y sepronunta"i" purinalungit:crayon,you;uneoriscurt:nearly,ready,stOlY;iaralteorisepronunra"ai" caIn cobai:by.
Variante:
AtatIn MareaBritanie,cat~iInRomania,existamaimu]teaccenteregionale.lndicariiledemaisuscorespundenglezeistandarddinzilelenoastre,fiind prezentataa~acumestevorbitaIn sud-estulAngliei.
Mai exista$ialteaccente- cumarfi celal englezeiamericanevorbiteIn America(undeoI1ogranereava-riazaIn compara!iecuceaaMariiBritanii).
Acesq~1osal'-vaprezintapescurtprincipaliitermenigramaticalidinaceastacm1e.
substantivul:cuvantcaredenume$telucruri,fiinre.ExempIu:$oarece.pronumele:cuvantcaretineIoculunuisubstantiv.Exemplu:ea.almeu.subiectul:substantivsaupronumecaresuferaaqiuneaexprimatadeverb.Exemple:$oarecelemananca.Ea mananca.
complementul:substantivsaupro-numecaredeterminaunverb.Elpoaten direct:Eamanancabran-za.~iindirect:Ea Ii dasuroriisalebranza.
adjectivul:cuvantcaredescrieunsubstantiv.ExempIu:Ea estegrasa.
verbul: cuvantcareexprima0aqiunesau0stare.Verbulsecon-juga,adicasepunela forme~itimpuri diferite,conformsubiectu-Iui $imomentuluiIn carearelocaqiunea.Exemple:eamananca;eimancau;euvoin.infinitivul: formadebazaaverbu-lui. E formapecare0 areverbulcandnue conjugal.ExempIu:manca.a fugi.adverbul:cuvantcaredeterminaunverbexprimandcaracteristici(In timp,spariu,etc.).E-xemple:Ea manancarepede;Ea vamancamaine.
DO
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9substantive,eOricarear fi genulsubstantivului,inengleziiyetiadiiugathepentruaaliiculasubstantiveIe.Exemple:thebridge(podul); thetower(turnul);theairport(aeroportul).
Un ~i0 setraducprina in fatauneiconsoane~ian in fatauneivocale.Exemple:a bridge(unpod);anairport(unaeropOli).
Pluralul substantivelor
Majoritateasubstantivelorprimescuns la plural:bridges(poduri)l.The aparein farasubstantivelor laplural - darnuintodeauna.
Intrebuintamthedindvorbimdesprelucruriconcrete(thebridgesofBridgetown- poduriledinBridge-town).CandvorbimdesprelucruI'inenumarabilenuutilizamthe.(1likesweets- imi p]acdulciurile).
6 I 1PluraluIsubstantivelorcareseformeazadiferitvaesteexplicatla pag.49.2 In propozitiileinterogative~inegativesomevafi lnlocuitcuany.
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Cuvinte noi
bridgesweetmarkettowercastlecinemapostofficeswimmingpoolchurch3station
campsiteairportcoasttownportriverlakevillagemountainmaphousecafefarmhotelforestisland
podbomboana
piataturncastelcmemaoficiu po~talpiscinabisericagaraloc decampingaeroportcoasta(Ja mare)ora~portdiulacora~el,satmuntehartacasacafeneafermahotelpadureinsula
,~~~~._----------"Exista unlo" i "iata"
Pentruexista,seafla un/oyomspunethereis (sauthere's)la singu-
lar ~ithereare la plural.Exemple:thereisa lake(este/seafla unlac...); therewe lakes(sunt/seaflalacuri...).
Candyremsaspunemiata yomutilizatot thereis lare. Candnereferimla unobiectcareseaflaprinapropiere,vomspunehereis (sauhere's)4la singular~ihereare la plural.
La familia Fruitcake
Pentru un motiv necunoscut,bar-battil din spatelelui John ~i-alJuiSusy prive~te~iretinedrumulcareduce la familia Fruitcake. EI
a gasitdeja primele ~asepunctede repercare indica drumul de laaeroport.Cautati-Ie pe celelate~asealcatuind 0 lista in englezaCtinandcont de a, an).
3 La plural:churches.4 Is lnseamnaeste.In limbavorbita,selntrebuinteazaformacontrasas (vezipag.8).
look!it is, it'sthereis, there'sthereare(pI)hereis, here'shereare (pI)yesnotooandtwogreatwhat'sthat?
priYe~te!este,exista(acolo)este,seafla(acolo)sunt,seafla(aici)este,seafla(aici)sunt,seaflada
nudeasemenea~l, lardoi,douaminunatce esteaceea?
Cheia replicilor
-John, look!John priYe~te!-It's thecoast!E coasta!-Ohyes! There'sa towntoo!$iacolomaieste~iun ora~!-It:'aport.EsteunpOlio-A river! Un rau!-A lake!Un lac!-A village!Un sat!-Oh,mountains'Oh,chiar~imunti!-Look!ThereSBridgetown.PriYe~-te!Acolo esteora~ulBridgetown.
-Yes,therearethebridges... Da, acolosuntpodurile...-andthetwotowers.~iceledouaturnuri.-Oh, here'stheairport' Oh, iata(aicie) aeroportul.-Great!Sweets.Minunat'Dulciuri!-What'sthatSusy?Ce ai acoloSusy?-It's themap.Harta.-Andhere'stheFruitcakehouse.$iiata~icasafamilieiFruitcake.
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Adjectivele i primele notiuni despre verb
ellea are
euamtu ai/voi aveti. 'nOl avemei/ele au
Prezentulverbului tohaveestehaverespectivhas.Deseori, inanumitecontexte,seadaugagot:
To have,to havegot(a avea)
bluesky
In engleza,1(eu) sescrie Intotdea-una cu majuscula.Jou inseamnaatattu,voi cat~idvs.EI ~ieaaudreptcorespondenthe~ishecandne referimla persoane.Cand vor-bim despre lucruri vom spuneit2WeinseamnanoL Theyinseamnaatatei cat~iele.
"Eu", "tu", "el", "ea", etc.
()-~Thelje;feaholtJqy==~_O~; ,~;;;.;: ;.~~._'-""- .,
~
eu sunttu e~ti/voisuntetiel!eaestenoi suntemei/ele sunt
Jam
youarehe/she/itiswearetheyare
In engleza,adjectivelesepun Inain-teasubstantivului~isunt invariabi-Ie. Spreexemplu,cu green(verde)vom avea:a greencar (0 ma~inaverde)~igreencars(ma~iniverzi).Verbelein limbaenglezaIn engleza,verbelese conjugaa-proapela fel la timpul prezent(vezipagina 10).Anumite verbe,precumtobe(a fi) ~itohave(aavea)lseconjugadiferit. Le gasiti conjugatela timpul prezentpe urmatoareapagina.
To be(a fi)
J have(got)youhave(got)wehave(got)theyhave(got)
ffi{ - I've g~ta ~Hey, JOhn!A~~ ~~I I!. I h/~I.~} smallblack You'vegota .'; M "'. Ohyes,I've gota XI h~ssr;dt)l~ bag. tenttoo. ..4. ~ greentent.~,t:r ,..~~" J ..l ~(~.(i~ F/,r ~;' _tire~". ~,r,~ a bluebag".._/' ~" gree: bag~ ( ~ ."II~.1~~ ~=~~/1.9~""" l'l~Y /'w,' :d~",r-,-,*~,",~~.~.~r,.~~ Were znl~. Oh,he's.:'7:"~.."'''''~vv..t''.!" ~'1' ,'il~.'"'Ir:71;,;}~J~v0~i~~'J:,.!j,.. ~ ...Ij'~".w:'" ~"' Bridgetown..,~f\ tall. ;0"," VQ't 4. 0 I ,,~- J.
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Cine ce bagaje are? ~~~,Ati puteasa depistatiacestepersonaj~~"bapdadesenata~isa desco-periti cine ce bagajeare? SpunetiIn ehglezace fel de bagajearefie-care~iatribuiti-Ie elite0 euloare.Primul raspunseste:Hisbagisr~green.
"AI meul mea","altaul fa","alsaul sa"
latacumspunetial meu/mea,al Hiu/tain engleza.Cuviintulutilizatpentrualsaulsa,ai/alelor depindede lucrulsaupersoanadesprecarevorbiti.
my al meu/mea.ai mei/alemeIeyour almu/ta,aimiltale,alvostru/voastra,ai
vo~tri/voastrehis al sau/asa,ai sai/alesale(m)her al sau/asa,ai sai/alesale(f)its al sau/sa,ai sai/sale(obieetc)our al nostru/anoastra,ai/aleno~tri(e)their alia lor,ai/alelor
No, it :s all right.We'vegotyour
map.
Cheia replicilor
'I've gota smallblackbagAm 0geantamica~ineagra.'Hey,John! You'vegota tenttoo.Heilohn! $i tuai unCOli.'Oh,yes!I've gota greentent.Oh da!Am un COlideculoareverde.'Oh sony! Oh, scuzati.'Oh, hestall. Oh, ceinalteste.Ah... I'm tired...Ah... suntobosita.'A greensuitcase... a bluebag 0valizaverde...o geantaalbastra.'I've gotan oldgreenbag3Am 0vechegeantaverde.Youarekind!Thankyou... Suntetiamabila.Va multumesc.
Hello,Sarah?Its Susy.Alo, Sarah?Susylatelefon.We'rein Bridgetown.... SunteminBridgetown...No,it~all right.We'vegotyourmap.Nu, e in regula.Avemhmiavoastra.'My backpacksred.Rucsaculmeuero~u.'Heresyourbag.Aici egeantata.'No, its his bag Nu, aceastaegeantasa.'My suitcasesaregrey.Geamanta-nelemelesuntgri.'Heresyoursuitcase,Miss. lata,aiciestegeamantanuldvs.Domni~oara.
Cuvinte noi
carholidaysky4seasanddaytripbagtentsuitcasebackpackbriefcasegreenbluewhiteblackredgreyyellowpelfectclearwarmexcitingsmall,littlesorrytalltiredold
thanks,thankyoukindhelloinall rightMiss
~
ma~inavacantaeel'mare
nISlp .excurslegeantacortgeamantanrucsacgeantadiplomatverdealbastrualbnegruro?ugngalbenperfectlimpede,clarcaldut,caldextraordinarmic (a)pardon,scuzeinalt(a)obosit(a)(in context)vechi/e,batriin(a)va/ltimultumesc
amabil(a)buna,salutin
in regulaDomni~oara
3 Nu uitaticaunsau0 setradueprinan In fataunuicuvo'mtcareIneepeeu0 vocala.Acesteuvantpoatefi atatunsubstantiv(an airport- unaeroport)cat~iun adjectiv(an old bag- 0 geantaverde).4 Pluraluleste:skies. 9
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Timpul prezent al verbelor
To want(a dori, a vrea)
I'd like (a~dori/a~ vrea)
Prezentul continuu
timpului prezent.Acesta descrie0 actiune careare loc, sedesIa~oaraehiar in momentulvorbirii.
Prezentul continuu se formeazaell aJlItorul verbului tobe(vezi pagina 8)+)nfinitivul verbului-la care se adaugater-
minatia - ing.In continuare,va esteprezentatverbul towalkconjugat la prezentul continuu: I amwalking,
au/we/theyarewalking,he/she/itis walking.3
Pentru a spune ceeace doriti, yetiutiliza verbultowant(a dori, a vrea)care se conjuga la fel ca verbul towalkla prezentulsimplu (I/you/we/theywant,he/she/itwants).Towantnu se j'ntrebuinteazala aspectulcontinuu.4Pentru a spune ceeace doriti sa fa-ceti, folositi verbul towantalaturi deun infinitiv, spre exemplu: I wanttowalk (eu vreau samerg/sama~
I'd likealemonade.
In engleza,verbelesunt u~orde conjugat la prezent,dar lapersoanaa treia singular primesc un s. lata cum aratapre-zentul verbului towalk(a se plimba). l/you/we/theywalk,he/she/itwalks.IAcesta esteaspectulsimplu al verbului latimpul prezent,caracterizand0 actiunecareare loc deobicei, deseori sau niciodata.Totu~i,spredeosebiredelimba romana.in englezamai exista ~iun alt aspectal
Utilizarea eelor doua aspeeteale timpului prezent.
