--angine
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7/29/2019 --Angine
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Angine
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Angine
Inflamatia amigdalelor/orofaringelui, producand
durere spontana sau provocata de deglutitie(odinofagie)
Infectii frecvente, de cauza virala sau bacteriana
Clasificarea dupa aspectul clinic:
• Angine eritematoase si eritematopultacee
• Angine pseudomembranoase
• Angine veziculoase
• Angine ulceroase si ulceronecrotice
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Angine eritematoase sieritematopultacee
• Virusuri-cea mai frecventa cauza(40-80%) Rinov. Coronav. Mixov.
Adenov. VRS, HIV, rujeola, rubeola,oreion, EBV
• Streptococ betahemolitic grup A
Angine virale:
– debut progresiv,
– angina rosie (eritematoasa), MNI-alba
– manifestari catarale asociate
(rinoree, tuse, raguseala), – alte manifestari clinice caracteristice
etiologiei virale respective(adenopatie, rash etc…)
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Angine eritematoase sieritematopultacee
BacterieneStreptococ betahemolitic grup A
80% din anginele bacteriene,(10% purtatori sanatosi in populatie,recrudescente iarna, primavara)
• 10-25% din angineleeritematopultacee la adult, 25-50%
la copil• Frecventa mare in colectivitati• Redutabila prin complicatii• Debut brusc, febra mare, odinofagie
intensa, anginarosie/eritematopultacee, adenopatiesatelita dureroasa
Alte bacterii: streptococ B, C, G,stafilococ
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Angine virale vs angine bacteriene
• Angine virale:
– debut progresiv, – angina eritematoasa,
– febra variabila,
– odinofagie intensitate moderata – adenopatia locala discreta
– manifestari catarale asociate(rinoree, tuse, raguseala),
– alte manifestari clinice
caracteristice etiologiei viralerespective (adenopatie, rashetc…)
• Angine bacteriene:
– debut brusc, – anginaeritematoasa/eritemato-pultacee
– febra mare,
– odinofagie intensa
– adenopatie satelitadureroasa
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Angine pseudomembranoase• Mononucleoza infectioasa (cauza cea
mai frecventa) – frecventa la adolescenti si tineri
– angina este initial eritematopultacee,
apoi se dezvolta falsele membranecare respecta lueta, se insoteste depurpura a valului+ alte manifestaricaracteristice MNI
• Difteria (boala exceptionala in prezent) – Falsele membrane sunt foarte
aderente, daca sunt smulse lasa oulceratie, se refac cu usurinta, aucaracter extensiv, depasescmarginile amigdalelor, imbraca lueta
– Adenopatie importanta cu edemperiganglionar
– Febra inalta
– Fenomene toxice intense(insuficienta cardiocirculatorie,oligurie)
• Alte cauze (rar): stafilococ, streptococ,
pneumococ MNI
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Angine veziculoase (ulceratii superficiale)• Herpes simplex 1 (angina
herpetica) – Mic buchet de vezicule, apoi
ulceratii policiclice bucofaringiene,sensibile, uneori cu aspecthemoragic
– Febra inalta
– Adenopatii cervicale moderate – Durata-1-2 sapt (formele severe
beneficiaza de tratament cuaciclovir)
• Coxsackie A (enterovirus)(herpangina)
– Febra, durere faringiana moderata, – Mici vezicule inflamatorii pe pilieri si
val amigdalian care nu se extind larestul mucoasei bucale
– Vindecare spontana in 5-7 zileHerpangina
Coxsackie A
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Boala maini-picioare-gura
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Angine ulceroase si
ulceronecrotice
• Mononucleoza infectioasa (bilaterala)
• Angina Vincent (unilaterala): – asociatie fuzospirilara (Fusobacterium+spirocheta)
– febra moderata, halena fetida, odinofagie unilaterala
– adolescent, adult tanar, igiena locala deficitara – Penicilina G/V, metronidazol
• Sancru sifilitic amigdalian (unilaterala) – ulceratie putin profunda, putin dureroasa, indurata
• Angine in cursul hemopatiilor (bilaterale)(agranulocitoza, leucoze acute)
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ComplicatiiAngine eritematoase si eritematopultacee
• Complicatii septice (supurative), precoce:
– Locale• Flegmon periamigdalian (odinofagie importanta,otalgie, trismus, tumefactia pilierilor cu edem delueta)
• Supuratii cervicale:
– Abces retrofaringian (febra, disfagie, dispnee) – Adenoflegmon
– Celulite cervicale
La distanta (pneumonii, endocardita artrite meningite)
• Complicatii toxice: soc toxic streptococic, hepatita,precoce
• Complicatii imunalergice, tardive
– RAA (Sindrom poststreptococic major/minor)
– Glomerulonefrita
– Eritem nodos
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Complicatii• Angine pseudomembranoase (vezi MNI, difterie)
• Angine veziculoase (herpetica)
– Eritem polimorf
– Meningoencefalita
• Angine ulceroase si ulceronecrotice (anginaVincent)
– Flegmon periamigdalian
– Tromboflebita jugulara cu risc de embolieseptica si infarct pulmonar (sindrom Lemierre)
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Clasificarea streptococilor
dupa tipul de hemoliza
Alfahemolitici
Hemoliza incompletainverzirea mediului
GammahemoliticiNehemolitici
Betahemolitici
(hemoliza intinsa,
clara)
Inhibarea cresterii streptococului betahemolitic grup Ade catre bacitracina (<5% din alti streptococi
betahemolitici sunt sensibili la actiunea bacitracinei)
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Clasificarea streptococilordupa criteriul antigenic (Ag polizaharidic component al peretelui)
• Grupuri notate cu litere A-H si K-T (nu sunt cuprinsi streptococii viridans, care nu pot fi grupati dupacriteriul antigenic)
• Grupul A (90% din streptococii patogeni pt om
Grup Ag Tip hemoliza Habitat Specia Sindroame clinice
A Beta Faringe Str.pyogenes Angina
Cai respiratorii ScarlatinaPiele, anus Erizipel
Piodermite
Septicemii
B Beta Urogenital Str.agalactiae Infectii nou nascut
Digestiv Endocardite
Faringe Septicemii
Infectii urinare
C Beta Faringe Str.humanus Faringite
Piele Glomerulonefrita
D variabil Intestin
(nehemolitici) Genital Str.bovis Endocardite
Streptococi Alfa Faringe Str.salivarius Endocardite
viridans Cavitatea bucala Str.mutans Carii dentare
Streptococi Gamma Gura Peptostreptococcus Abces amigdalian
anaerobi nehemolitici Intestin Gangrena
Vagin Flegmoane
Septicemii
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