adina -manual juridic engleza i si ii

8/21/2019 ADINA -Manual Juridic Engleza I Si II

1/123

UNIVERSITATEA SPIRU HARET

ADINA RDULESCU

ENGLEZ JURIDIC

- anii I i II de studiu -

EDITURA FUNDAIEI R!"NIA DE !"INE


2/123

FIRST YEAR OF STUDYCONTENTS

UNIT 1BRITISH LAW vs. US LAWS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*

T+e Ve)(a% Tenses

UNIT 2FORMS OF PUNISHMENTS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*T+e Ve)(a% Tenses

UNIT 3THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

S#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*T+e Ve)(a% Tenses

UNIT4INSTITUTIONS OF THE COMMUNITYSECTION 4 THE COURT OF JUSTICES#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*!'da% Ve)(s

UNIT 5

DAILY TELEGRAPH12 !"#s $%# &'(!$ )'% *!$& +,- IOUP $"!s /"(* $%# s!0 "ss"*&sL($! s!&!! $%# %*! #"(s&6"*!&(! 7(**!# 8(v! *($! ( /"(*S#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*Passi,e V'i$e

UNIT 9

DAILY TELEGRAPHI#":( /"(*! %v!# B#(&(s' "( )%#7!# 7(**(8S#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*P)e#'siti'ns

UNIT ,HOME CONFINEMENTS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*


3/123

N'uns. C'/#'und N'uns and C'%%'$ati'ns0 P%u)a% F')/s0 De)i,ed N'uns

UNIT 1

B#(&(s' *") vs. US *")

T+e /ain s'u)$es '1 2)itis+ %a3 a)e $'//'n %a30 %e4is%ati'n and0 /')e )e$ent%*0 Eu)'#ean

C'//unit* %a35 S$'t%and and N')t+e)n I)e%and +a,e t+ei) '3n %e4a% s*ste/ and %a3$'u)ts0distin$t 1)'/ t+'se in En4%and and 6a%es5A distin$ti,e an$ient 2)itis+ %a3 is t+at '1 +a(eas $')#us5 T+is Latin #+)ase %ite)a%%* /eans7*'u /ust +a,e t+e ('d*80 and is t+e '#enin4 3')ds '1 a 9: t+-$entu)* 3)it 4ua)anteein4 a

#e)s'n a 1ai) t)ia%5 A #e)s'n 3+' (e%ie,es t+at +e is (ein4 3)'n4%* +e%d (* t+e #'%i$e $anissue a 3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us t' +a,e +is $'/#%aint +ea)d (* a $'u)t5 T+is is a%s' #a)t '1 t+eUS C'nstituti'n5A t)ia% in a $)i/ina% $'u)t is a $'ntest (et3een t+e #)'se$uti'n0 3+' #ut t+e $ase and $a%% t+ee,iden$e a4ainst t+e de1endant0 and t+e de1en$e5 T+e de1endant n')/a%%* +as a %a3*e) t'

)e#)esent +i/ and a$t as +is %e4a% ad,ise)5 An a$$used #e)s'n #%eads 74ui%t*8 ') 7n't 4ui%t*85It is a #)in$i#%e '1 En4%is+ %a3 t+at a #e)s'n is #)esu/ed t' (e inn'$ent unti% #)',ed 4ui%t*0and t+e P)'se$uti'n +a,e t' satis1* t+e C'u)t '1 t+e de1endant8s 4ui%t s' t+at t+e C'u)t is su)e'1 it0 't+e)3ise +e /ust (e 1'und 7n't 4ui%t*85T+e ;u)*0 3+' /a


4/123

I. M"&' &'! )%#s ( %*- A )(&' &'!(# !$((&(%s ( %*- B " &'! )(&' &'!(#R%-"(" !:(v"*!&s ( %*- C;

A B C

95 $'//'n %a3 a5 a #e)s'n a4ainst 3+'/ an a$ti'n ')$%ai/ is ()'u4+t in a $'u)t '1 %a35

/5 ')d'nanB0 +'t))e;ude$t')eas$

5 +a(eas $')#us (5 a %a3*e) 3+' +as (een $a%%ed t' t+e(a) and is ua%i1ied t' #%ead in t+e +i4+e)$'u)ts5

n5 a#)a)ea

>5 3)it $5 t+e ;udi$ia% )e,ie3 (* a su#e)i') $'u)t'1 t+e de$isi'n '1 a %'3e) t)i(una%5

'5 2a)'u

5 t+e #)'se$uti'n d5 %a3*e) 3+' ad,ises $%ients 'n /atte)s'1 %a30 d)a3s u# %e4a% d'$u/ents0

#)e#a)es $ases 1') (a))iste)s0 et$50 and3+' /a* #%ead in $e)tain $'u)ts5

#5 a,'$at ns)$inat $u#)'$edu)a0 ;u)is$'nsu%t

5 de1endant e5 t+e 1'u) #)i,ate unin$')#')ateds'$ieties in L'nd'n ?Lin$'%ns Inn0 Inne)Te/#%e0 !idd%e Te/#%e0 G)a*s Inn@ t+at1un$ti'n as a %a3 s$+''% and +a,e t+ee$%usi,e #)i,i%e4e '1 $a%%in4 $andidatest' t+e En4%is+ (a)5

5 d)e#t $'/un

5 t+e de1en$e 15 a d'$u/ent unde) sea%0 issued in t+ena/e '1 t+e C)'3n ') a $'u)t0$'//andin4 t+e #e)s'n t' 3+'/ it isadd)essed t' d' ') )e1)ain 1)'/ d'in4s'/e s#e$i1ied a$t5

)5 $%di)i %'nd'ne&ea#a)Binnd %a #at)us'$ietBi ;u)idi$e

:5 s'%i$it') 45 a #u(%i$ '11i$ia% )es#'nsi(%e 1') t+ein,esti4ati'n '1 ,i'%ent0 sudden0 ')sus#i$i'us deat+s5

s5 #)'$u)atu)a0 a$u&a)ea

K5 (a))iste) +5 t+e instituti'n and $'ndu$t '1 %e4a%#)'$eedin4s a4ainst a #e)s'n

t5 /edi$ %e4ist i #)'$u)')ns)$inat $u $e)$eta)ea

#ena% a de$ese%')

sus#e$te5 t+e 2a) i5 t+e ('d* '1 %a3 (ased 'n ;udi$ia%

de$isi'ns and $ust'/0 as distin$t 1)'/statute %a35

u5 a,'$at #%edant

9M5 Inns '1 C'u)t ;5 a%% t+'se 3+' (e%'n4 t' t+e #)'1essi'n'1 (a))iste)5

,5 +a(eas $')#us

995 $')'ne)


5/123

$'u)t /a* as$e)tain 3+et+e) +isdetenti'n is %a31u%5

95 a##ea% %5 t+e de1endant and +is %e4a% ad,ise)s$'%%e$ti,e%*5

5 a$u&at0 in$u%#at0 #)t

II. C%-*!&! &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s s(8 &'! )%#s ( &'! %0 ( ($$!#!&

!0#!ss(%s. E"' )%# )(** ! s! -%#! &'" %!;

,e)di$t a##ea% e,iden$e %a3 $)i/e t)ia%

95 T+e)e 3as en'u4+ 5 t' #)',e +i/ 4ui%t*55 Has t+e ;u)* )ea$+ed a 55O>5 T+e $%ient +as de$ided n't t' 5 5

5 T+e #'%i$e a)e t+e)e t' en1')$e t+e 5 55 6+at 55 +as +e $'//ittedO5 I t+in< t+at t+e $)i/ina% 3i%% (e ()'u4+t t' 55 5:5 I ne,e) ()a