TrebuiesaretineticaIn engleza,oriceactiunecareesteIn cursdedesIa~U1:areserap0l1eazacontinuu.Exemplu:eudint(Inacestmoment)setraduce:[ amsinging,dar,dacaaceastapropozitie0 yetitraduce:[ sing(eucant)seintelelgecadese-orisaucateodata,prinunnarevare-feritila0 aqiunecareareloc repe-tatsaudincandIn cando
10 1 Verbelecarela infinitivseterminain ch, 5h, 55,X saua primesetermina\iaesin lac de5 la persoanaa treiasingular.Exemplu:togo (a merge),vomspunehegoes(el merge)2 IntinitivulTarato senumqteformadebazaa verbului.3 Formelecontrasealeverbuluitobe la prezentuleontinuu(vezi pag.8) seprezintain felul urmiitor:I'm walking,you/
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pelsajsoarepasaredrumColamasalimonadacea~cacuceai'Inghetatasucdeportocaleaparat.fotomagazmbaiatbicicletafiubarbatsecretcomoaraindiciubarca
a merge/aseplimbaa seuitalaa stralucia cantaa cauta..a ducecatre..a-i placeacuivacevaa platia vizitaa plecaa Inchiriaa ascunde'Incetprost,tampitfiti amabilaacesta/aceastacatre,la ...la umbrainghetat/avarogunde,'Incotroacumdarintotdeaunapustiu/edrag/asingur/apelangagol/goalamarefoartebogat/aintaiInaintedetoatecubine,adio
tolook attoshine*tosing*tolookfortolead*tolike
topay*tovisittogo*tohiretohide*slowlystupidexcusemethistoin theshadeice-coldpleasewhere?nowbutalwaysdesertdearaloneonnearemptybigveryrichfirstfirst of allfarewell
Cuvinte noi
landscapesunbirdroadCoketablelemonadecupof teaicecreamorangejuicecamerashopboybikesonman5secrettreasureclueboat,ship
to walk
Scrisoarea misterioasa
Susy a observatca un Domn a la-satsa-i scape0 foaiedehartie.
Rididind-o de pejos, observacaesteyorba despre0 scrisoareInve-chita. 0 persoanafoarteobosita
trebuies-o fi scris, mcandciitevagre~eli(~aseIn total).Ati putea-o
rescriecorectandgre~elile~itncercandsa 0 traducetiIn
romana?
juice.Oorim0 inghetata~iun sucdeportocale.I'd likea lemonade.A~dori0limonada.And I'd likea Coke,please.Iar eua~dori0 Cola,va rog.I'd like topay,please.A~vreasaplatesc,varog.Wheresmycamera?Undeeaparatulmeudefotografiat?Now I'wantto lookat theshopsinBridgetown.$i acumvreausavadmagazineledin Bridgetown.Butwealwayslookat theshops.Oarintotdeaunaneuitamlamagazme.Theboyswantto visitthecastle.Baietiidorescsavizitezecastelu!.We;vanttohire twobikes.Oorimsainchiriemdouabiciclete.
A desertIs/and 1893
o
Farewell
FerdinandFruitcaKe
Cheia replicilor
t1y dearson Joseph,
/ ama old man./ are aloneon mydesert Islandandmyhousenear
BridgetownIs empty.I has a secret big. I am velJl rich. Now my
treasureIs your treasure.t1yhousehidethe first clue.Rrst of a//
you'reloof/ngfor twoboat.
You'rewalkingtooslowly.Mergipreaincet.I'm lookingat thelandscape,stupid!Admir peisajul,tampitule."Ohyes,thesunsshining... Intr-adevar,soarelestraluce~te......andthebirdsaresinging...iarpasarilecanta.Excuseme,wearelookingforBridgetown.Fiti amabiH'i,cautamBridgetown.-ThismadleadstoBridgetown.OrumulacestavaduceinspreBridgetown../ wanta tablein theshade.Ooresc0masala umbra../ wantan ice-coldlemonade.A~dorio limonadacugheata.He wantsa cupof tea. El dore~te0cea~cacuceai.Wewantan icecreamandanorange
we/they'rewalking,he/she/its walking.4 Uneleverbe,cumarfi towant,nuseutilizeazapracticniciodatala prezentul 11continuu.Vezi listadela pag.20.5 Pluralul:men.
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In engleza,pentruaspunecui ceIi apartineseadaugaun's posesorului.Exemple:Sarahscat (pisicaluiSarah),thedogsbowl(farfuria catelului),thisjumperis Sarahs (acestpuloveresteallui Sarah).La plural,candnumeleposesoruluiseterminaIn s, seadaugadoarapostroful:thedogs'bowl(farfuria dii-nilor).! In engleza, posesorulprecedelucrulposedat,acestaneavandarticolln fatasa.
Genitivul in '5
This, these~ithat,those
Thisdescrieunlucrudinapropiere~iInseamnaacesta/aceasta.La plu-ralvomspunetheseadicaace~tia/acestea.Exemplu:Thisbagisgreen(Aceastageantaeverde).Thatdescrieunobiectdindepartare~iInseamnaacela/aceea,iar la plu-ral thoseInseamnaaceia/acelea.Exemplu:Thatbagisyellow(Geantaaceeaestegalbena).
Acesta/aceastaeste
Pentruacesta/aceastaesteutiIizamfie it is (sauthis/thatis) fiehe/she/itis. Utiliziimit is (sauthis/thatis)
intelesurileparticulei'5
Nu confundati's - mareaposeso-rului(ca in Sarahscat - pisicalui Sarah),euformaeontrasaaverbuluitobe('S = is) tohave('s =has)sautohavegot('s got=hasgot)- vezipagina8.
pentru0 identificare~ihe/she/itispentrureluareauneiideiete.Exemplu:Whois that?It sRobert.Hesmybrother.(Cine esteacela?AcelaeRobert [identificare].Efratelemeu[reluare]).Pentruidentifieareatiputeaspune~iThatsRobert.
Aici este~iacolo este
Aici este~iacoloestesespunehereis ~ithereis.2Totu~i,putqiutiJizathisis ~ithatis (acesta/aceastaeste)~i(acela/aceeaeste)candvaprezentatiprieteniisauunlueru.
12 1Dac1\posesorulesteun substantivcarearepluralulneregulat(man,men- biirbat, biirbati) adilugam'soExemplu:themen'sshirts (ciimii~ilebarbatilor) 2 Vezi pagina7.
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~ ...~
....... '.... ".. :.:,...- \I "
~ .. ,~~.~., ...
Denumireahainelor .Jclothes(PI) hainetrousers(PI) pantaloni(blue-)jeans(PI) blugi !shorts(PI) pantaloniscurtiskat fUstadress3 rochietracksuit trening;umper pulovershirt cama~aT-shirt tricousweatshirt sveterdebumbac;acket vestasuit costumsock cioraptights(PI) pantalonishoe pantoftrainers(PI) adida~iboot cizmahat palarie
Cheia replicilor
-Hello. We'reSarahsfriends. Buna,suntemprietenii lui Sarah.oHello. I'm her mother.Buna, eusunt mamaei.oMy name is Emma... and this isour dog, Softie.Ma numescEmma...iar acestaesteciiinele nostru Softie.oWhosecat is that? AI cui estepi-soiul acela?oHe is Sarah S. His name is Fangs.Esteallui Sarah~isenume~teFangs.oHereare thebedrooms:myparents'room,... lata dormitoarele:cameraparintilor mei, ....omyroom and... cameramea ~l...othelodger sroom... camerachiri-a~uIui.oThis is myfavourite room. lata ca-merameapreferata.oIt smy mothersstudio. E atelierulmarne!mele.That is anoldpaintingof FruitcakeHouse. Acela esteun vechi tabloual re~edintieiFruitcake.
Cui iiapartin...?Cauta!i acestenaine"lnimagini ~ispecifica!i cui Ii apar!in.(lata pri-mul raspuns:This~tracksuitisSarahs).
Whose? InseamnaaI/a cui. De~i .to belong Inseamnaa apartine,de obicei se utilizeazato be (a fi).Exemplu: Whosejumper is this?(AI cui esteacest pulover?)
Whoseschimbaordineacuvintelor
In propozi!ie. Deseori, substantivulse punedupawhose,this ~ithat:Whosejumper is that?
-This is a portrait of Sarah sgrandfather,Frederick. Acestaesteportretul bunicului lui Sarah,Frederick.
oOhno, itsScoff, the neighbours'goat! Oh nu, eScoff, capraveci-nilor!-Whose clothes are these?Ale cuisunt acestehaine?-They're my brotherS. Sunt alefratelui meu.oandthisjumper... iar acestpulo-ver...oIts thebuilderS. Est~al zidarului.-Jlike theseglasses. lmi placace~tiochelari.oThey'reSusys. Sunt ai lui Susy.-Whose is this shirt? A cui esteaceastacama~a?oIts Johns. Este a lui John.4oAndthesebinoculars? Dar acestbinoclu?oThey'reJohns too. Este tot alluiJohn.
Cuvintenoi
catdogbowlfriendparentmotherfathergrandfathergreat-grandfatherbrothersisterbedroomroomlodgerstudiopaintingportraitneighbourgoatbuilderglasses(pI)binoculars(pI)tool
mynameishis/hernameis
to belong(to)
who?whose?poorfavourite
pisicacainefarfurieprieten/aparintemamatatabunicstrabunic
fratesoradormitorcameralocataratelierstudiopicturaportretvecin/acaprazidarochelaribinocluunealta
manumescel/easenume~tea apartine
cine?aI/acui?sarac/apreferata
3 Plural:dresses.4 De~iraspunsulJohn's estecorect,In englezaformaprescurtataIn it'semaidesIntrebuintaHi.13
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Dacanucunoa~temnumelepersoanei,putemspuneSir (domnuIe)~iMadam(doamna).Totu~i,Sir ~iMadamsuntrareorifolositein englezavorbita.
Imperativul11imustIn engleza, imperativul indica un ordin sau un sfat, avanddoar a singura forma. La toateverbele, aceastaforma esteidentica cu radacina verbala (infinitivul lara to).Exemplu:Imperativul verbului to beestebe(fii, fiti).
Misteri Missus
Mister~iMissusinseamnaDomnuIe,DoamnaiarprescurtatsevorscrieMr. ~iMrs.,niciodatanuvomspuneMr. sauMrs.taraaadauga~inumeledefamilie.
Sa fiu, sa mergemetc.
Pentruaspunesa fim, samergemetc.yomadaugalet'sradaciniiverbaIe.ExempIu:let'sbe(satim)let:~walk(hai sa neplimbam/mergem).;...----
Careful.'Goslowly!
Mustexprima0 obligatie(trebuie!),esteinvariabil,tiindurmatdever-bulla intinitiv(tarato).Exemplu:[mustleave(trebuiesaplee).
Youmustvisiteverything:theoldchurch,thecaves,
Fishport...
In engleza,unalt auxiliarmodalin afaralui mustestecan (aputea),conjugiindu-seidentic.Auxiliarelemodalesuntinvari-abile(nuprimescs la persoana
a treiasingular)~isunturmatedoarderadacinaverbaIa.Exemplu:He cankeeptherope(EI poatetine funia).
14 1 Litera"s" de la finalnu sepronun(a.2 Gasiti verbelereflexivelapag.24.3 Pentrua fi politicosin engleza,utilizaticuvinteleMrs. (doamna)Mr. (domnule)sauMiss. (domni~oara).
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primul/aaI doilea/adouaal treilea/atreiadreptinainteluati-ola stanga..,luati-oladreapta...(a seafla)a fi pe
stanga(a seafla)a fi pe
dreapta
firstsecondthirdstraightahead(turn/go*) left(turn/go*)right(tobe*) on the
left(tobe*)on the
right
-Seeyou late!:Pe curand.-Youmustshutthegate.Trebuiesainchizipoarta.-Turnleft... Ia-o la stanga...-andtakethefirst pathontheright.~iia-opeprimastradala dreapta.-Softie,comehere!Softie,vino aiei.-ThismustbetheFruitcakehouse.Aceastatrebuiesa fie re~edintaFruitcake.-!mustfind thatcluefast. Trebuiesagasescrepedeacelindiciu. A-First, let:Sfind thatnailfile. Intai iasagasescaceapila deunghii.-Bequiet!Tacidin gura.-Theselocksmustbeveryold.Acestelacatetrebuiesafie invechite.-Bequiet,you horribledog!Tacidingura,caineafurisit!
a mergea (0) ~uala...a vema urmaria intoarcela...
Cuvinte noi
rope
funieto do* thea facegate
poarta,gardshoppingcumparaturisight
priveli~tetofind*a gasi,acave
pe~tera descoperinailfile
pila deunghiilock
IacatMr.domnulMrs.
doamnatokeep*
a pastracarefulatent/ato throw*
a aruncaslowlyIncetto be*quiet
a taceacalmcalm/atowatch*out
a fi atent/aquietsilentios/oasatopull
a tragequicklyrepedetoshut*,
a Inchideseeyou laterpecurandto close
hereaicito hurry
a segrabifastrepedeto leave* a plecahorribleoribil, afurisit
Cum ne orientam
Deseori, imperativulajuta la indicareadrumului. lata ni~tecuvintecareva VOl' ajutasa dati ~isa 'il1te1egetiunele instruqiuni.street strada tocross atraversa(main)road ~osea tocarryon a continuapath drumsquare piatajunction intersectietrafficlights(pI) semaforpedestrian zebra
crossingtogo*to take*to come*tofollowto turn
cS>
Cheia replicilor-Carefitl!Go slo'wly!Atentie!Mergiinceti~or!-Keepcalm,Scoff.Pastreaza-ticalmuI,Scoff.-Throwtherope.Aruncafunia.-Bequiet,Softie.Softie,tacidingura!-Watchout!Fii atent!-OK, let:Spull...NOW! OK, satra-gem...ACUM!-Shutthegatequickly,Mrs. Penny!DoamnaPenny,Inchidetirepedegardul!-Please,hul'lY!Va rog,grabiti-va!-Youmustvisiteverything:theoldchurch,thecaves,Fishport...Trebuiesavizitatitot:bisericaveche,pe~te-rile, Fishport...-1mustdotheshoppinginFishport.TerbuiesafaccumparaturileinFishport.
Drumul spre biserica veche
Dupa ce au luat-o pe prima stradala dreapta,Sarah,Susy ~iJohnsuntaici. Ca sa ajungaIa vecheabisericaei au nevoiede cinciindicatii. Dati-vii dreptSarah,~ioferiti-le acesteindicatii. Prima:Crossthemainroad.
15
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PropozitiileInterogativeExistadouamodalitatideapune0intrebarein engleza.Cu tobe~iauxiliarelemodale(must~ican),formam0 intrebarepunandsubi-ectuldupatobesauauxiliar.Exemplu:AmI late?(Am Intar-ziat?);MustI walk?(Trebuiesamergpejos?)
Exemplu:Do I crosshere?(Traver-sezaid?); Doesshewantan icecream?(Dore~teea0 inghetata?)
Can
Auxiliarulmodalcaninseamnaaputea,a fi capabil,aaveapermisi-uneadea...La fel camust,can
esteinvariabil~iesteurmatdeunverb(tarato).Canmaiin-seamnaa ~ti(CLl intelesuldeasepricepelaceva).Exemplu:I canwalk(potsa merg);I cango out(Am voiesaiesafara); J canswim(~tiusaInot - suntcapabil).
Cuvinteleinterogative
latacuvinteleinterogativecareartrebuiinvatate:
La celelalteverbe,utilizamdo(doesla persoanaatreiasingular).Do (saudoes)sepuneinainteasubiectului.
propozitiiinterogative.Exemplu:I wantsomebutter(Vreauni~teunt);Doyouhaveanybutter?(Avetini~teunt?).
Short answers (Raspunsuriscurte)
In in locdea raspundedoarcuyes(da)sauno (nu),sereiaauxiliaruldin intrebare.Exemplu:Doyoulikecats?Yes,I do. (W placpisicile?Da); Canyouswim?Yes,I can(~tiisainoti? Da).
Atatsome,cat~ianyinseamnani~te.Somesefolose~tedoarinpropozitiiafirmative,iaranyin
Some ~iany
In engleza,cuvinteleinterogativesuntinvariabile.CandIeutilizam,ordineacuvintelorramaneaceea~iin propozitie,fiecaavemuncu-vantinterogativsaunu.Exemplu:WhymustJ walk?(Decetrebuiesa mergpejos?); Whydoyouwanta coffee?(Decevrei 0cafea?)
cum?cate?1cat?unde?dece?cand?ce?care/pecare?cine?aI/acui?
howhowmany?howmuch?where?why?when?what?which?who?whose?
i
16 1How much?seutilizeazacu substantivelenenumarabileiarhowmany?cu substantivelenumarabile.Exemplu:How manyapples?(Clite mere?);How muchbutter?(Cat unt?).
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Cheia replicilor
~Hello,Mrs.Fruitcake.Buna ziuadoamnaFruitcake.oHello!Buna ziua.oDoyou haveapineapple?Avetiun ananas?oDoyouhavea basket?Aveti unco~?01wouldlikesixoranges,please.A~dori ~asepOliocaleva rag.oThesearemandarins.Acesteasuntmandarine.oDoyou likestrawberries?Itiplac cap~unile?oMayI havea taste?Pot sa gust?oExcuseme,canyoucarrythisbox?Fii amabil, poti duceaceastacutie?o Whyis thechemist'sclosed?Dece esteinchisa farmacia?oBecauseMrs. Tabletis ill.DeoareceDoamnaTablet estebolnava.oExcuseme,whereis thebaker's?Fiti amabil, undee brutaria?oOh!Is ita crab?Oh! E un crab?o Yes,iUs...Da...Howmuchdo thesecakescost?Cat costaacesteprajituri?Howmanyrollsdoyouwant?Cate chifle doriti?oDoyouwantan icecream?Vreio inghetata?oNo,butI'd likesomesweets.Nu,dar a~dori ni~tebomboane.o Whichflavourdoyouwant?Cearomapreferi?o Whatareyou lookingfor, Susy?Ce cauti Susy?Whereis it?Ah! Unde este?Ah!oSarah,canyouexplainthisletter?Sarah,poti explica aceastascrisoare?Is it ajoke?Eo gluma?oGreat!It'sa realtreasurehunt.Eo adevaratagoanadupacomoara.
a purtaa costaa explicatarziu~aseinchis/adeoarecebolnav/aadevarat
scnsoareglumagoanadupa
comoaraa ie~ia inotaa gusta
(Uitati-vala desenelede la pag.12).WhichroommustSarah,JohnandSusyvisit?
Cat costaaceastaprajitura?A~dori 0 inghetata.Ce aromeaveti?Imi Dutetida s~seDortocale,varo
togo*outtoswim*tohave*a
tastetocarrytocost*toexplainlatesixclosedbecauseillreal
letterioketreasurehunt
Sarah,canyouexplainthisletter?
ananasco~portocalamandarinacaNunacutiecafeauntfarmaciebrutariecrabmagicianprajiturachiflamagazmpainearoma
Sarah~tiecine a scris scrisoarea.Eacredeca ~tiecaree primul indiciu ~iundese afla el. Gandindu-sebine,John ~iSusy il descopera~iei. Darvoi? Raspundetila acesteintrebari~iyeti vedea:Whois FerdinandFruitcake?Whataretwoships?
pineapplebasketorangemandarinstrawberry2box3coffeebutterchemists4bakerscrabmagiciancakerollsupermarketbreadflavour
2 Pluralul:strawberries.3 Pluralulboxes.4 Cande vorbadespredenumireamagazinelor(brutarie),in locul expresiilorbakers shopetc.(magazinulbrutarului etc.)vompunedoarbakerS,butcherS.5 Do you have?Semaipoatespunehave
I') r: .. f " f,.( 7. I;, 1.,.on nn ...,..,,-,:nnntn n"'l1"r"l 'nnn In" (n !fI (1 (it onf?'
Incercati sa traducetiacestepro-pozitii in engleza:Unde estemagazinul?Aveti paine?
Cuvinte noi
Care este mesajul scrisorii invechite?Odihnindu-se in fatavechii biserici, Sus)' i~iaminte~tede scrisoa-rea pe carebarbatula scapat-o...----------
Whatareyoulookingfor, Susy?
-
~ PropozitiilenegativePentru a construi0 propozitienegativayom utilizanot(nu). Daca avemtobe,mustsaucan,notse vapunedupa tobesauauxiliarul modal.Exemplu: Heis nottired(EI nu eobosit).La celelalteyerbe,yomaveado(doesla persoanaa treia) urmatdeun not.Exemplu:Shedoesnotlikedogs(Ei nuii plaedinii).
In englezavorbita,notare~i0 fonna contrasa.Exemplelede mai sus devinastfel:He isn'ttired;Shedoesn'tlikedogs.(Vezi ~iformelecontrasedin josulpaginii).
Nothing!?i Nobody
Nothing(nimie)~inobody(nimeni)au functia desubiect(Nobodyis singing- nimeninu canta)~icomplementdirect (I wantnothing- nu doresenimie).Totu~i,ca ~icomplement,e mai corectsautilizati not... anything(nu... nimie)~inot... anyone(nu...nimeni).Exemplu: 1donotwantanything(nudoresenimie).
Formecontrasecu not
Imperativulnegativ
Can +notse scrie cannot,forma sacontrasafi ind cant
Be quiet,Softie,youmustn'tbark
so loud.
eontrageredonrdoesnrisnrarenrmustnrhavenrhasnr
lata contragerilecu notcaretrebuie~tiute:
formaeompletadonotdoesnotis notarenotmustnothavenothasnot
In engleza,pentrua spunenieiun ~iniei 0 yeti utiliza urmatoareJecuyin-te: nota ~inotany.Exemplu: I donothavea dog(nu am un caine).Idonothaveanydog(nu amnid uncaine).Nota ~inotanyse Intrebu-inteazadoar In propozitiile negative.
Pentrua interzicecuiva un lucru, seIntrebuinteazadonot+verb.Exemplu~Do notclosethedoor.(Nu inchide/ti u~a).Forma contrasafiind: Don't closethedoor.
18 1 In cazulto havegot (a avea)notsepunedupahave(sauhas la persoanaa treia)nu am nici un diine semaipoatedecispune:J havenotgot a dog.Contragerilesunthaven~$i hasn't.
-
Acum, Sarah~tieunde sa mearga.Oar voi?
Primul indiciu
The door isn'tlocked.U~anu esteinchisacu cheia.Sut thebikesaren'tthere.Oarbicicletelenusuntacolo.
Be quiet,Softie,you mustn'tbarksoloud.Taci Softie,nu latraa~adetare.Whatareyou looking/or? Cecauti?Thereisn'tanybodyhere.Nu enimeniaici.There'sa burglar in thehouse.Incasae un infractor.Whatships?I can'tjind anyships...Ce feI debarcii?Nu gasescnici abarca.Good evening,darling.Hi, Dave'Bunasearadragulmeu.Salut,Dave!Hello, darling... Oh,damn'Bunasearadragamea... La naiba!Therearen'tanyaspirins.Nu avemnici a aspirina.Yes,I know.That~becausethechemist'sis closed... ~tiu.deoareceeinchis Ia faJmacie.I don'thaveanything.I havenoaspirins,noplasters... Nu amnimic.Nici aspirine~inici plasture.Hi, everyone!Salut,la toatalumea!Oh,pleasedon'tlook thisway' Oh,va ragnu va uitatiintr-aici.Here arethetwoships.lataceledouabarci.Oh, there'sa manoutside.Oh, afarae unbarbat.Sarah,who'sthatman?Sarah,cineestedomnulacela?I don'tknow.Nu ~tiu.It isn'tDave, thelodge!:..Nu eDave,chiria~ul...Oh I know,it mustbethebuilde,:Oh ~tiu,trebuiesa fie zidarul.But thebuilderdoesn'tweara suit.Oar zidarulnu pomiacostum.Whereareyou? We'reeating!Unde sunteti?La masa(mfmcam)!O.K. We'recoming.O.K. venim.Look! Theyaren'texactlythesame.Priviti! Nu suntchiarasemanatoare.
a pUrta(haine)a manca
inchis/aacoloa~adar,decitarebunasearabuna,salutla naiba!toatalumeapeaici/intr-aiciafaraexactacela~i/aceea~i/asemanator/oare
to wear*to eat*
lockedtheresoloudgoodeveninghidamneveryonethiswayoutsideexactlythesame
a latraa ~ti,a cunoa~te
u~ainrractorapacheiedrag/aaspirinaplasturecaJie.dejoczarunlumanarecartepalarie
Oh I know,itmustbethe
builda
But thebuilderdoesnY weara
suit.
to barkto know*
TherearenY anycards.
Cuvinte noi
doorburglarwaterkeydarlingaspirinplaster(playing)carddice(pI)candlebooktophat
2 Can seutilzeazadeseoriin engleza(vezipag.20) 19
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~ Catevaverbe de exceptielata verbelecarear trebui invatate:Dupacumamvazutla pagina
10,in englezaavemdouaaspectealetimpuluiprezent:simplu~icontinuu.
Totu~i,existauneleverbecarenuseutilizeazaniciodatalaprezentulcontinuu,ci doarlaprezentulsimplu.
tobelieve(in)tobelong(to)toguesstohatetohear*toknow*to liketo love
toneedtoprefer
a crede(In)a apartinea presupunea uria aUZl
a ~tia place cuiva cevaa iubi
a aveaneVOle
a prefera
to realize
torecognizetoremembertosee*toseemtosmell*tosupposetounderstand*towant
a realiza,a-~idaseama/dea recunoa~tea-~iamintia vedeaa pareaa mirosi1a presupunea intelegea dori, a pofti
Someinseamna ni~te,intr-opropozitie afirmativa. Intr-opropozitie interogativa, seutiJizeaza any (vezi pagina 16).Precedat de not (negatie), anyse traduce prin a nu ... (vezipagina 18).
Totu~i, in engleza, some:;;ianypot fi omise, folosindu-se doarsubstantivul: I want butter(vreau unt); Do you wantbutter? (dore~tiunt?); 1don~want butter(nu doresc unt):
Tohavemai are~ialte sensuripeliingii a avea.Printre altele,Inseam-na a lua,a serviceva Intr-o cafeneasau un restaurant.Exemplu: I'mhavinga steak(servesc0 friptura).