6/123

I6. C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(%= *%%7(8 &'! !) )%#s ( &'! G*%s"##;

95 A #e)s'n 3+' stea%s /'ne* #%a$ed in +is $a)e5

a@ a 1')4e) (@ an a)s'nist $@ an e/(e&&%e) d@ a #'a$+e)

5 5555555555555555 /eans $at$+in4 4a/e (i)ds0 ani/a%s ') 1is+ 3it+'ut #e)/issi'n 'n

s'/e('d* e%se8s #)'#e)t*5

a@ +untin4 (@ stea%in4 $@ t)es#assin4 d@ #'a$+in4

>5 A #e)s'n 3+' ente)s a (ui%din4 i%%e4a%%*0 es#e$ia%%* (* 1')$e0 in ')de) t' stea%5

a@ a (u)4%a) (@ a )'((e) $@ a +''%i4an d@ a ,anda%

5 A #e)s'n 3+' stea%s /'ne*0 et$ 1)'/ 't+e) #e'#%e8s #'$


7/123

a@ s'%i$it') (@ #)'se$ut') $@ ;ud4e d@ (a))iste)

995 A #e)s'n 3+' ta5 A1te) ten +'u)s0 t+e Ju)* 1ina%%* )ea$+ed its 5. t+e #)is'ne) 3as 4ui%t*5

a@ senten$e (@ ,e)di$t $@ #'int d@ $'n$%usi'n

95 A #e)s'n 3+' 3i%%1u%%* 4i,es a 1a%se state/ent 3+i%e unde) 'at+0 $'n$e)nin4 a /ate)ia%

/atte) in a ;udi$ia% #)'$eedin4 is said t' $'//it 555555555555555555 5

a@ s%ande) (@ ()i(e)* $@ #e);u)* d@ t)eas'n

95 A 55555555555555555555555 is s'/e'ne 3+' testi1ies0 es#e$ia%%* in a $'u)t '1 %a3 t' e,ents ') 1a$ts

3it+in +is '3n


8/123

9K5 a /u44e) 9K595 an assassin 95M5 a te))')ist M5

6I. C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(%= "(8 "&&!&(% &% &'! s! %$ E8*(s' &!s!s;

95 Jud4e 6i%%ia/s 555555555555555555555555 t'da* as ;ud4e T+'/s'n +as (een ta


9/123

&% s!#v! " s!&!! > " !0!&" % s!&(?@

95 t' #)'n'un$e a senten$e a5 a $'/uta ' #edea#s5 t' (e )e%eased 'n #)'(ati'n (5 $u d'/i$i%iu 1')Bat>5 t' (e ta


10/123

5 I 55 ?3ait@ 1') *'u in 1)'nt '1 t+e $ine/a 3+en I ?)ea%i&e@ t+ats'/e('d* ?3at$+@ /e insistent%*5 S''n a1te) I 55 ?de$ide@ t' %ea,e5?Past Tense ContinuousandPast Tense Simple@

:5 Jud4e !''n* ?#)eside@ in t+is $'u)t '1 %a3 1') /')e t+an ten *ea)s5?Present Perfect Continuous@ He ?)eti)e@ net 3ee


11/123

UNIT 2

F%#-s %$ P(s'-!&

6+en #e'#%e a)e sent t' #)is'n in 2)itain a1te) (ein4 1'und 4ui%t* '1 a $)i/e0 t+e* a 4i,en asenten$e t+at s#e$i1ies t+e %en4t+ '1 t+ei) #unis+/ent5 !'st0 +'3e,e)0 3i%% (e e%i4i(%e 1') a

)e/issi'n '1 'ne t+i)d '1 t+e #e)i'd sti#u%ated5 T+is /eans t+at a #e)s'n senten$ed t' a*ea)8s i/#)is'n/ent 3i%% n')/a%%* (e )e%eased a1te) ei4+t /'nt+s0 and 'ne senten$ed t' t+)ee*ea)s 3i%% %ea,e #)is'n a1te) t3'5 !')e',e)0 /'st #)is'ne)s senten$ed t' 9 /'nt+s ') /')ea)e a%s' e%i4i(%e 1') #a)'%e 3+en t+e* +a,e se),ed 'ne t+i)d '1 t+e stated #e)i'd0 a1te) a/ini/u/ '1 si /'nt+s in #)is'n5 At #)esent0 a('ut t+)ee #)is'ne)s 'ut '1 1'u) '(tain #a)'%e5H'3e,e)0 #)is'ne)s senten$ed t' 1i,e ') /')e *ea)s 1') se)i'us '11en$es in,'%,in4 ,i'%en$e0a)s'n ') seua% $)i/es a)e )a)e%* 4)anted #a)'%e5 A #e)s'n 'n #a)'%e is )e%eased 1)'/ #)is'n'n $'nditi'n t+at +e ') s+e )e/ains in t'u$+ 3it+ a #)'(ati'n '11i$e) ',e) t+e #e)i'd '1 ti/e1') 3+i$+ t+e ')i4ina% senten$e 3'u%d +a,e )un5 I1 #a)'%e $'nditi'ns a)e a(used0 t+e '11ende)

is %ia(%e t' (e )e$a%%ed t' #)is'n5A%t+'u4+ a 7%i1e senten$e8 1') /u)de) )a)e%* /eans i/#)is'n/ent 1') %i1e0 it $an %ast 1') M*ea)s ') /')e i1 t+e $)i/e 3as t+e /u)de) '1 a #'%i$e '11i$e) ') #)is'n '11i$e)0 i1 it 3as$a))ied 'ut du)in4 a te))')ist atta$< ') a )'((e)*0 ') i1 it in,'%,ed t+e seua% ') sadisti$


12/123

I. S&"&! )'!&'!# &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s "#! ! %# $"*s! " %##!& &'! $"*s! %!s;

E0"-*!; person sentenced to a !ear"s imprisonment #ill normall! be released afterfi$e months. FALSECRRECTIN. person sentenced to a !ear"s imprisonment #ill normall! be releasedafter eight months.

95 A #e)s'n senten$ed t' t+)ee *ea)s 3i%% n')/a%%* %ea,e #)is'n a1te) t3'5 5 !'st #)is'ne)s senten$ed t' 9 /'nt+s a)e e%i4i(%e 1') #a)'%e 3+en t+e* +a,e se),ed

1'u) /'nt+s '1 t+e stated #e)i'd5 >5 At #)esent0 'ne #)is'ne) 'ut '1 1'u) '(tain #a)'%e5 5 P)is'ne)s senten$ed t' 1i,e ') /')e *ea)s 1') se)i'us '11en$es a)e 4)anted #a)'%e ,e)*

'1ten5 5 A 7%i1e senten$e8 1') /u)de) $an %ast 1') M *ea)s ') /')e5 5 T+e Hi4+ C'u)t '1 Justi$e de$ides 3+en a #)is'ne) senten$ed t' %i1e s+'u%d (e

)e%eased5

:5 Fines a)e a3a)ded in a('ut si $ases 'ut '1 ten5 K5 7P)'(ati'n8 in,'%,es t+at a #)'(ati'n '11i$e) 3i%% (e %i,in4 3it+ t+e '11ende) ',e) t+e#e)i'd '1 ti/e esti/ated initia%%*5

5 T+e nu/(e) '1 +'u)s t+at $an (e i/#'sed 1') $'//unit* se),i$e ,a)* (et3een Mand M +'u)s5

9M5 I))es#e$ti,e '1 t+e nu/(e) '1 +'u)s0 t+e $'//unit* se),i$e +as t' (e $'/#%eted3it+in 'ne *ea)5