Can (continuare)
Can (vezi pag. 16)estedes folosit.Verbelede simt se utilzeazaderegulacu can~ianume:tofeel (asimti),tosee(avedea),tosmell(amirosi)l,tohear( a auzi),totaste(a gusta),cat~ito understand(aintelege)~itoremember(a-~iaminti).
tofin ishto tasteto bring*toget*out
delicioussimplyrightenoughthatis enoughrightaway
pu~ti,copilcuvinteincruci~ateuntfripturabranzacartofiprajitilegumafotografiesupaeeai
gaina .acopen~cheie
aterminaa gllstaa aducea ie~iafara
deliciospur~isimplllcoreet,exactdeajllnsestedeajunsimediat
I'ho 1A simtipoatefi tradllsprinurmatoareleverbe:tosmell(amirosi,asimtiunmiros)~itofeel (eusensuI deaatingeceva,deatrai unsentimentsausenzatie).
-
I don~eatvegetables.
Whatarethosekidsdoing?I simply
can~understand.
Cheia replicilor
.J loveyou.Te iubesc.Mmm... It smellsdelicious.Miroasedelicios.Thekidsarefinishingyour icecream.Pu~tiii~iterminainghe~ata.Be quiet.I'm doingthecrossword.Taci.Fac cuvinteincruci~ate.Whendoyou wantto leave?Cindvreisaplecam?Sheshavingcheese.Ea serve~tebranza.
...Andwhyaretheytaking
photographs?
Areyou havingchipstoo?Mananci~itu cartofipraji~i? ,Ohyes!J lovechips.Oh da!Imiplaccartofiiprajiti!J don'teatvegetables.Nu mananclegume.Whatarethosekidsdoing?I simplycan'tunderstand.Ce faccopiiiaeeia?Pur ~isimplunuinteleg....And whyaretheytakingphoto-graphs?~idece faepoze?
Watchout!Hesbringingsomesoup.Ai grija!Adueesupa.Right,thatsenough!Getoutrightaway!Gata,ajunge!Ie~i~iafaraimediat!Hey,we'regoing!Hei! Plecam!Hey,look!I've gotthenextclue.Ia te uita!Am gasitincaunindiciu!
Cuvinte incruciate
Pentrua rezolvarebusul,ve~igasiscrisin romane~teintreparanteze,cuvinteledecareavetinevoie.Traducerealor corect~vapermitesacompleta~igrila.
Orizontal1.I don'twantany(ceai).3. Theaspirinsare (acolo).5.I'd like(ni~te)cheese.6. (Aceste)tablesarein theshade.7.A (gaina)is crossingtheroad.9. Doesshewant(0) inghetata?
Her sweatshirtis (pe)thetable.
I10.(Ai tai) friendsarevisitingthecastle.2
3Vertical 41.Please(arunea)theropenow! 52. (EI) s lookingfor hiscamera. 63. Therearesome(barbati)on the 7ro~ 84. Haveyougot (ni~te)sweets? 95. (A cui) is thatmap? 107. He can't(a-~iaminti).8.Ohno,J havenYgot(aIiicolhot.)keys! Pentruarezolvarebusul,9. I lovethis(magazin). inlocuitiste]utelegasite~i10.Excuseme.doesthisroadlead to punetigriIape0 foaiedethe(aeroport)? hartie.
21
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1 Into inseamnain, sugerandschimbareaunui lac, lucru.Exemplu:He~'going intothehouse(EI intra in casa).2 Dacanu seprezintavreoschimbaredelac, pesetraduceprinon. On sauontosepotutilizacindarelac 0 schimbare,0modificarea uneiactiunisaustari.
oh, 1know!Come on, we'regoing to Tony:s.
Oh, no! The bald man!There, infront of the
fountain.~
Verbe cu particula
In engleza,multeverbeuzualesuntformatedindouaparti:unverbdebaza(el insu~ifoarteuzual,spreexemplu:to come- aveni, sautogo- amerge)urmatde0 pmiicula.Aceastaparticulaedeseori0 prepozitie.Exemple:to comeout (a ie~i);to go up (a urea,a seridica); to lookfor(a cauta).Doarverbulseconjuga,pmiiculacare11urmeazafiind invariabila.Exemple:He goes up thehill (el ureadealul);Can he comeout? (PoateI '?)e le~I..Dacase~tieatatverbuldebaza,cat~iparticula,deseorisepoateintelegesensulintregului,astfelto go up esteformatdin to go (a merge)~iup(sus).Totu~i,candinvatatiengleza,e indicatsaaprofundatiacesteverbetaraaseparaceledouaparti.Treptat,treptatvayetiobi~nui~iyetiajungesaintelegeti~isa~titisensulparticulelor.
dupaimpotrivapanalalainaintedupaintrede,langaaproapede,langadepartedepentrude lainin fata/ain
langade(apartenenta)pevizavidin...chiarlangaprin,de-alungullacatresub
panalacu
~Prepozitiile~iparticulele
afteragainstasfar asatbeforebehindbetweenbyclosetofarfromforfromininfront ofintoInexttoofon,ont02oppositeoutof(right)nearthroughtotowardsunderuntilwith
To i at
Atatto, cat~iat inseamnala. Toindicami~care(directionarecatreceva),iaratestestatic.Exemple:1'mgoing to themarket(Ma duelapiata);I'm at themarket(Suntlapiata).
Candplecatila cinevain vizita,yetiutilizato ~iat alaturideformapose-sivain's (Exemplu:John s - vezipag.12).To indicadirectia,iaratloculundevaaflati.Exemplu:I'mgoing to John S (maduela Johnaeasa);I'm atJohn S (suntla John).
---~,"' ...;
lataprepozitiilecaretrebuie~tiutein engleza:
-
Yes,I've got a magnifYingglass. It:S on the table, in
the attic.
Cuvinte noi
window
fereastrabuildingeladireexit
ie~ireanswerraspunswoman3
femeiequestionintrebare
gardengradinacowvaea
hilldeal
fountainfiinta.natogo* ina intra
school~eoaJatogo* upa urea
quay
ehei to come* outa ie~inet
piasa(depe~te)to come*downa eoborinote
mesaj,notatoput*a punebench4
baneato livea trai
magnifYinglupa baldehel
glass5
quickrepedehome
easa(domieiliu)OKOKfi'iend
prietencomeonhai!
atticpod
Cheia replicilor
Look throughthewindow!Uita-tepefereastra.Near theexit... nexttothewomanin red Langaie~ire... langafemeiain ro~u.It's themanfrom theairport!Ebarbatulde la aeroport!It's themanwiththeletter!Ebarbatuleuserisoarea!It's themanfrom thegarden!Ebarbatuldin gradina!It's thesameman!E aeela~ibarbat.Quickly!He mustwantourtreasure.Repede!Sigurvreaeomoaranoastra.Oh, no! The bald man! There, infront of thefountain. Oh nu!Barbatulehel!Aeolo, in fatafantanii.He'scomingdownontothequay.Coboarainspreehei.Quick,comebehindthisnet!Repede!Veniti in spateleaeesteiplase.It's OK! Gata,eOK!Right,put thenoteandthephotoson thisbench.Bun, aeu'punemesajul~ipozelepeaeeastabanea.Haveyougota magnifYingglass?Ai 0 lupa?Yes,butat home.Da, aeasa.Oh, I know!Comeon,we'regoingto Tony's.Oh, ~tiueefaeem!Haideti,mergemaeasala Tony.Tony'safriendHe livesoppositethestation.Tonye unamie.Loeuie~tevizavidegara.Yes,I've gota magnifYingglass.It's onthetable,in theattic.Da,amo lupa.E pemasa,in pod.
Acum Incercatisagasiti(afla!i)Incarecladiretrebuieei samearga~iterminatifraza luiSarah (celepat-ru raspunsurinusereferadecatla 0singuracladiredin FishpOlt.)
Cand prieterwT1iJfSarahgase~teInsfar~itqJup:1,Susy, John ~iSaraheitescbiletul (cuvantul) pe careJohn I-a gasit la han.Ei trebuiesaraspundala patruIntrebari.Dinfericire, fotografiafacutade Sarah
de pe bancavppsita,contineras-punsurile.Puteti,saIe gasiti petoatepatru (In engleza)?
3 Pluralul:women.4 Pluralul:benches.5 Pluralul:magnifyingglasses.
-
Cine, ce i pronumele reflexive
In engleza,nu avemverbereflexive. Tohideinseamnaatata ascunde,cat ~ia se ascunde. Totu~i,se poatepreciza ca actiunease revarsaasuprasubiectului verbului utilizand pronumelereflexive (vezi titIul):pentrua se rani yeti utiliza tohurt(a rani [peD +pronumelereflexiv:Don'thurtyourself(nuterani).Pronumele reflexive
What's the time?
La intrebarile Whats thetime?sau Whattimeis it (cat e ceasul?) rt\raspundetipunand:It is... (Este) urmatde: \:)one/two/threelfour(0 'clock) oraunu/doua/trei/patrul six(0 'clock)in themorning ora~asedimineata... intheafternoon dupa- amiaza... intheevening seara...midday/midnight amiaza/miezulnoptiia quarterpasttwo doua~iun sferthalfpasttwo doua~ijumatatea quartertotwo douaTaraunsferttwenty(minutes)pasttwo doua~idouazeci(deminute)tentotwo douaTarazece
La intrebareawhattime... ? (La ce ora...?) sepuneat (la) in fata orei:At one0 'clocksauAt one(La ora unu).
To get
Verbul togetaremai multeintelesuri.Alilturi de un complementinseamnaa primi, a obtine, a lua. AIteori,semnaleaza0 schimbare~ideseori0actiuneal carei efectse revarsaasuprasubiectului.Exemplu: togetdressed(a se imbdica), togetup(ase ridica).
In englezavorbitawho~iwhichsunt adeseainlocuite cu that,daracestanu se folose~tepentruper-soane.In plus, pronumelerelativedeseoriomis. Exemplu: ThebookI'm reading(Cartea pe care 0citesc).
Cine ~i ce
In romana,pronumelerelativ cinetine locul unei persoane,iar ce tinelocul unui obiect.Astfel, in engle-za, whotine locul unei persoane,iar whichtine locul unui obiect.Whomesteun alt pronumerelativcarepoateindeplini funqia decomplementdirect,dar rareori seface 0 distinqie intre who(subiect)~iwhow(complement). De regula,se utilizeazadoar who.
eu insumilinsamitu insutilinsatiel insu~i/eainsa~iinsu~ilinsa~i
noi in~inelinsenevoi in~iva/insevaei in~i~ileleinse~i
myselfyourselfhim/herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves
24 1Vezi tabelulell numerale,pagina58.
-
Themanwhoscuttingtheribbonis FrederickFruitcake.
25
a 'imprumutaa dormia spiHaa setrezia secu\casmgurbine'intelesbine 'searaaceastabinemamatatadeasemeneasimpatic/afOaI1e,cuadevaratdeobicei
a revel1la sedistra
tocome*backtohave*(lots
oj)funto borrowtosleep*towashto wake* uptogo* to bedonyour ownof coursewellthiseveninggoodMumDadalsonicereallyusually
What time does Susy wake up?What time does John wake up?What time do they go to bed?
And there~'thesignwhichis onall his
clues.
creioncoloratdesenperetecordonsemnideestudentvederea seimbracaa setrezia seplictisia simtia secalmaa citia lipsia rupeataia
crayondrawingwallribbonsignideastudentpostcardtoget* dressedtoget* uptoget*boredtofeel*tocalmdmvntoread*to be* missingto tear*upto cut*
Dear Mum and Dad,
We're having lots of fun here. The Fruitcake house is
great, and sarah's parents are nice. They'Ve also got areallY nice lodger, Dave, who's a student. They have acat, a dog, and some neighboUrS, who've got a goat.There are some bicycleS that we can borrow. We sleep inour tents which are in the garden, right near the house,but we eat, wash and get dressed in the house. I wake
up atsix in the morning, because the sun's shinningand the birds are singing, but John wakes up ateight!Weusually go to bed at half past nine or ten o'clock. DOyou like this postcard? It's of Fishport.XXXsusy
ovedere de la SusyA~teptandterminareaorelor pentrua examinaveeheafotografieeuamieii sai, Susy serie 0 vedere.Cititi-o ~iineereatisa raspundetilaintrebari (Alcatuiti propozitii in engleza).
Cuvinte noi
Who hasa goat?Where do Susy and John sleep?Where do they eatand getdressed?