II. M"&' &'! '"*$s!&!!s ( %*- A )(&' &'! '"*$s!&!!s ( %*- B &%-"7! %-*!&! " *%8("* s!&!!s.

A B

95 A%/'st a%% #)is'ne)s 3i%% (e e%i4i(%e a5 3i%% %ea,e #)is'n a1te) t3'55 A #e)s'n 'n #a)'%e 3i%% +a,e t')e/ain in t'u$+

(5 d'in4 un#aid #+*si$a% 3')5 A $'n,i$t senten$ed t' a *ea)8si/#)is'n/ent 3i%%

$5 i1 i/#)is'n/ent ') 't+e) #unis+/entsee/s ina##)'#)iate5

5 P)is'ne)s t+at a)e 4ui%t* '1 se)i'us

$)i/es 3i%% )e/ain

d5 +e ') s+e 3i%% (e %ia(%e 1') t+e

#unis+/ent i/#'sed in t+e 1i)st #%a$e55 A #)is'ne) senten$ed t' t+)ee *ea)s8si/#)is'n/ent

e5 3it+ a #)'(ati'n '11i$e) ',e) t+e #e)i'd'1 ti/e esti/ated5

5 T+e %ess se,e)e 1')/s '1 #unis+/enta)e.

15 1') a )e/issi'n '1 t+ei) initia% senten$e5

:5 C'//unit* se),i$e in,'%,es 45 t+e '11ende) /a* si/#%* 4et a3a* 3it+a ,e)(a% 3a)nin45

K5 T*#i$a% ee/#%es '1 $'//unit* +5 n')/a%%* (e )e%eased a1te) ei4+t

9


13/123

se),i$e a)e /'nt+s55 ne '1 t+e t)i,ia% '11en$es 3e $an/enti'n

i5 t' #%a$e a #e)s'n unde) a %e4a%'(%i4ati'n0 su$+ as 'ne t' 5 I1 a #e)s'n 'n #a)'%e is $'n,i$ted 1')t+e sa/e '11en$e0

/5 a 1ine0 #)'(ati'n0 ') $'//unit*se),i$e5

95 T' 7(ind ',e)8 /eans n5 #aintin4 an e%de)%* #e)s'n8s +'use ')(ui%din4 a #%a*4)'und 1') $+i%d)en5

95 I1 t+e '11ende) 1ai%s t' 7


14/123

I6. M"&' &'! $%**%)(8 )%#s " !0#!ss(%s )(&' &'!(# R%-"(" "s*"&(%;

95 $)i/e a5 $'nda/nat5 '11ende) (5 #edea#s $u sus#enda)e>5 )e/issi'n $5 de%i$t0 in1)a$Biune5 #a)'%e d5 in$endie)e #)e/editat5 #)'(ati'n '11i$e) e5 )edu$e)e de #edea#s0 4)aBie)e5 %i1e senten$e 15 /un$ n inte)esu% $'/unitBii:5 $'//unit* se),i$e 45 '1iBe) de #'%iBie ns)$inat $u

su#)a,e4+e)ea unei #e)s'ane e%i(e)ate$'ndiBi'nat

K5 $'n,i$t +5 $'nda/na)e #e ,iaB5 a)s'n i5 $'nt)a,enient9M5 sus#ended senten$e ;5 e%i(e)a)e $'ndiBi'nat

6. C%-*!&! &'! $%**%)(8 !#(v"&(%"* "&&!# noun - verb - noun= "(8 "&&!&(% &%&'! $(#s& !0"-*!. T'! "s*"&! &'! % ( &'! &'(# %*-;

N% 6!# N%

95 #)is'n (-#)is'n (-#)is'n-!&5 !-#'3e)>5 !$%#!5 (s$'u)a4e

5 (sen4a4e5 (s1i4u)e:5 (s#%a$eK5 !a$t5 !%ist9M5 (-#ai)

6I. S!*!& $#%- &'! %0 !*%) &'! *!8"* &!#-s &'"& !*%8 &% &'! *"ss %$ FELONY($#"?(! 8#"v@"& #(-("* " &'%s! &'"& !*%8 &% &'! *"ss %$

MISDEMEANOUR !*(&($#"?(! -(%#@. T'!s! &)% *!8"* &!#-s felony misdemeanour)!#! 7%) &% '"v! (-%s! &)% ($$!#!& $%#-s %$ ("* ( E8*" "W"*!s &(* 19,.

"#-! #%!# s'%*($&(8 "#s% *(!* "&&!-&! -#!#'(8' !"s% -"s*"8'&!# (7%7!&(8 "*&!# #8*"#7("(8 #"! !-!*!-!& #%s&(&&(% (8"-

9


15/123

!&& *"#! &!##%#(s- !0&%#&(%*"7-"(* #(!# s-88*(8%"'(8 !s"ss(8 $%#8!# !#/# 8#" *"#!(!!& !0%s#! !"s% $#" '(/"7(8

FELONY MISDEMEANOUR

a)/ed )'((e)* s+'#%i1tin4

6II. C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(%= *%%7(8 &'! !) )%#s ( &'! G*%s"##;

95 An* 3itness s+a%% ta


16/123

a@ De$eit (@ S/u44%in4 $@ C'))u#ti'n d@ F')4e)*

5 Sin$e t+e de1endant did n't +a,e a $)i/ina% )e$')d0 +e 4't a3a* 3it+ a s/a%% 55555555555 5

a@ )ans'/ (@ #unis+/ent $@ 1ine d@ ti$5 S+e 55555555555555555555 )e%eased 'n (ai% %ast 3ee


17/123

K5 As s''n as t+e ;u)* 555555555555555555 t+e ,e)di$t0 t+e $ase 3as dis/issed5

a@ +ad #)'n'un$ed (@ #)'n'un$ed $@ +as #)'n'un$ed d@ #)'n'un$es

5 E,e)*('d* 3'nde)ed 3+* +e 55555555555555555 $au4+t )ed-+anded (e1')e5

a@ +asn8t (een (@ 3asn8t $@ +adn8t (een d@ 3'u%dn8t (e

9M5 T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e ;u)* 55555555555555555 1') +'u)s 3+en t+e* 1ina%%* )ea$+ed a ,e)di$t5

a@ 3e)e de%i(e)atin4 (@ de%i(e)ated $@ +a,e (een de%i(e)atin4 d@ +ad (een

de%i(e)atin4

995 S+e t'%d /e t+at s+e 555555555555555555555 1i%in4 1') di,')$e 1') a %'n4 ti/e5

a@ $'nside)ed (@ +ad (een $'nside)in4 $@ 3'u%d $'nside) d@ +as (een $'nside)in4

95 I 5555555555555555555555555 in a $'u)t '1 %a3 sin$e /* #a)ents 1i%ed 1') a di,')$e5

a@ 3asn8t (@ +a,en8t (een $@ 3'n8t (e d@ +adn8t (een

9>5 As s''n as t+e sea)$+ 3a))ant 555555555555555555555 t+e* 3i%% (e a%%'3ed t' %''< 1') t+e

d'$u/ents5

a@ +as (een issued (@ 3i%% (e issued $@ 3as issued d@ +ad (een issued

95 5555555555555555 +is $)i/ina% )e$')d 555555555555555555555 t' t+e s%i4+test detai%O

a@ 6as $+e$


18/123

UNIT 3

T'! E#%!" C%#& %$ Js&(! C%-%s(&(% " S!

T+e )e#)e&entati,es '1 t+e /e/(e) states did n't (* $'//'n a$$')d a4)ee 'n t+e seat '1 t+eC'u)t unti% 90 3+en t+e* 3e)e e/#'3e)ed t' d' s' (* A)ti$%e 9 EEC5 As a )esu%t0 t+e*t''< t+e de$isi'n t+at t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e s+'u%d )e/ain in Lue/('u)45 T+is )''tin4 '1 t+e

C'u)t in Lue/('u)4 is 'ne 1a$t') in +e%#in4 t' 4i,e t+e C'u)t a st)'n4 esprit de corps5T+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e $'nsists '1 1i1teen ;ud4es and nine ad,'$ates-4ene)a%0 3+' a)ea##'inted (* $'//'n a$$')d '1 t+e 4',e)n/ents '1 t+e /e/(e) states 1') a )ene3a(%e te)/'1 si *ea)s5 T' (e a##'inted t' 'ne '1 t+ese '11i$es a #e)s'n +as t' eit+e) #'ssess t+eua%i1i$ati'ns )eui)ed 1') a##'int/ent t' t+e +i4+est ;udi$ia% '11i$es in +is ') +e) )es#e$ti,e$'unt)ies ') (e ;u)is$'nsu%ts '1 )e$'4ni&ed $'/#eten$e5 A%t+'u4+ in st)i$t %a3 t+e ;ud4es andad,'$ates-4ene)a% $'u%d (e '1 an* nati'na%it*0 in #)a$ti$e ea$+ /e/(e) state 3i%% n'/inate'ne '1 its '3n nati'na%s as a ;ud4e0 and t+e 1i,e %a)4est states Q F)an$e0 Ge)/an*0 Ita%*0S#ain and t+e United in4d'/ Q 3i%% ea$+ n'/inate an ad,'$ate-4ene)a%5 T+e )e/ainin4

ad,'$ates-4ene)a% a)e a##'inted (* t+e s/a%%e) /e/(e) states in a$$')dan$e 3it+ a s*ste/'1 )'tati'n5 2e%4iu/ +ad an ad,'$ate-4ene)a% 1)'/ 9KK t' 90 Den/a)< 1)'/ 99 t'9:0 G)ee$e 1)'/ 9 t' MMM and I)e%and 1)'/ 9 t' MMM5 A disad,anta4e '1 t+e)'tati'n s*ste/ is t+at n' /atte) +'3 'utstandin4 t+e #e)s'n is0 it is i/#'ssi(%e 1') +i/ ')+e) t' (e )ea##'inted at t+e end '1 si *ea)s5An 'dd nu/(e) '1 ;ud4es is /aintained in ')de) t' a%%'3 t+e 1u%% $'u)t t' sit and t' )ea$+ a/a;')it* de$isi'n5 A%% de$isi'ns '1 t+e C'u)t a)e si4ned (* a%% t+e ;ud4es 3+et+e) t+e* 3e)ein t+e /in')it* ') t+e /a;')it*0 s' it is i/#'ssi(%e t'


19/123

I. F(** ( &'! 8"s )(&' &'! -(ss(8 )%#s $#%- &'! &!0&;

95 Lue/('u)4 is t+e seat '1 t+e a$tua% 55555555555555555555555555555555555555 55 T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e Eu)'#ean C'u)t '1 Justi$e a)e a##'inted (*

t+e 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 5>5 55555555555555555555555555555555555555 +as t+e )i4+t t' n'/inate 'ne '1 its '3n nati'na%s as a

;ud4e5

5 Fi,e ad,'$ates-4ene)a% a)e a##'inted (* 5555555555555555555555555555550 3+i%e t+e 't+e)1'u) a)e a##'inted (* 55555555555555555555555555555 5

5 T+e disad,anta4e '1 555555555555555555555555 is t+at a /e/(e) '1 t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e$ann't (e )ea##'inted at t+e end '1 si *ea)s5

5 H'3 d' 3e


20/123

5 Ans3e). In ')de) t' a%%'3 t+e 1u%% $'u)t t' sit and t' )ea$+ a /a;')it* de$isi'n5Xuesti'n.

5 Ans3e). A%% t+e ;ud4es5Xuesti'n.

:5 Ans3e). U#'n t+e a$$essi'n '1 ne3 /e/(e) states5

Xuesti'n.

K5 Ans3e). Se,en5Xuesti'n.

5 Ans3e). Aust)ia0 Fin%and and S3eden5Xuesti'n.

9M5Ans3e). Si $+a/(e)s '1 ;ud4es5

Xuesti'n.

III. T#"s*"&! &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s (&% R%-"("= "(8 "&&!&(% &% &'! )%#s!#*(!;

95 T+is )''tin4 '1 t+e C'u)t in Lue/('u)4 is 'ne 1a$t') in +e%#in4 t' 4i,e t+e C'u)t ast)'n4 esprit de corps5

5 T' (e a##'inted t' 'ne '1 t+ese '11i$es a #e)s'n +as t' eit+e) #'ssess t+eua%i1i$ati'ns )eui)ed 1') a##'int/ent t' t+e +i4+est ;udi$ia% '11i$es in +is ') +e))es#e$ti,e $'unt)ies ') (e ;u)is$'nsu%ts '1 )e$'4ni&ed $'/#eten$e5

>5 A disad,anta4e '1 t+e )'tati'n s*ste/ is t+at n' /atte) +'3 'utstandin4 t+e #e)s'n is0it is i/#'ssi(%e 1') +i/ ') +e) t' (e )ea##'inted at t+e end '1 si *ea)s5

M


21/123

5 A%% de$isi'ns '1 t+e C'u)t a)e si4ned (* a%% t+e ;ud4es 3+et+e) t+e* 3e)e in t+e/in')it* ') t+e /a;')it*0 s' it is i/#'ssi(%e t'


22/123

>5 t' sit Y >5 a 1i n edinB0 a se nt)uni5 t' $'n,ene a /eetin4sessi'n Y 5 a $'n,'$a ' nt)uni)eedinB5 t' $'n,ene a #e)s'n (e1')e t)ia% t'su//'n s(5 Y

5 a $ita ' #e)s'an s se #)e&inte %at)i(una%

5 t' )un 1') a #'stan '11i$e Y 5 a-i de#une $andidatu)a #ent)u un#'st1un$Bie

:5 t' stand 1') Pa)%ia/ent Y :5 a $andida #ent)u Pa)%a/entK5 t' diss'%,e Pa)%ia/ent Y K5 a di&'%,a Pa)%a/entu%5 t' +ea) a $asea 3itness Y 5 a audia un $a&0 un /a)t') 9M5 t' dis/iss a $ase Y 9M5 a de$%a)a un $a& n$+is

95 T+e !iniste) '1 Justi$e is 4'in4 t' 5555555555555555555 #)esiden$*55 T+e de(t') 3as 55555555555555555555 t' a##ea) (e1')e t+e /a4ist)ates5>5 T+e ;ud4es and ad,'$ates-4ene)a% a)e 555555555555555555 (* t+e 4',e)n/ents '1 t+e

/e/(e) states5

5 T+e /ana4e) '1 t+e $'/#an* +as 5555555555555555 an u)4ent /eetin4 3it+ t+es+a)e+'%de)s55 Ja/es 3as 555555555555555 $+ai)/an (* a /a;')it* '1 ,'te)s55 T+e C'u)t is n'3 5555555555555555 in #%ena)* sessi'n5:5 I d' n't t+in< t+at +is ua%i1i$ati'ns )e$'//end +i/ t' 5555555555555555555 Pa)%ia/ent5K5 T+is $ase is 1a) t'' i/#')tant t' (e 555555555555555 in a $+a/(e)55 6+' +as t+e aut+')it* t' 555555555555555 Pa)%ia/entO9M5 T+e C'u)t 555555555555555 t+e $ase due t' %a$< '1 +a)d e,iden$e5

6I.C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(%= *%%7(8 &'! !) )%#s ( &'! G*%s"##;