Oh! Thatmustbethecluethatwe're
10okingf01:
Cheiareplicilor
WhyareYOil hiding?De cevaascundeti?Becausewegetboredatschool.Fiindcaneplictisimla ~coaUi. What'sthetime?Cate ceasul? It'seight,Miss. E oraopt,Domni~oara.And now? :;;iacum? It~a quarterpastnine.Estenoua~iunsfel1.Simon,whattimedoyougetup?Simon,Ja ceoratetreze~ti?At halfpastseven.La ~apte~ijumatate.Doyougetdressedonyour own?Te imbracisingur?Of course.Bineinteles.I don'tfeel well.Nu masimtbine.Right,calmdown!In regula,potoliti-va!Look,that~'thecrayonthat'smissing.Prive~te,e creionulcarelipse~te.Hey,that'sniydrmvingthatyou'retearingup.I-Iei,'imirupi desenu\.Oh! Thatmm:tbethecluethatwe're100kingfOl:Oh!Acestatrebuiesa fie indiciulpecare-Icautam.Lookattheoldphotoonthewall.Prive~tefotografiavechedepeperete.Themanwho'scuttingtheribbonisFrederickFruitcake.Cel caretaiecordonule FrederickFruitcake.And there'sthesignwhichis onallhis clues.:;;i iatasemnul,careseafla2asupratuturorindiciilor. Wecancomebackthisevening.Putemreveniin searaaceasta.Good idea!Bunaidee!
2 Tobesepoatetraduceprin "a segasi".
-
I'm lookingforthephoto because
it S not on the
wall any more.
baza a verbulLii.Exemplu: Theyare going to school tofind a clue.(Ei seduela ~coala,pentruagiisiun indiciu.)Alte doua locu-tiuni, careau acela~iintelesca to,sunt: in order to ~iso as to.
prezentulcontinuu. Exemple:Ialready know that (Asta~tiudeja).I know thatman (II cu-nosepeacelbarbat).
Observatie:pentrua ~tisa(a ficapabildeceva),se utilizeazacan. Exemplu:I can swim (~tiusaInot).
Right, we'retaking this to thepo/ice station.
To do ~ito make(a face)
Can J close up, Mr.Dixon?
To do serve~tedreptauxiliar inintrebari ~ifraze negative(vezipag. 16~i18),daracestamaiinseamna~ia faceCLiintelesuldea face0 activitate.Pentrua faceCLiintelesulde a fabrica seutilizeaza to make.
For/To
In engleza,pentrusetraduceCLIfor Totu~i,candvorbim despreuntel sau 0 intentiepentru,urmatdeun verb la infinitiv, se traducecuto. Acest to esteurmatde formade
To know inseamnaa !jti,acunoa~te.Acesta seutilizeaza laprezentLiIsimplu ~ifoarte rar la
Because thatshis briefcase.
Prezentul continuu (continuare)
Whatdo we do
to get in?
Because~iBecauseOf
Ca ~iin romana,in englezaseface 0 distinqie intre fiindd,caresetraducecu because,~idin cauza,caresetraduceCLIbecauseof
Aceste doua pagini va prezintautilizareaprezentuluicontinuuinengleza.Luati amintecain romana,pentrua sublinia desIa~urareauneiactiu!)i,Lltilizam"a fi pepunctulde". In englezase utilizeazapre-zentul continUll. "I'm eating" sepoatetraduce"Eu mananc",sau"Sunt pepunctuldea manca".
Yes.J 'mjustwrapping a broken
parr.
26 IPrezentlll simplll al verbllIlIi todo: l/yolI/lI'e/theydo, he/she/itdoes.
-
lata~aptefraze,careaufostImparriteIn douacolo~ne.Primele~apteparriseatlaIn stanga,iarultimelepaniIn dreapta.IncercarisaalciHuirifrazecompJete,utilizandbecause,becauseo/sau to.
The teachermustclose up do theshopping.Thepoliceman borrows a bike we're eating.lmust phone theserviceengineeJ: theneighbour:~goat.Theymustalways shut thegate theycan seean old photo ofTheyfind the clue... Ferdinand Fruitcake.Shesgoing to Bridgetown themachineis broken.Wecan't comenow it is late.
..follow theburglm:
Fraze amestecate
Cheia replicilor
Whoareyou? Whatareyoudoinghere?Cine sunteti? Cecautati aici?.,~..'I'ma serviceengineer3.I'm mendingthephotocopie'~pai... Sunt un reparator.Reparfotocopiatorul. Yes... I'mjust wrapping;abrokenpart. Da... Tocmaiasamblez 0 bucata rupta.So, is it OK now?Deci,acum e in regula?/;yes... Pai, da...Can 1closeup, /\111: Dixon?Pot sa inchid, d01l1nuleDixon?Yes,of course.Da,bineinteles.Whatdowe do togetin? Cefacem pentru a intra?Comethisway!Veniti peaici! Whatareyou doing,Susy?Ce faci Susy?Don'tbedaft.Nu fi tampit!I'm lookingfor thephotobecauseitsnotonthewall.Caut fotografia, fiindca nu maie pe perete.Toolate' Thebaldmansgottheclue!Prea tiirziu! Barbatulche! a descoperit indiciul!How doyou know?De unde~tii?Becausethatshis briefcase.Pentru ca aceeae servieta sa.
Right,we'retakingthistothepolicestation.Bine, 0ducem la politie.Its closed'E inchis!Right,wemustcomebacktomorrowmorning.B ine,trebuie sa revenim mainedimineata.
: Do YOl~knowthepoliceman?II cuno~tipe politist?}~s... He:~quitenice... Da...E un om destul de simpatico
a asamblaa inchidea intraa telefonatocmairupt/atampit, prostnU...mai multmainedestul de, foarte
towrapto closeuptogetintophoneiustbrokendaftnot..anymoretomorrowquite
mecaniculfotocopiellli(xerox)bucataperetepolitiadimineata
politistulma~inaprofesora repara
Cuvinte noi
serviceengineerphotocopierpartwallpolicestationmorningpoliceman2machineteacherto mend
: P".:n!::J:oo.'f'i''fIe,..3 Pentrua spunececacefacem.utilizamtobe (a fi). urmatdearticolulnehoUiriita (sau--=-~:e~_ =~fi ;0.'rap a a5ambla). al carol'infinitivsetcrminalntr-oconsoana.prccedat5,de0
- - J&~ ..nminlill27
-
1 Pronumele personale
[(eu)you(tu, voi)he(el)she(ea)it (el, ea)we (noi)they(ei, ele)
Se ~tiudejapronumelepersonalecare indeplinescfunqia desubiect:[(eu), you(tu, voi), he(el) etc. (vezi pag 8). In engleza,existapronumecareindeplinesc~ifunctia de complement.A~acum indica tabelul din dreapta,vom aveaacelea~ipronumecu
Locul pronumelorpersonale
in engleza,complementulexpri-matprin pronumepersonalsepunejupa verb. Exemplu:[ likeyou(Imi placi);Doeshelikeyou?(EI teplace?);[ don'tlikeher(Ea nu-mi place);Giveherthebook(Da-i cartea!)
Utilizareaa douacomplementediferite
Cand vrem sa utilizam doua com-
plementeexprimateprin pronumepentrua spuneDa-i-o!,trebuie
p-sco/??p/.?h'.?.?h'////gL?C/ L7L/pdverb, urmatde prepozitiato+complementulindirect: Giveit toher.
"Eu","tu"i "eile/e"
Pronumeleeu/mie,tu/tie~iei/elesetraducin englezaprin pronu-melepersonalcu functiede com-
Dupa cina...
28
functie de complementdirect~iindirect.Ca ~iin romana,unelepronumepot fi atiltsubiect,cat~icomplement.Tabelul va prezintaprin caractereingro~ate,pronume-Ie careau funqie de complement,diferentiindu-sede cele careinde-plinesc funqia de subiect.
plement.Exemplu: Givemethebook.(Da-micartea);Is ityou?(Tue~ti?);It s them!(Ei sunt!)
Probabil
Tnengleza,probabilse traduceprin maybesauperhaps.Se mai
Pronumelepersonalesubiect complement
directsauindirect
me (pe mine/mie)you(pe tine/voi)him (pe el/lui)her (pe ea/ei)it (pe el/peea)us (pe noi/noua)them(pe ei/ele/lor)
,~~w
poateutiliza ~iauxiliarul modalmight.Exemplu: He mighthavemyticket.(Probabil caare biletu!meu).Ca ~ialteauxiliare modale,mightesteinvariabil ~iesteurmatde radacinaverbala.
-
Ghieitoarea eartii po~tale
lata bucatiJedin ilustratape careSusy, Sarah~iJohn trebuies-oreeonstituie.Puneti-le In ordineacoreeta,reeopiati~arteapo~tala~itradueeti-oIn romana.
rz/J. g.,anl!BdJqd"',"'.
/i b-:
/1.
-
Verbelela trecut~iadverbeleCa ~ila prezent,In engleza,verbeleau purineforme la trecut.
Trecutul
Trecutul, descrieactiuni deja Inche-iate~iconcluzionate.Acesta cores--pundeperfectuluisimplu (exemplu:eu fusei, el se arunca asupra...) ~iperfectuluicompusdin romana,cand relateazaevenimentetrecute
(exemplu:am mers toata noap-tea)'. La pagina34 yeti observaca imperfectuldin englezaco-respundeimperfectuluidinromana.
La majoritateaverbelor,trecutule u~orde format: la toateformeleadaugatiedradacinii verbale2Astfel, towalk(a merge) seconjuga:J/you/he/she/it/we/theywalked.
Trecutullui to have~ito be
Trecutul verbelor tohave(a avea) ~itobe(a fi) esteneregulat,trebuindInvatat.Tohaveare 0 singuraforma:J/yo;t/he/she/it/we/theyha~d.Tobearedoua forme: J/he/she/itwas~iyou/we/theywere.
Imperfectulintr-o propozitienegativa
Folosirea unui verb la imperfectIntr-o propozirie negativaestease-manatoareCll ceade la prezent(Vezi pag. 18).Totu~i,do~idoessuntInlocuite cu did.Exemple: He wasnottired(EI nu era obosit); Shedidnotlikedogs(Ei nu Ii placeau cainii).In englezavorbita,notestedeseoriInlocuit cu forma sa contrasan~,formacarese punela sfiir~itulverbului sauauxiliarului did:He wasn~tired.Shedidn.~likedogs.
Adverbeutile
todayyesterdayyesterdayeveninglastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowalreadystilloftensometimes
aZItenasearaieri seara
alaltaierimaine
poimainedejaIncadeseoricateodata
Becausewe'relookingfor atreasure...
usually.normally de obiceithen,so deci, atunciwell binehere aicithere acoloover/aroundhere pe aici/acoloevelywhere pestetotsomewhere undevanowhere nicaieriluckily,fortunatelydin fericirereally cu adevaratvelY fomiemaybe poate,probabilalmost aproape
It smyfamilys.
301Re(ine(ica in romanarareoriutilizamperfectulsimpluin limbajuloral.2 Intinitivul fariito.Re(ine(icamulteadverbcIn englezaseterminaIn Iy. Totu~i.aten(ie:multeadjectiveseterminatotIn Iy. Exemple:friendly(simpatic.amical)~i
-
-So,wherewasthisbriefcase?Deci,undeeraaceastaservieta?-]t was in thestaff1'00m.Era incancelariaprofesorilor.-Andwhywereyou there?$i voideceeratiacolo?-Becausewe'relookingfor atreasure Deoarecediutam0comoara.-andtherewasa clueintheschoo/.~ila ~coalasegaseaunindiciu.-Whattreasure?Ce comoara?oft'smyfamity's.Apartinefami-liei mele.-Ah, ] see,andthiscrookwantstostealit... Oh, inteleg,iaracesttalharvreas-o fure.-Exactly!Theclueis an oldphoto.Exact!Indiciule 0 vechefotografie.-Thephoto,vasn'tthereanymorelastnight... Jeri searafoto-grafianu maieraacolo...-butthecrook'sbriefcasewasthere.darservietatalharuluieraacolo.-It's mostprobablytheteacher'sbriefcase.E foarteprobabilcaiiapartineprofesorului.-But no,thecrookhadit before.Sa nu,talharul0 avea~i-nainte.-That'senough!Youreallymustgo homenow.Ajunge!Acumchiarcatrebuiesamergetiacasa.-Quicklytakethisbriefcasebackto theschoo/.Ducetirepedegeantaaceastainapoila ~coala.-Toobad! Wemustcarryonwithoutthepolice.Cu atatmairau!TrebuiesacontinuamTarapolitie.-Luckilywe'vegotthebaldman:Saddress.Din fericireavemadresabarbatuluiche!.-Oh look,I've still gotthedimythatwasin theredbriefcase!Japriviti!maiamincaagendadinservietaro~ie.-]t was in mypocket.Era inbuzunarulmeu.