95 S+e 3i%% s''n 55555555555555555 t)ia% 1') t+e #a)t s+e #%a*ed in t+e )e$ent )'((e)*5

a@ 4i,e (@ #e)1')/ $@ /a


23/123

a@ $'n1is$ated (@ denied $@ )e/',ed d@ de#)i,ed

:5 I1 *'u $an8t )es'%,e t+e dis#ute0 it 3i%% +a,e t' (e sett%ed (*55555555555555555555555

a@ a)(it)ati'n (@ $'u)t $@ e%e$ti'n d@ )e1e)ee

K5 A%% +is 1)iends t+'u4+t +e 3as 4ui%t*0 (ut n' 'ne $'u%d 5555555555555555 an*t+in4 a4ainst +i/5

a@ a$$use (@ ensu)e $@ #'int d@ #)',e

5 As t+e )esu%t '1 a #'%i$e 5555555555555 'n t+e dis$'0 t3ent* teena4e)s 3e)e a))ested5

a@ in,asi'n (@ )aid $@ int)usi'n d@ ent)*

9M5 As +e didn8t +a,e a $)i/ina% 55555555555550 t+e ;ud4e senten$ed +i/ t' M +'u)s '1

$'//unit* 3')


24/123

a@ $'nside)ed (@ +ad (een $'nside)in4 $@ 3'u%d $'nside) d@ +as (een $'nside)in4

9M5T+is ti/e t'/'))'3 t+e* 55555555555555555555 t+e 3itness5

a@ 3i%% $)'ss-ea/ine (@ 3'u%d $)'ss-ea/ine $@ 3i%% (e $)'ss-ea/inin4

d@ a)e $)'ss-ea/inin4

995 2* t+e end '1 t+is *ea) +e 555555555555555555555555 ten *ea)s in #)is'n5

a@ 3i%% (e s#endin4 (@ 3i%% s#end $@ 3i%% +a,e s#ent d@ +as s#ent

956e


25/123

UNIT 4

Is&(&&(%s %$ &'! C%--(&

S!&(% 4 T'! C%#& %$ Js&(!

A#&(*! 1,K

A !e/(e) State 3+i$+ $'nside)s t+at an't+e) !e/(e) State +as 1ai%ed t' 1u%1i% an '(%i4ati'nunde) t+is T)eat* /a* ()in4 t+e /atte) (e1')e t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e52e1')e a !e/(e) State ()in4s an a$ti'n a4ainst an't+e) !e/(e) State 1') an a%%e4edin1)in4e/ent '1 an '(%i4ati'n unde) t+is T)eat*0 it s+a%% ()in4 t+e /atte) (e1')e t+eC'//issi'n5

T+e C'//issi'n s+a%% de%i,e) a )eas'ned '#ini'n a1te) ea$+ '1 t+e States $'n$e)ned +as (een4i,en t+e '##')tunit* t' su(/it its '3n $ase and its '(se),ati'ns 'n t+e 't+e) #a)t*8s $ase('t+ ')a%%* and in 3)itin45I1 t+e C'//issi'n +as n't de%i,e)ed an '#ini'n 3it+in t+)ee /'nt+s '1 t+e date 'n 3+i$+ t+e/atte) 3as ()'u4+t (e1')e it0 t+e a(sen$e '1 su$+ '#ini'n s+a%% n't #)e,ent t+e /atte) 1)'/

(ein4 ()'u4+t (e1')e t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e5

A#&(*! 1,1

95 I1 t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e 1inds t+at a !e/(e) State +as 1ai%ed t' 1u%1i% an '(%i4ati'nunde) t+is T)eat*0 t+e State s+a%% (e )eui)ed t' ta


26/123

I. M"&' &'! !) !0#!ss(%s $#%- &'! &!0& "%v! ( %*- A )(&' &'!(# R%-"("!:(v"*!&s ( %*- B;

A 2

95 t' 1u%1i% an '(%i4ati'n Y a5 a nu #)e;udi$ia5 t' ()in4 a /atte) (e1')e Y (5 a /#iedi$aa nu #e)/ite>5 t' ()in4 an a$ti'n a4ainst s(5 Y $5 a #)e,edeasta(i%is#e$i1i$a5 an a%%e4ed in1)in4e/ent '1 an '(%i4ati'n Y d5 a nde#%ini ' '(%i4aBie5 t' de%i,e) a )eas'ned '#ini'n Y e5 a i/#une ' #%at 1')1eta) sau ' a/end5 t' (e 4i,en t+e '##')tunit* Y 15 a se $'n1')/aa )es#e$ta:5 t' su(/it a $ase t' Y 45 a su#une ' #)'(%e/ atenBiei

K5 t' #)e,ent s/t+5 1)'/ ,-in4 Y +5 a t)ans/ite ' '#inie nte/eiat5 t' $'/#%* 3it+ Y i5 a intenta un #)'$es $ui,a9M5 t' %a* ?%aid0 %aid@ d'3n Y ;5 a su#une un $a& s#)e ea/ina)e995 t' i/#'se a %u/# su/ ') a #ena%t*

#a*/ent Y5 T+e in1)in4e/ent '1 $'#*-)i4+t 55 5

5 A1te) +ea)in4 +is )eas'ned '#ini'n0 3e

5 A%% I need is t' (e 4i,en t+e '##')tunit* t'

5 6+at 5 in ')de) t' su(/it t+is $ase t' *'u)$'//issi'nO


27/123

:5 T+e ne3 %e4is%ati'n #)e,ented +i/ 1')/ 5

K5 ='u +a,e t' 55 t' $'/#* 3it+ t+e se$'nd $%ausein 'u) $'nt)a$t5

5 A$$')din4 t' a)ti$%e 9:M0 %aid d'3n (* t+e 5

9M5 6+i$+ is t+e +ea,iest #ena%t* t+at 5

995 !a v(%*"#!= "= @*"#!= %"v!(#! *" % #!8*@($#(8!-!& %$ > ($#"?(!= v(%*"#!= "= @*"#!= #!#%!#! (*((&@&% #!"7 > " @*" *!8!"= " #!s!&"

$'nt)a$t $'#*-)i4+t

a t)eat* ?t+e@ #ea$e t)ust s(8s#)i,a$*

#)'/ise

()ea$+ '1 ,i'%ati'n '1in1)in4e/ent'1t' ()ea< ?aan@

t+e+i4+3a*$'de

%a3 +u/an)i4+ts

#atents $'n1iden$e s(8s%i(e)t*

#)'t'$'%

()ea$+ '1

,i'%ati'n '1in1)in4e/ent'1t' ()ea< ?aan@

I6. C'%%s! $#%- &'! %**%"&(%s ( !0!#(s! III. &'! E8*(s' !:(v"*!&s $%# &'!$%**%)(8 " &'! s! &'!- ( %# %) s!&!!s;

:


28/123

a(u& de n$)ede)e Y n$%$a)ea ')dinii #u(%i$e Y ,i'%a)ea se$)etu%ui Y )e#)'du$e)e i%i$it a d)e#tu%ui de aut') Y )e#)'du$e)e i%i$it de ()e,ete Y

6.C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(%= *%%7(8 &'! !) )%#s ( &'! G*%s"##;

95 T+e 3'/an sittin4 in t+e 3itness 555555555555 3i%% $e)tain%* $'//it #e);u)*5

a@ (' (@ stand $@ seat d@ (en$+

5 A 55555555555555 3i%% (e a##'inted t' in,esti4ate t+e ,i'%ent and sus#i$i'us deat+ '1 t+e

teena4e)5

a@ #)'se$ut') (@ d'$t') $@ $')'ne) d@ ;ud4e

>5 He 3as $au4+t 555555555555555555555 stea%in4 /'ne* 1)'/ t+e $as+-('5

a@ )ed-+anded (@ +ea,*-+anded $@ %i4+t-1in4e)ed d@ +ea,*-set

5 ='u $an8t +a,e (u)4%ed t+e +'use a%'ne0 s' 3+' 3as *'u) 555555555555555 O

a@ a%%* (@ a$$'/#%i$e $@ assistant d@ ass'$iate

5 6i%


29/123

a@ $+a)4ed (@ 1ined $@ ')de)ed d@ #ena%i&ed

95 As it 3as +e) 1i)st '11en$e0 t+e ;ud4e 4a,e +e) a 555555555555555 senten$e5

a@


30/123

a@ s+a%% (@ /ust $@ 3i%% d@ +a,e t'