Cheia replicilor
afuraa duceinapoi
celmai..., foarteinaintecuatatmairiiutarasimpatic/adraaut/a1:>.costisitor/oare
Too bad! Wemust
canyon vvithoutthepolice.
mostbeforetoobadwithoutniceprettyexpensive
tosteat*10 take*back
4 I had a really pretty room.S MyparentswereVel))tired.6 The restaurantswerent vel)'expensive.
Quickly take thisbriefcase back to
theschool.
cancelarie(deprofesor)comoarafami1ieescroc,talharprofesor/oarabuzunarhotelplajarestaurant
Ghicitoare ilustrata
Fatacarepoarta0 cama~aroz Ii arataprieteneisale fotografiile de vacanta.Putetiatribui fie-carei imagini comentariulcorespunzi3.tor?
staffroom
Cuvinte noi
treasure(amily4crookteacherpockethotelbeach5restaurant
lOur hotel was small and reallynice.
2 Therewas a big garden.3 Thehotelwas velY closeto thebeach.
lovely(admirabi/).Retineticii uneleadverbe~iadjectiveauacelea~iforme.Exemplu:(ast(rapid/a - rapid, iute).4 Pluralul:(amilies.5 Pluralul:beaches.
-
Imperfectul (continuare)
La majoritateaverbelor,imperfectulseformeazadin radacinaverbala+ed.Totu~i,anumiteverbe au un imper-fect neregulat,caretrebuieinvatat.Acest imperfectesteacela~ila toatepersoanele(eu, tu, eI, etc.).De exemplu,imperfectulverbuluitomakeestemade:I made,youmade.hemadeetc.Multe verbe uzualesunt neregulate(vezi lista de maijos - la "Cuvinte
noi" un asterix Ie marcheaza).
Imperfectul intr-o intrebare
Daca utilizam un verb la imperfectIntr-o Intrebare,procedamIntocmaica la prezent(vezi pag. 16),dardo~j doessuntInlocllite cu did.Exemple: Wereyoutired?(Erai obo-sit?);Didyoulikethefilm? (Ti-apIacut fiImuI?)
"Nite"
Ni~tese traduceprin somesauany;someIn propozitii afirmative,~ianyin propozitii negative~iinterogative.Exemplu: I wantsome...(Dorescni~te...); I don'thaveany... (Nuam ni~te...); Doyouhaveany...?(Ai/aveti ni~te...?)
Imperfectul verbelor neregulate
lata ciitevaverbeneregulate,caretrebllie ~tillte:Ei-
infinitivtobecantocatchtocometodotofalltofindtogettogivetogotohavetohide
imperfectwas,were1couldcaughtcamedidfellfoundgotgavewenthadhid
afi
a puteaa prindea ven!a facea cadea
a gasia primi2a da
a mergea aveaa ascunde
toknowto leaveto losetopaytoputtoseetosendtosittostealto taketo telltounderstandtowakeup
knewleftlostpaidput3sawsentsatstoletooktoldunderstoodwokeup
a ~ti,a cunoa~tea pleca,a parasia pierdea platia punea vedeaa trimitea ~edeaa furaaluaa spunea intelegea setrezi
'132
/' .. ,~. ~ ~,.. ~""'W'~~1tO~~;jl~'" .,, . "'.~ ,~,,':,.. , ".31;,
'Rarebirds on .FeatherareIslandsA hundredyearsago,thereweremanyblueparrotsontheFeatherareIslands.The inhabitantsnearlyhuntedthemintoextinction.ThesebirdsarenoWvelY rare.Collectorsarenotallowedto catchany.Last
year,therewerestill someontheremotedesertislandof Koukou.
Mr Crook
Find me a pair of blue parrots for mycollection.
Your fee: 8000.Mrs Owly
,.1 Tobeestemaideosebit.deoarecearedouaformela imperfect.2 Pentrua afladiferiteleintelesurialeverbuluitoget,vezipag.24.3 Retine!icaanumiteverbeneregulateau imperfectulidenticcu radacinaverbali'i.
-
And the bald mantravelled to thesesame islands tostealparrots.
..
lll(tt.~.'J;!~~w;;.'"~'l.~~_- .~ .-==~~~
Hey, the FeatherareIslands... Aiy great-grandfather wentthere10 studv the
plaJ1ls.~
Disparitia lui Ferdinand Fruitcake.. - ...
Ajllnsaacasa,SarahIearataprieteriUol;,'sai0 vechescrisoareadresatablinicllilliei, Frederick.Pef1tr"uaaflacecontineaceastascrisoar~,_cititi;::o~itraduceti-oin r'ornane~te. '
~~,~ .. Parrotbury,S.' ,;".....,' FeatherareMain Islandl/; _.Sadly,yourfatheris mostprobablydead.He cametoourislandsin thespringto look for plants.Wehada meetingtoplanhis expeditiontotheremoteanddangerousLittleIslands.He leftParrotburyin a goodboatwithtwobotanistfriends.Therewasa terriblestorm.Theydidnotcomeback.I senta searchpartywhichfoundnothing.
QuentinFillingGovernorof theislands
,i
I
Cheia replicilor
-Didyou dropthat,John? Tu aiscapatlucrulacela, John?-Yes,itfell oul of thediary.Da, acazut.dinjurnal.-II looksinteresting... Pareintere-sant...
Tiiietura din ziar:PasarirareI'ninsuleleFeatherare.Acu'o sutadeani,multipapagalialba$tritraiauin insuleleFeatherare.Locuitorii i-auvanatpanaaproapela disparitialor.Acum,acestepasarisuntfomierare.Coleqionariin-audreptulsaprindanici una.Anul trecut,maiexistauditevape0 insulaparasitaKoukou.
Mesajul:DomnuJeCrook,Gasiti-mi0 pere-chedepapagalialba$tri,pentrucoJeqia mea.Onorariuldumnea-voastra: 8000.
-Hey,theFeatherareIslands... Mygreat-grandfatherwenttheretostudytheplants.Hei, insuleleFeathrare.oo Strabuniculmeua fostacolo,pentrua studiaplantele.-He wasa botanist,Erabotanist.-AndthebaldmantrmJellecftothesesameislandstostealparrots.Iar barbatulchela caIatoritcatreaceJea$iinsule,pentrua furapapagali.-Comeon,I wanttoshowyousomethingat home.Veniri,vreausavaaratcevaacasa.
Cuvinte noi
/ifmfeatherparrotinhabitantcollectorpaircollectionfeepound(L)plantbotanistspringmeetingexpeditionstormsearchparty5governor
to dropto hunt
filmpanapapagallocuitorco]ectionarperechecoleqieonorariulira sterlinaplantabotanistprimavara'intalnireexpeditiefUliunaechipadesalvareguvernator
ascapa,acadeadin...a vana
tolook
to be* allowedtostudy6to traveltoplanrarea hundredX yearsagomany
intoextinctionlastyearremotesomethingmainsadlvdeaddangerousterrible
a parea,a separea,a privi
a aveadreptula studiaa calatoriaplanifica,aorganizararo sutaacumX animulti/multe,numero$Ipana la disparitieanultrecut'indepariat/acevaprincipaldin pacatemOli
periculosteribil
4 La vcrbcleal carol'infinitiv seterminaIntr-oconsoanaprccedali'ide0 singuravocala.scdllbleazaconsoanaInainledea seadaugaed la imperfect.5 Plural:parties.6. Imperfectul:studied(la vel'beIe cumar fi tostudy,al carol'intinitiv 133setermini'iIn ~',acesty setransformaIn i. la trecllt).
-
Aspectul simplu ~icontinuu al trecutuluiImperfectul invatat la paginile 30-33 se utilizeazapen-tru a descrieactiuni incheiate.Deseori, esteinsotit deadverbedetimp (cum ar fi Yesterday- ieri) caresitueazaclar actiuneain trecut.Exemplu: Wewalkedall night (am umblat toata noaptea). Acest timp senume~tetrecutulsimplu.Pentru a descrieactiuni carese desIa~oarain trecut(ploua), utilizam trecutul continuu.
Constructii impersonale
Trecutul continuu
Trecutul continuuse formeazadin forma de trecuta
verbului to be(was ~iwere) +radacinaverbala +ing.Exemplu: He was doing theshopping (EI faeea eum-paraturi).] Unele verbeuzualecum ar fi to be. tohave,to know,to wantnu se intrebuinteazala aspectulcontinuu,ci numai la cel simplu.
Precum observatiin exempleledemai sus, in romlna, imperfectulseintrebuinteazapentruactiuni carese desIa~oarain trecut.Corespondentuldin englezaestetrecutulcontinuu: I was cycling(Mergeam eu bicicleta).
Cum traducem imperfectuldin romana
Constructiile impersonalesetraducin englezaprin it. Exemplu: It wasraining (ploua), It wasfine (Eraplaeut).
In romana,imperfectulse mai in-trebuinteaza~ipentruactiuni pecareobi~nuiamsa Ie facemintrecut.Exemplu: Ii vedeam intot-deauna cand eram in ora~.Inengleza,se intrebuinteazatrecutulsimplu.Astfel, exemplulse tradu-ce: I always saw themwhenI wasin town.
Cuvinte noi
night
noapteto raina plouafineCtimp)frumas,lunch2 pranz
to cyclea mergecubicicleta foartebinestamp
colectiedetowaitfora a~teptanearlyaproapecollectionti~bre
toput* awaya punela 0 partereadygatawork mundi,serviciuto manage(to)a reu~isahowcum
entranceintrareto get*toa ajungelarustyruginit
cavepe~terato be*abouta fi (vorba)despre...insideinauntru
chestcurarto deal*witha seocupadehiddenascuns
problemproblema at lastIn celedin urmMn
ownerproprietaralltotul sfiir~it
safeseifwhencandurgenturgent-
1Trecutulcontinuusepoatetraducecu imperfectulsaucuperfectulcampus+"pepunctuldea". 2 Pluralul: lunches.
-
3 Candun verbla infinitiv urmeazaun verbla imperativ,deseori,to esteinlocuitcuand.
Cheia replicilor
Lunchis nearlyready.Pnlnzuleaproapegata.o Wereyoushowingthemthatoldstampcollection,Sarah?Le arataicolectiavechedetimbre,Sarah?oNo,wewerejust lookingatsomeoldphotographs.Nu, neuitamdoarla ni~tefotografii.o Yes,wewerewaitingfor you.Da,te a~teptam.oDad 50 just leavingworknow.TatatocmaipJeacadela serviciu.oSarah,thebicycles!It 50 raining.Sarah,bicicletele!Ploua...Its OK. Weput themmv0-'.EsteOK. Le-ampusla 0 parte.Haveyougotthediary?AijumaJulla tine?oNo,I put it in mytent.Waithere!Nu, I-ampusin cort.A~teptatiaici.oOh... He explainshowhefoundFerdinadFruitcake50 letter.Oh...Poveste~tecuma gasitscrisoarealui FerdinandFruitcake.Hewaslookingfor blueparrots.Cautapapagalialba~tri.He managedtogetto Koukouisland... A reu~itsaajungaininsulaKoukou.At theentrancetoa cave,hesawan old, rustychest.La intrareauneipe~terivazuun cUIarvechi~iruginit.oInsidehefound a lettert~atwasabouta hiddentreasure.Inauntrugasi0 scrisoarein careerayorbadespre0 comoaraascunsa.Yes,theletterthathestole Da,scrisoareapecareafurat-o .Comeandeat.Here50 Dad at last.Veniti samancati.In sfar~it,iata-l~ipetata.oSony,I wasdealingwitha reallyurgentproblem...Scuze,maocupamde0 problemacuadevaraturgenta...
shopowner."Ah, thekeysto mysafe!Thankyou!I (tolose)themyesterday.I (tolook)everywhere,butI (can)notfind them."
Oh... He explainshow hefound
Ferdinad Fruitcake :sletter.
Sorry, I was dealingwith a really urgent
problem...
Twofriends,DaveandHarry, (togo)shopping.They(tolookfor)jeans.In oneshop,they(tofind)somekeysin thepocketof apair ofjeans.They(togive)themto the
Povestea blugilor
lneereatisa relatatipovestireade mai jos, intrebuintandtim-purile treeuteeorepunziitoarepentrufieeareverb din paran-teze.Unul dintre verbeestela treeutuleontinuu.
-
darareefectasupraprezentului.[have cleanedmyshoes (mi-amcuriitatpantofii- adicapantofiisuntacumcurari).[ have beentoLiverpool (amfostla Liverpool-astainseamnacaeucunoscdejaacestora~).
Presentperfect-u\seintrebuin!ea-za~icand0 aqiunetocmaiaavutloc:He'sjust boughta new bike.(EI tocmai~i-acumparat0 bici-cletanoua).
Present Pet1ect (intrebuintare)
Presentperfect-ulstabile~te0legaturaintretrecut~iprezent.Deregula,acesttimpprezinta0aqiunecarea avutloc in trecut,
tic cutimpultrecut(pasttense)-vezitabeluldindreapta.2
Formele contrase
In limbajuldezi cuzi seintrebu-in!eazaformelecontrasealeluihave ~ihas ( 've~ios)spreexem-plu: I've walked.
Present Perfect
Presentperfect-ulestefoartedesintrebuin!atin engleza.Acestaseformeazadinverbulto have (vezipag.8)~iparticipiultrecutal ver-bului.
La verbeleregulate,participiultrecutesteidenticcutimpultrecut(radacinaverbala+ed). latadecipresentperfect-ulverbuluito walk(a merge):[/you/we/theyhavewalked.he/she/ithas walked.
Verbeleneregulate(careauuntrecutneregulat)auunparticipiutrecutneregulat.La unele,e iden-
Cheia replicilor
-Wemustgo to OakTreeFarm... Tre-buiesamergemla fennaOakTree...0tofind Mr. Crookandthecluethathestolefi'omtheschool.casa-IgasimpeDl. Crook~iindiciulpecareI-afuratdela ~coala.-HaveyouvisitedBridgetown.Mr.Crook?Ati yizitatBridgetown-ul
DomnuleCrook?o }'i?s,I have.Infact, I havejust gotback.Da... De fapt,tocmaim-amIntors.oJ wastherethismorning.I sawthecastleandthetowers...Am fostacoloazi-dimineata.Am yazutcastelul~iturnurile.
obutI couldn1find theruinedtowel:darnu ampututgasiruineleturnului.o Whydoyou wanttoseeit? There~'onlyafert'old stones.De ceyre!isa-Iyizitati?Nu suntacolodeditni~tepietreyechi.oEL 1havealwayslikedruins... Pili... Intotdeaunami-auplacutruinele.
361De re\inut:I) verbelecareseterminaIntr-o consoanflprecedatade0 vocaIa,I~idubleazaconsoanaInaintedea adiiugaed.:2) verbelecareseterminaIn y, pierdy-ul primindtermina\iaied in loc deed.2 Gasiti0 lisla compleUila pagina55.3 Yes,I haveesteun raspunsseurt- vezi pagina16.
-
Participiul trecut al verbelor neregulate
oh really.,.That'smostinteresting.
Traduceti in englezaTradueetiacestefrazein englezapunanddouaverbeIapresentperfect,trei la trecut~idoualaprezent.Sarah,Susy~iJohn I-augasitpeDI.Crook.El toemaia vizitatBridgetownu1.A fostacoloazi dimineata.EI a cautattumulin ruin~,darnu I-agasit. ....Urmatorulindieiutrebuiesafie laturn,Sarah,Susy~iJolm VOl' samearga
acolorepede.
dimineatapiatra 'ruinaparestaulIapte
a eUTataa seintoareea coboria sesimtibineaproducetoemainoudefaptruinatladoarcatevaoeupat/aminunatdejamultarepede
Cuvinte noimorningstoneruinparkcowshedmilk
to cleantoget*backtogo* downto be* welltoproduce;ustnewinfactruinedonlyafewbusywonderfulalreadylotsof a lotof"quickly
afta construia cumparaaputeaa venia giisia primiapastraa pleca/apariisia trimiteafitraa castif!a
partieipiu trccutbeenbuiltboughtbeenablecomefoundgotkeptleftsentstolenwon
treeutwas,werebuiltboughtcouldcamefoundgotkeptlefisentstolewon
Infinitivbebuildbuycancomefindgetkeepleavesendstealwin
o Well.didyougo to thepark? Eibine,atifostIapare?o Yes,butI didn'lseeanythingthere.Da, darn-amvazutnimic.Ah!Youdidn'lgo downto therivel:Ah! N-ati coboratpanaIa rau.o Yes,we'rewell. We'veboughtthreecows.Da,ne simtimbine.Am
cumparattreivaei.oWe'vebeenverybusy...Am fostfoarteocupati...oWe'vejust builta newcowshedforthem.ToemaiIe-ameonstruitunstau1.oThey'rewonderful!They'vealreadyproducedlotso./milk!Suntminunate.Deja audatmultlapte!
0 Yes,theruinedtoweris bytherivel:Da,turnulin ruinee aproapederfm.o Thenextcluemustbeat theruinedtowel:Unnatoru]indieiutrcbuieSafie la tumulin ruine.oOh,really... Thatsmostinteresting.Zau...Asta efoartcinteresant.
-
Participiul trecut ~ipronumele posesive
Part icIpi ul treeut serve~te. precumi1\i va/ut la pagina 36.,la lorll1areapresent perfect-ului. In rom ana.participiul trecut poate funqionaca adjectiv, Exemple: u house11lIil!OJ.I!OIlC (0 casa construiHidin piatra): u Jliddell CUH' (0 pe~-tera ascunsa), In engleza. participi-ul trecut c in\'ariabil ~i se pune inrata substanti \'ul ui,
Presentperfect(continuare)
Ciind intrebuin!a!i l11ail11ultever-be la aceea~ipersoana la present
,"'0 \I'C //lust go !heres!mig,h! (l1I'ay hefc)re
hi//l,
perfect intr-o fraza. nu e necesar sarepeta!i hus sau hUI'c, Exell1plu:I huve hcell /() Londoll. I'isi!cd the
71J1I'(!}, und dOlle some shopping in
1Il/lle
I'0 III'S
his
hel's
Oxlord S!ree! (Am fost la Lomira,am vizitat Turuul ~iam facutcumpiiriituri pI.' Oxford Street),
al meu. a mea.ale mele, ai mci:
al tau. a ta, ale tale, ai tai:
alai lui, ai/ale lui:
alai ei, ai/ale ei
in engleza. nu cstc vreun pronume posesiv care sa-icorespunda Illi ii, Astrel. trebllie reluat sllbstantivul ~ilntrcbuin\at la rorilla posesiv3. (vezi explica!ia de la
pag. 12). Sprc excl11plu.cane! vorbil11e!espreun caine.pentrLl a spulle "[sle allui" VOI11spune I!.\ !he do,r!,.\
ollrs
theil'S
alnostru, a l1oastra.ai no~tri.alel1oastre:
a/al lor. ai/ale lor
[\C lle\'Cf' realI\'
explored the !Ol!'crbecause of!hefeIlCl!.
,",
-
Look. you hm'en (y,ot)'ours un)'
Jl)ore.
/le\", I'FefiJ/ll/dsOJl)ething here.'
Look.' It.'\Ferdil/und
Fruitcuke.'\' sign..'
We havekept this ruined tower becauseit 1S;a sacredmonumentfor the inhabitantsofBridgetown.The pirates of Pirates'lsland destroyedit threeyears ago, but now, we havegot our revenge.We havewon our last battle againstthem andexpelled them from their fort on the island. Atlast, they have disappearedfrom our country.
Cuvinte noi
slree!
stradato get* YOllra se razbuna.IlullI(,
statuiereveng('e(ll'
urecl1e10 1I'in*a ca~tiga
kllc('
gard 10 exp('1a fugari
CUll
~apca/() c!isupp('ara disparea
II!0I7lII1!('i1I
monumentnu inca
IJirul('pirat
nol yel
sodeci. a~adar
halliebaUilie
straighl ([)1"ayimediat
foufort hefiJreinainte
co IIIl! IT I1ara ne\ 'erniciodata
Irlle
adevarat
10 ('xlilor('
a explora('\'er,'\\'I1erepestetot10 ('XOlilill('
a examll1a('uchfiecare
10 k('('li"
a pastra.Iacr('c!sacru
10 d(,SII"llFa distrugc
laslultim a Cheia replicilor
So, he :,'\\'orked Oll! the cI//('fi'ol11Ihe schoo!.. A~adar.a descifratindiciul de la ~coala'which sel1l him 10 Ih(' rliinec!lml'e!:care I-a trimis la turnul in ruine.
Bllt he hosll i yC'l.fiJ/lnd Ihis towel~Oar el nu a gasit inca acestturn.'So 11'(' II!IIs1 go there slraighl away-befiHe hill!. Deci trebuie sa mergemacolo imediat - inaintea lui.We 'n'come' back 10 gel Ihe bikes.Ne-am intors sa ne luam bicicletele.';\11" sWllle has a hmken e'ar Can)'oil mend i()Statuia meaare 0urecl1crupta. 0 po!i rcpara'l1'n'ne'\'a r('ull)' e'x/Jlored Ihe' Iml'erbeculise' ollhe'fCnce. Niciodata 11-
-
Viitorul
Viitorul se formeazadin will +radacinaverbala:I/you/helshe,etc.will walk. In propozitiile interoga-tive, shall deseori ia locullui willia persoanaInHiisingular~iplural (I ~iwe), mai ales dacasugeramsaupropunemceva. Exemplu:Shall we go out? (Ie~im?).
Formelecontrase
Forma contrasiia lui will este 'll. Exemplu: I'll bethere(voi fi acoio).Aceastaformii nu se intrebuin-teaziiin propozitiile interogative.
Intr-o propozitie negativii,forma contrasiia lui willestewon't. Exemplu: Theywon't be there(Ei nuvorfi acoio).
Might
Pentru a descrieun evenimentsau0 actiunecarearputeaavealoc, folosim auxiliarul modal might (vezi"posibiJ" pag.28). Exemple: He might be there(Arputeafi acoio).He mightnot be there(S-ar puteasa nu fie acoio).
A putea~ia trebui la viitor
Pentru a spuneceeace ar trebui, cat~iceeace amputeaface, intrebuintiimbe able to ~ihave to alaturide will saushall. Exemple: He will have to be there(El trebuiesafieacolo);Shall 1beable to seeyoutomorrow?(Voi puteasatevad maine?).
Cuvintenoi
crosszngnightleaftraildirectionnoteplacesoiltaskbarguard dogwallpaneljewels (pi)fortune
to leave*togo*ojJ
to disturbto dirtyto worryto draw*tofall *for itto be* careful
todaynight-timedangerousduringalsofalsebrilliantwrongdefinitelydifficultthatwaywooden
treciitoarenoaptefrunziiurmii,pistiidirectiemesa],biletelloc, a~ezaresol, pamantcerintiibar 'caine de paziiperete
p?;nou,.~abJoublJ utemavere
a pleca,a piiriisia pleca,a se
indreptaa deranjaa murdari,a pataa-~iface grijla desenaa ciideain capcaniia fi atent
astiiziIn timpul noptiipericuiosIn timpulde asemeneafalsexcelent,genialfalscu sigurantiidificilpe acolode/In lemn
,"\11
It will be night-time and the
crossing will bedangerous.
1 Plural; leaves.
-
Cheia replicilor
---~~Pista falsa
lata mesajulpe care-I scrie Sarah.Ea I-a scris~onform unui cod mis-terios. PeAtru-a~~tiIncotro II trimitepe barbatulchel trebuiesadescope-riti cum se cite~te.Apoi, II putetitraduceIn romana.
F.F.lleveraF. ereht eb lIiw
enutrof ym dno slewej ym IIA.
slenop nedoow htlw lIow eno dnif ~Iliw uoy edisnl. god droug a eb ?
thgim ereht, luferac eB. yaw toht
ni og lIiw uoY. srob tuohtiw
wodniwenDeeslIiwuoY. trophsiF
n\ noitots ecilop eht at og ot
evoh Iliw uoY. tluciffid eb lliw ti.
ksot tsol ruoy sl ereH. tfell
seulc eht 110 dnuofevoh uoy
woN,nos yM
-Sowe'/I havetogo to Pirates'Island.A~adartrebuiesamergempeinsulaPiratilor.-Nottoday.'We'/Igettheretoolate...Nu astazi.Vomajungeacolopreatarziu.-It will benight-timeandthecrossingwill bedangerous.Vafi In timpulnOpfii~itrecatoareavafi pericuJoasa.-But thebaldmanwi/!find thecluehereand... Oar barbatulchelvagasiindiciulaici ~i...-hemightgo to theislandduringthenight,AI' puteamergepe insulaIntimpulnoptii.-Well,wemusthidethiscluewith
someleaves.There!Ei binetrebuiesaascundemacestindiciucuni~tefrunze.lata!-Wecanalso leaveafalse trail.Amputealasa0 pistafalsa.-Brilliant!He'll gooff in thewrongdirection... Genial!Va plecaIndireqia gre~ita.-andwon'tdisturb1/S. ~inu ne vaderanja.-Right,wemustleavehimd note.Exact,trebuiesa-i lasamunbilete!.-I've gota goodidea.Am 0 ideegrozava.-Butwhereshall wehide it? Darunde0 sa-Iascundem?
-John and1canlookfor a goodplace.John ~icu mineputemcautaun loc bun.-}'Ouwill haveto dirtythenotewithsomesoil. Vatrebuisamurdare~tibilete1ulcu ni~tepamant.-Yes Don'tWOI"I)', it '/I bepeifect.Oa Nu-ti facegriji, va fi perfect.-wecanhideit hereanddrml'hissign! II putemascundeaici ~idesenaparafalui.-That'sreal/ybrilliant!He'/Idefinitelyfall for it. E cuadevaratgenial!Cu sigurantava cadeaIncapcana.