6II. T'! -"( $&(%s %$ M%"* 6!#s '"v! !! (("&! ( &'! %0 !*%). I!&($!"' $&(% (**s"&! ( &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s;

#)esent #ast a(i%it* ina(i%it* #'ssi(i%it* )e/'te #'ssi(i%it*

i/#'ssi(i%it* #e)/issi'n '(%i4ati'n a(sen$e '1 '(%i4ati'n ne$essit*

#)'+i(iti'n %'4i$a% assu/#ti'n ?a11i)/ati,e@ %'4i$a% assu/#ti'n ?ne4ati,e@

ad,i$e $)iti$is/ )euests '11e)s su44esti'ns )e4u%ati'ns

E0"-*!;The Court of -ustice shall ha$e jurisdiction in an! dispute bet#een ember States. )!8*"&(%s

95 T+e #a)ties t' t+e #)'$eedin4s -"a##ea% t' t+e C'u)t '1 ;usti$e5 5 He %*&testi1* a4ainst an inn'$ent /an5 >5 I !!t' 1ind a ,e)* 4''d %a3*e) t' 4et /e 'ut '1 #)is'n5 5 He %*&+a,e (een $'n,i$ted t' $a#ita% #unis+/ent +e 3as ;ust a #i$


31/123

UNIT 5

I. R!" &'! $%**%)(8 &!0&s " '%%s! &'! %##!s%(8 '!"*(! $%# !"' %$ &'!-;

12 !"#s $%# &'(!$ )'% *!$& +,- IOU6"*!&(! 7(**!# 8(v! *($! ( /"(*

L($! s!&!! $%# %*! #"(s&P $"!s /"(* $%# s!0 "ss"*&s

A 1inan$ia% ad,ise) 3+' st'%e [9M /i%%i'n 1)'/ K /ain%* e%de)%* #)i,ate in,est')s andt+e Ha%i1a (an< t' 1eed +is 4a/(%in4 +a(it 3as ;ai%ed 1') 9 *ea)s *este)da*5G)a+a/ P)i$e0 K0 '1 L%ansa/%et0 nea) S3ansea0 an a4ent 1') t+e Ha%i1a and a$'nsu%tant0 3as $au4+t 3+en t+e IU 1') [: /i%%i'n +e +ad %e1t in a sa1e 3as 1'und5 Head/itted > t+e1t $+a)4es5

S3ansea C)'3n C'u)t 3as t'%d t+at P)i$e t'%d dete$ti,es +e (e%ie,ed +e needed 'ne /')e3ee< '1 4a/(%in4 'n +')ses t' 4et t+e /'ne* (a$9


32/123

Pau% D*s'n0 >90 3as 4i,en a %i1e senten$e 1') 3+at a ;ud4e des$)i(ed as t+e ]uns#ea


33/123

95 6+' 3as G)a+a/ P)i$e and 3+at 3as +e $+a)4ed 3it+O

5 6+at ;ai% senten$e did G)a+a/ P)i$e )e$ei,eO

>5 6+at did G)a+a/ P)i$e need t+e st'%en /'ne* 1')O

5 H'3 '%d 3as A/i) 2utt and 3+at did +e d'O

5 6+at 3as A/i) 2utt 1'und 4ui%t* '1O

5 H'3 did Lee 6a%>


34/123

6ERBAL TENSES ACTI6E 6OICE PASSI6E 6OICE

P)esent Tense Si/#%e $+a)4e a/isa)e $+a)4!P)esent TenseC'ntinu'us

isa)e ea/inin4 isa)e !(8 ea/in!

Past Tense Si/#%e senten$ed 3as3e)e senten$!Past TenseC'ntinu'us

3as3e)e inte))'4atin4 3as3e)e !(8 inte))'4at!

P)esent Pe)1e$t +as+a,e 1'und +as+a,e !! 1'undPast Pe)1e$t +ad )e%eased +ad !!)e%eas!Futu)e Tense Si/#%e 3i%%s+a%% in$%ude 3i%%s+a%% !in$%ud!Futu)e Pe)1e$t 3i%%s+a%% +a,e ad/itted 3i%%s+a%% +a,e !!ad/itt!C'nditi'na% 3'u%d )e;e$t 3'u%d !)e;e$t!Pe)1e$t C'nditi'na% 3'u%d +a,e a))ested 3'u%d +a,e !! a))est!Ge)und #)a$tisin4 !(8#)a$tis!L'n4 In1initi,e t' $'n,i$t t' !$'n,i$t!

Pe)1e$t In1initi,e t' +a,e $'//itted t' +a,e !!$'//itt!

6. P& &'! v!#s ( #"7!&s (&% &'! "ss(v! v%(! %$ &'! &!s! (("&!;

E0"-*!; $alue added ta2 (3T/ rate of 14 per cent ....................... (appl! 5 Past TenseSimple/ to #ine in 6elgium.

$alue added ta2 (3T/ rate of 14 per cent was appliedto #ine in 6elgium.

95 T+is $ase 5 ?de$ide QPresent Perfect@ a4ainst 2e%4iu/55 T+e n'ti'n '1 #)'te$ti'n ?i%%ust)ate Q Future Tense Simple@ in t+enet #a)a4)a#+5

>5 A $+a)4e t+at 5 ?$at$+ QPresent Tense Simple@ (* A)ti$%e 9 is un%a31u%55 T+e /atte) 5 ?;ud4e QPast Tense Simple@ in t+e %i4+t '1 A)ti$%e 55 T+e )e#a*/ent t' an e#')te) '1 a su/ e$eedin4 t+e inte)na% dut*

?#)'+i(it QPresent Tense Simple@ (* A)ti$%e 55 Tain4 e#')ts at a %'3e) )ate t+an d'/esti$ #)'du$ts 5 ?$'nside) Q

Present Perfect@ a dis$)i/inat')* #)a$ti$e5:5 T+e te)/s '1 t+e $'nt)a$t 55 a%)ead* ?dis$uss QPast Perfect@ (e1')e

t+e t3' #a)ties si4ned it5K5 T+e /ain 3itnesses in t+e /u)de) $ase sti%% 55 ?+ea) QPast

Tense Continous@ (* t+e ;ud4e 3+en t+e #'%iti$ian /ade a #)ess )e%ease55 T+e t3' di#%'/ats 55 n'3 5 ?es$')t QPresent Tense Continous@ t' t+e

A/e)i$an E/(ass*59M5 Si ('/( atta$


35/123

995 A ne3 3a)nin4 5 ?issue QFuture Tense Simple@ 1') t+e )e1u4ees t'%ea,e t+e $a/# i//ediate%*5

95 !')e 1unds 5 ?a%%'$ate QPerfect Conditional@ t' t+e !inist)* '1Justi$e i1 t+e 4',e)n/ent +ad ,'ted t+e ne3 (ud4et %a35

6I. C'"8! &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s $#%- A&(v! 6%(! (&% P"ss(v! 6%(!< &'!!#*(! (#!& %/!&s )(** !%-! &'! s/!&s %$ &'! "ss(v! s!&!!s;

E0"-*!;This rticle entitlesthe holder of intellectual propert! rights to financial compensations.The holder of intellectual propert! rights is entitledto financial compensations b! this

rticle.