41
-
Formarea viitorului cu going to
acesta/aceastaacela/aceea
II
In romana,deseoriexprimamviitorulcuajutorullo-cutiuniiverbale(aaveadegandsa).Exemplu:Am degandsa plee;el aredegandsa seuitela televizor.
Aproximativacela~ilucruareloc~iin engleza,cuajutorulexpresieibegoingtocareindica0 intentie
Intrebuintarea prezentului dupa whenIn engleza,dupawhen(cand)~iassoonas(deIn-dataee),nusepuneniciodataviitorul- numaipre-zentul.Exemple:Whenmybrotherarrives,I will
Pronumele demonstrative
latapronumeledemonstrativedinengleza.Singularthisonethatone
Pluralthese(ones) ace~tia/acesteathose(ones) aceialacelea
Retinetica lap]uralrareoriseintre-buinteazaones.
42
sau0 prevedere.Formacaretrebuieavutain vedereesteam/is/aregoingto+radacinaverbala.Exemple:I amgoingtoleave(voi pleea/amdegandsa plee);He is goingtowatchTV (EI seva uita latelevizor);Theyaregoingtocomewithus(Ei audegandsavina eunoi).
Right,l'lllookforthemandfax you
rightaway.
leave(Cand fratelemeuva ajunge,voi pleea);AssoonasI !mow,I will phoneyou (DeIndataeeallu,iti voi telefona).
,"
",
-
Trenul sauva ajungela ora trei.
Viitorul
lata opt propozitii caretrebuietra-duseIn engleza.
Cheia replicilor
-We'regoingtocloseup... Vomj'nchide...-Fine, I'mjust goingto tidyup...Bine,euvoi facedoarordine...-andthenI'll go. ~iapoivoi pleca.-Well,goodnight.Ei bine,noaptebuna.- Hey,thisis'themanthechildrenshowedme.Hei,acestae barbatulpecaremi I-auaratatcopiii.-Yes,its thesameman.pa,eacela$ibarbat.-Hello, London?I'd like detailsonnumber1709.Alo, Londni?A~dori detaliidesprenumarul1709.-Right,I'll lookfor themandfaxyourightaway.Bine, Ie voicauta~ividetrimitprin f'J,x.-Fine. Thanks!Bine.Multumesc!'Ah, its thisone.Thoseall havebars.Ah, aceastae.Celelateaugratii.-Right,it won'tbetoodifjicult.Perfect,nuva fi preadificil.-I'll beableto breakthewindowpane.Voi puteaspargesticladelageam.-First I'm goingtohavesupper,andI'll con!ebackwhenit'sreallynight-time.Intaimaducsaiaucina~il1!aMorc candvafi dejaintu-nenc.'Ah, at last... Ah, in sfaqit...-Right,tomorrowI'll go toFruitcakehouse.Perfect,mainemaduc la familiaFruitcake.-Thechildrenmightbeabletohelpmefind him.Copiii arputeasamaajutesa-Igasesc.-They'll bepleased- there'sareward.VOl'fi incantati- e ~i0recompensa.-Oh! Whatsthat?Ei! Da ce-i asta?-It's him!El:.~StoP!You'reunderarrest.'EI e!Aaa...stai!E~tiarestat.
Ne yom uita candyom gasiziarul.Ya vedeael.
Yeniti cu mine?
atuncinoaptebunacautatmultumitstop
a inchidea faceordineatrimitefaxa aJungea telefonaa ajutaa fi arestat
EI . .~.n ~e VOl'le~l~mAsearaaceasta.Ce ai deglnd s'a;faci?
Maine ma ducVaBjidgetown.Yom ~ticand voi~fiaici.
thengoodnightwantedpleasedstop
to closeupto tidyuptofaxto arriveto (tele)phoneto helpto be* under
arrest
TVvarstafurtcopilLondradetaliunumarsticlarecompensatrenZlar
Cuvinte noiTVagetheftchifd1Londondetailnumberwindowpanerewardtrainnewspaper
1Pluralul:children.43
-
~Gradele de comparatie comparativ ~isuperlativ
In engleza,existadouamodalitatide a forma comparativul~isuperla-tivul unui adjectiv,I conform lungi-mii acestuia.Pentrua spunemai... laun adjectivalcatuitdintr-o silaba,adaugamer, iar pentrua spuneeelmai/eea mai adaugam est.Exemplu: tall (inalt), taller (maiinaU), thetallest (eel mai inaltleeamai inalta)."
Adverbele
La majoritateaadverbelor,comparativul~isuperlativul se formeazacumore ~imost.Exemple:slowly. moreslowly, themostslowly (irieet, maiineet, eel mai ineet).La uneleadverbeuzuale adaugamer ~iest.Exemplu: early3(devreme),fast (rapid), hard (dur), late (tarziu), long (lung), near (aproape).
Formele neregulate
In engleza,uneleadjective~iadverbefomie uzuale au forme neregulatela comparativ~isuperlativ.Adjective:good(buna),better(mai bun/a), thebest(eel/eeamai bun/a);bad(rau), worse(mai rau), theworst(eel/eeamai diu/rea).Adverbe: badly(rau), worse(mai rau), theworst(eelmai rau); (CU-(departe),further(mai departe),thefilrthest(eelmai departe);little(putill),less(mai putin), theleast(eelmai putin)";well (bine),better(mai bine),the best(eel mai bine).
No I haven't,I'mstronger thanyou!
circlesHei! Incepemsane-InvartimIn cercuri.Yes,John! You'renotrowingasfastasme.Da, John.Nu vasle~ti]afel derepedeca~imine.You'vegot thebestOal:Ai ceamaibunavasJa.NoI haveni, 1'171strongerthanyou!
Pirates'island.0 putemImprumuta?Vremsamergempe insulaPiratilor.Yes,of course.It s thesmallest.Da,binelnteles.E ceamaimica.Watchout...Oneof theoarsis shorterthantheothe!:.. Atentie...unadintrevaslee maiSCUltade~atcealalta.Hey! We'restartingtogo aroundin
Adjectivelecontinanddoua,trei saumai multesilabe,I~ifonneazacom-parativul~isuperlativul cu more(maL.) ~ithemost(eel/eeamaL.)Exemplu: tiring (obositor), moretiring (mai obositor), themosttiring (eel mai obositor/oare).
Adjectivele terminate in y
Adjectivele terminateIn y primescer ~iest,oricare ar fi lungimealor,y-ul se transformaIn i. Exemplu:fitnny(amuzant), fitnnier (maiamuzant), thefitnniest (eel/eeamai amuzanta).
De retinut
In engleza,adjectivul se puneIna-inteasubstantivului,fiind invari-abil. Acest lucru nu se schimbaIncazul unei comparatii.Exemplu: afitnnierman (un om mai amuzant).
MaL. decat ~ila fel de... ca iMaL. decat se traduceprin ...ersaumore... than.Exemple: tallerthan (mai inaIt decat); more tiringthan (mai obositor decat); fitnnierthan (mai amuzant dedit).
La fel de... ea ~ise traduceprinas... as. Exemplu: He s as tall ashis sister (E la fel de inalt ea ~isora lui).
Cheia replicilor
Canyou lendmeyou/'towel?Imipoti Imprumutaprosopultau?YukiIt saswetasmine.Pill E lafeldeudca~ial meu.Hi Tony.Haveyougotyour boathere?Buna,Tony!Ai barcaaici?Yes,itsoverthere.Da, esteacolo.Can weborrowit? Wewanttogo to
441 In romana,mai +adjectivconstituiecomparativul(exemplu:mai loalt), iareelmai/eeamai +adjectivconstituiesuper-lativul(eelmai loalt). 2 Multe adjectivecareau0 silabii~iseterminaintr-oconsoanaprecedatade0 singuravocala,i~idubleazaconsoanainaintedea primier ~iest.Exemplu:red,redder,thereddest(ro~u,mai ro~u,eel mai ro~u).
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Cuvinte noitoweloardungeontunnelendfirst onesecondone
/0 lend*
prasopvasUicelula,'inchisoaretunelcapat,sflir~itprimul/aal doilea/adoua
a 'imprumuta
tostarttogo around
in circlesto row
funnywetoverthere
a 'incepea se'invalii'in
cercuna vasIi
amuzant/audacolo
shortotherstrongevenoddshuthelplong
scurt/aaMiputernic/achiar(~i)straniuInchis/aajutorlung
Theres thefort.
Nu-i adevarat,suntmaiputernicdecattine.There'sthefort. latafOIiareata.It's evenolderthantheruined
to~ver.E ~imaivechedecattm'nul'inrume.It'sgotlotsofdungeonsandtunnels...Are multecelule~itune]uri...
butyou can'tgo downthere.darnupoticobor'iacolo.-That'sodd,normallythegate'sshut.Estraniu,deobiceipoartae 'inchisa.Hey,go moreslowly.Hei, mergetimai'incet.Oh no! Oh nu!Look, therearefour tunnels.Priviti,
Which is the longest tunnel?Sarah,John ~iSusy ~tiuca trebuiesameargapanaJa capatulceluimai lung tuneJ. Oar caresa fie?Utilizand pa~iilor dreptmasura(earntoti au aceea~imasuralapantofi), John ~iSarahcalcuIeazalungimeaunui tunel, In timp ceSusy Ie calculeaza~peceleIaJte
doua. lata replicileJlor, candcompararezu1tatele:
~
fdjMy tunnel isn't as long
as yours.
My first tunnel was aslong asyours, but mysecond one is shorteJ:
Puteti raspundela Intrebarealui John (In enQ:leza)?
suntpatrutuneluri.Help... Ajutor...Wecan'tgetoutnow!Acumnumaiputemie~i!Comehere!Lookat this!Venitiaici!la priviti!
3 Y-ul din ear(vsetransformaIn i:earlieJ;earliest(mai devreme,eel mai devreme).4 Putin/ mai putin/eelmai putin +substantivnenumarabilsetraducprin(ewljewer/thefewest.
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tea,amputea,ar putea)~ishould(ar trebui).Ca ~ican~imust,could~ishouldsunt invariabile.
If (daca)
ifinseamna dad. In limba romana,pentrua exprimao actiune,carear puteaavealoc, intrebuintamdupaconjunctiadad conditionalul prezentatat1'npropo-zitia principala, cat~iin ceasuborc!onata.Dad a~aveabani,m-a~dueela Londra. In engleza,dupa ifse intrebuinteazatrecutul simplu, iar in propozitiaprincipala conditionalul: if I hadsomemoney,Jwouldgo toLondon.Ca ~iin cazullui dadi, dupa ifse poatepuneprezen-tul sauviitorul: ifhehasmoney,hewill comewithme(Dadi arebani,va venieumine).
Would ~iconditionalul~-"'~"
In engleza,conditionalul se formeazacu would+radacinaverbala.Exemple: I wouldbe(eu a~fi),theywouldsing(ei/elear canta).Wouldesteun auxiliar modal. Intr-o fraza interoga-tiva, subiectulsepunedupaauxiliar.Exemplu: WouldI be?(A~fi eu?).Intr-o fraza negativa,notsepunedupawould:I wouldnotbe(eu n-a~fi).Forma contrasaa lui would, 'd,se1'ntrebuinteazamult 1'nenglezavorbita (I'd be;they'dsing),darnuin propozitiile interogativesaunegative!
Conditionalulverbelorcan ~imustAuxiliarele modalecan~imustau propria forma deconditional: could(a~putea,ai putea,el/eaar pu-
Wouldyouseebetterifyouhada torch?
Would,ca formuladepoliteteCa ~i1'nromana,conditionalul pre-supune~i0 exprimarepoliticoasa.I wouldlike (a~dori -vezi pag.l0)esteconditionalul verbului tolike(a dori, a pHicea),fjind mult maipoliticos decatI want(dorese).Lafel, formulelewouldyoulike?(ai/atidori?),wouldyou(doriti),~iwouldyoumind.?(te-ar/v-arderanjasiL?) suntpoliticoase~iutile.
No, I'll comeback.J wouldn'lwanttodisturb
you.
46 I I Not scpoatccontragc~iadaugala sfar~itulluiwould.Excmplu:I \Vouldn'tbe (n-a~fi).I
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I'll beableto treatTonytoa newpair of
oars!
YouandDad andI (togo)toCanadatoseelilY aunt.
You(toget)a newbicycle.
I (tospend)it all!
I (topay)for a newroolforFruitcakehouse.
Ce ai face daca...?Odatarevenitila familiaFruitcake,Sarah0 intreabape mamasa cear face dacaar aveadintr-o datamulti bani. Completati raspunsu-rile lui Emma, pun{mdverbeledin parantezala forma corecta.
a vorbi(eu)a multumia a~tepta(pe)a deranjaa sei'ntoareea seml~eaa da,a oferia eheltui
fiergramezide
to talk(to)to thanktowaitfortodisturbt
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