95 T+e* a%% $'nside)ed t+at t+e C'u)t '1 Fi)st Instan$e '" s!A)ti$%e K i/#)'#e)%*5T+e* a%% $'nside)ed t+at A)ti$%e K (* 5 T+e C'u)t )(** &"7!/easu)es t' )e$'n$i%e t+e in$'/#ati(i%it* '1 nati'na% #)'#e)t*

)i4+ts 3it+ t+e #u)suit '1 e$'n'/i$ inte4)ati'n5!easu)es 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555>5 S/it+ D)u4 P+a)/a$euti$a%s '" "&!&!a d)u4 $a%%ed Ne4)a/ unde) 2)itis+ %a35A d)u4 $a%%ed Ne4)a/ 555555555555555555555555555555 unde) 2)itis+ %a3 (* 5 T+e C'//issi'n #!/!&!t+is A)ti$%e 'n t+e 4)'unds '1 un;usti1ied dis$)i/inati'n5T+is A)ti$%e 55 (* 55 T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e Ju)* )!#!sti%% !*(!#"&(8u#'n t+e /atte) '1 )eas'na(%e d'u(t5T+e /atte) '1 )eas'na(%e d'u(t sti%% 5 (* 5 T+e $%ient '"s;ust #%!a%% $+a)4es a4ainst t+e ad,e)tisin4 a4en$* t+at did n't

)es#e$t its dead%ines5A%% $+a)4es 555555555555555555555555555 :5 An* %a3*e) 8#"&st+e (ene1it '1 t+e d'u(t e,en t' a +a)dened $)i/ina%5T+e (ene1it '1 t+e d'u(t E,en a +a)dened $)i/ina% 55K5 T+e C'u)t (s-(ss!*'u) a##ea% due t' %a$< '1 1u)t+e) e,iden$e5='u) a##ea% 5555 T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e 1a/i%* )(**de1inite%* %&!s&t+is 3i%%5T+is 3i%% (* 559M5 T+e* )%*& '"v! *%s!t+at $'nt)',e)sia% 1i%e i1 t+e* '" $%at %east 'ne e*e

3itness t' testi1*5T+at $'nt)',e)sia% 1i%e i1 at %east 'ne e*e 3itness 555

6II. C'%%s! &'! %##!& v!#s(% "(8 "&&!&(% &% &'! s! %$ P"ss(v! 6%(!;

95 !an* +'uses in t+is a)ea int' (* (u)4%a)s5a@ +a,e (een (ein4 ()'


36/123

d@ +a,e (ein4 ()'


37/123

(@ T+e issue '1 $'/#etiti'n %a3 3as sti%% de(atin4 at t+at #'int t+e /e/(e)s '1 t+eEu)'#ean Pa)%ia/ent5

$@ T+e issue '1 $'/#etiti'n %a3 3as sti%% (ein4 de(ated at t+at #'int (* t+e /e/(e)s '1t+e Eu)'#ean Pa)%ia/ent5

d@ T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e Eu)'#ean Pa)%ia/ent 3e)e sti%% (ein4 de(ated (* t+e issue '1$'/#etiti'n %a35

5 C+''se t+e $'))e$t En4%is+ t)ans%ati'n 1') t+e 1'%%'3in4 R'/anian #assi,e senten$e.Nu s-a ajuns #n$ la nii o onlu%ie u privire la noua le"e a adop&iei!

a@ N' $'n$%usi'n +asn8t *et (een )ea$+ed )e4a)din4 t+e ne3 ad'#ti'n %a35(@ N' $'n$%usi'n +as *et (een )ea$+ed )e4a)din4 t+e ne3 ad'#ti'n %a35$@ N' $'n$%usi'n 3as )ea$+ed *et )e4a)din4 t+e ne3 ad'#ti'n %a35d@ =et0 n' $'n$%usi'n is )ea$+ed )e4a)din4 t+e ne3 ad'#ti'n %a35

9M5C+''se t+e $'))e$t eui,a%ent senten$e 1') t+e 1'%%'3in4. People say that 'r!Johnson had business diffiulties in the past!

a@ Di11i$u%ties a)e said t' +a,e (een +ad (* !)5 J'+ns'n in t+e #ast5(@ !)5 J'+ns'n is said t' +a,in4 +ad (usiness di11i$u%ties in t+e #ast5$@ !)5 J'+ns'n is said t' +a,e +ad (usiness di11i$u%ties in t+e #ast5d@ It is said t+at !)5 J'+ns'n +as +ad (usiness di11i$u%ties in t+e #ast5

>:


38/123

UNIT 9

I#":( /"(*! %v!# B#(&(s' "( )%#7!# 7(**(8

1. L($! ( #(s% $%# &'! "!&&!# %$ M"#8"#!& H"ss"s 7("!#s C

An I)ai /an +as (een senten$ed t' %i1e in #)is'n in $'nne$ti'n 3it+ t+e /u)de) '1!a)4a)et Hassan0 t+e 2)itis+ aid 3')


39/123

=este)da* +e) 1a/i%* said t+at0 du)in4 +e) $a#ti,it*0 t+e


40/123

II. F%# :!s&(%s 15= '%%s! &'! "s)!# A= B= C %# D )'(' % &'(7 $(&s !s&"%#(8 &% &'! &!s&< s%-!&(-!s -%#! &'" %! %&(% -" ! v"*(;

1. W' ( Ms&"$" S"*-" 7!! M"#8"#!& H"ss"s #s! " %-!&s ( '(s'%s!

A5 He 3anted t' as< !a)4a)et8s 1a/i%* 1') a )ans'/5

25 T+e #u)se $'ntained ,a%ua(%e #'ssessi'ns t+at +e intended t' se%%5

C5 !a)4a)et Hassan8s #u)se and d'$u/ents +ad (een #%a$ed unde) +is $a)e5

D5 !usta1a8s ass'$iates t+)eatened t'


41/123

D5 #enin4 a dia%'4ue 3it+ t+e


42/123

95Te))')ists )es')t 55 ,i'%en$e as a #'%iti$a% 3ea#'n5

a@ at (@ t' $@ 'n d@ int'

5 T+e un


43/123

a@ 'n (@ d'3n $@ u# d@ 'ut

9>5 Xuite 1)'/ t+is #)'(%e/0 $an su$+ tests #)edi$t 3+at t+e 1utu)e +'%ds in st')e1') usO

a@ aside (@ a#a)t $@ a3a* d@ 'ut

95 I 4ene)a%%* a4)ee 5 *'u0 (ut I st)'n4%* '(;e$t 55 *'u) (e+a,in4 s' )ude%*5

a@ t'0 t' (@ 3it+0 t' (@ t'0 at d@ 3it+0 3it+

95 He #%eaded 4ui%t* 55 /ans%au4+te) a1te) t)*in4 t' es$a#e 1)'/ #'%i$e $ust'd*5

a@ '1 (@ t' $@ a4ainst d@ 1')

95T+e %'))* (e%'n4ed 5 an e-$'n,i$t t+at )ented %and 'n S/it+s Fa)/0 in N')t+'%t0

3est L'nd'n5a@ 3it+ (@ t' $@ '1 d@ in

9:5 2't+ /en 3e)e /eant t' (e 5 su),ei%%en$e at t+e ti/e '1 t+e


44/123

UNIT ,

H%-! %$(!-!&

rrested and charged #ith possession of a controlled substance #ith intent to distribute,

illiam, a 789!ear9old man #ith a histor! of substance abuse, a#aits his :da! in court,:#hich is 7 months a#a!.

ean#hile, illiam must remain at home, e2cept for a fe# select acti$ities. ;uring the

#eek, he lea$es the house for his job as a #elder at precisel! < a.m. and returns home no

later than 4 p.m. =e attends the < p.m. meeting of >arcotics non!mous at the locallibrar! e$er! Thursda!. =e grocer! shops at 1 p.m. e$er! Saturda! and goes to church 5

al#a!s attending the 08 a.m. ser$ice 5 e$er! Sunda!.

illiam is not just on a rigid schedule, he is under home confinement. +nstead of sending

him to jail, the court decided to release him to the communit! on the condition that heremain at home e2cept for certain appro$ed acti$ities. =is presence in his home and his

absences from it are monitored electronicall! b! an ankle bracelet he #ears 1? hours ada!.

A S!#v(s(% T%%*

H%-! %$(!-!& (s " &%%* &'"& '!*s U.S. #%"&(% " #!("* s!#v(!s %$$(!#ss!#v(s!= %# -%(&%#= !$!"&s " %$$!!#s ( &'! %--(&. In t+e 1ede)a%$'u)ts0 +'/e $'n1ine/ent is n't a senten$e in and '1 itse%1 (ut /a* (e a $'nditi'n '1eit+e) #)'(ati'n0 #a)'%e0 su#e),ised )e%ease0 ') #)et)ia% )e%ease5 A #e)s'n #%a$ed unde)+'/e $'n1ine/ent is $'n1ined t' +is ') +e) )esiden$e0 usua%%* %in


45/123

$'nditi'ns and needs a)e 1a$t')s t+at '11i$e)s $a)e1u%%* $'nside)5 P)e,i'us 1ai%u)es 'nsu#e),isi'n0 )is< t' t+e #u(%i$ t+at t+e #e)s'n #)esents0 t+i)d-#a)t* )is< ?su$+ as #)e,i'usin$idents '1 d'/esti$ ,i'%en$e in t+e +'use+'%d@0 and t+e #e)s'ns 3i%%in4ness t'

#a)ti$i#ate a)e $'nside)ati'ns as 3e%%5

C%'se su#e),isi'n (* '11i$e)s is a $)u$ia% $'/#'nent '1 t+e +'/e $'n1ine/ent #)'4)a/5T+e '11i$e)s ;'( is de/andin40 ti/e $'nsu/in40 and s'/eti/es dan4e)'us5 It )eui)es

1)euent #+'ne $a%%s t' /a


46/123

95 C'//unit* Se),i$e is a s#e$ia% $'nditi'n i/#'sed (* t+e $'u)t t+at )eui)es anindi,idua% t' 3')< Q 3it+'ut #a* Q 1') a $i,i$ ') n'n#)'1it ')4ani&ati'n5

5 6+en a #a)'%ee is )e%eased t' t+e $'//unit*0 +e ') s+e is n' %'n4e) #%a$edunde) t+e su#e),isi'n '1 a U5S5 #)'(ati'n '11i$e)5

>5 Du)in4 t+e #)'(ati'n #e)i'd0 an indi,idua% is su#e),ised (* a #)'(ati'n '11i$e)5

5 A su#e),ised )e%ease )e#%a$es a $e)tain #')ti'n '1 t+e senten$e '1 i/#)is'n/ent5

5 In #'st-senten$e $ases0 +'/e $'n1ine/ent is seen as /')e #uniti,e t+ani/#)is'n/ent5

5 A #e)s'n 3+' ,i'%ates t+e $'nditi'ns '1 +is+e) su#e),isi'n /a* (e san$ti'nedt' +'/e $'n1ine/ent5

:5 A%% $ate4')ies '1 '11ende)s a)e a%%'3ed t' #a)ti$i#ate in t+e +'/e $'n1ine/ent#)'4)a/5

K5 H'/e $'n1ine/ent /a* in$%ude t+e use '1 e%e$t)'ni$ /'nit')in4 eui#/ent5

5 T+e 'n%* $ases 3+en a #e)s'n #%a$ed unde) +'/e $'n1ine/ent is a%%'3ed t'%ea,e +'/e a)e 3')< and /edi$a% a##'int/ents5

9M5 T+e ;ud4es dete)/ine i1 '11ende)s a)e e%i4i(%e 1') t+e +'/e $'n1ine/ent

#)'4)a/5

III. F#%- &'! v!#s ( %*- A= !#(v! &'! %##!s%(8 %s %*- B ""/!&(v!s %*- C= s(8 &'! s$$(0!s 8(v!;

A B C

6!#s N%s; "!= (%= -!&= "*=!#

A/!&(v!s; != (8= "*!=(v!

95 t' #unis+ #unis+-!&0 #unis+!# #unis+!0 #unis+"*!0 #unis+(8

5 t' $'n1ine

>5 t' senten$e

5 t' )e%ease


47/123

5 t' $'/#%ete

5 t' /'nit')

:5 t' #'ssess

K5 t' se%e$t

5 t' attend

9M5 t' a##)',e

995 t' de1end

95 t' su#e),ise

9>5 t' )est)i$t

95 t' )eui)e

95 t' $'nside)

I6. Us! &'! )%#s 8(v! ( "(&"*s "& &'! ! %$ *(!s &% $%#- " )%# &'"& $(&s ( &'!s"! ( &'! s"-! *(!< &'!#! (s " !0"-*! % &'! $(#s& *(!;

E*!%( M%(&%#(8

In /'st $ases0 U5S5 #)'(ati'n and #)et)ia% se),i$es '11i$e)s use

e%e$t)'ni$ -%(&%#(8 in su#e),isin4 #e)s'ns #%a$ed unde) +'/e

$'n1ine/ent5 T+e indi,idua% 3ea)s a ta/#e)-)esistant 5 'n

t+e an


48/123

t+at t+e #e)s'n is in )an4e0 ') at +'/e5 T+e #e)s'n /ust sta* 3it+in

9M 1eet '1 t+e )e$ei,in4 unit t' (e in )an4e5 T+e

t)ans/itte) and t+e )e$ei,e)dia%e) unit 3')< t'4et+e) t' dete$t and

)e#')t t+e ti/es t+e #e)s'n ente)s and eits +is ') +e) +'/e5

CONSIDER

6. C'%%s! &'! %##!& *#"* $%#- %$ &'! $%**%)(8 %s &% %-*!&! &'! s!&!!;

95 6e need a ne4'tiat') t' ta%< t' t+e 5 5

a@ +'sta4es-ta


49/123

a@ $)ite)i'ns (@ $)ite)ia $@ $)ite)ias

9M5 6+i$+ a)e t+e dai%* '1 a #)is'ne)O

a@ a$ti,it*es (@ a$ti,itis $@ a$ti,ities

6I. C%-(! &'! )%#s $#%- %*- A )(&' )%#s $#%- %*- B &% $%#-

%-% %s " %**%"&(%s;

t)ia% '11ende)

$)i/ina% %ines

#etit +ea%t+

1i)st %i1tin4

deat+ /atte)s

$'//unit* estee/

/enta% s+i#

4uide $'u)ts

/e/(e) ee/#t

#)'(ati'n s%au4+te)

$iti&en ;u)*

ta 3')<

s+'# '11i$e)

se%1 #ena%t*

/an state

E(ample:

1. ("* %#&s2.

3.


50/123

4.

5.

9.

,.

.

.

1K.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

M


51/123

SECOND YEAR OF STUDY

CONTENTS

UNIT 1STUDENT FIRST AMENDMENT CASE

)a%elwood *hool +istrit v! ,uhlmeier

S#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*C'nditi'na% C%auses

UNIT 2CONTEMPT OF COURT OR 6IOLATION OF FREEDOM OF THE PRESS

ran%bur" v! )ayesS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*C'nditi'na% C%auses

UNIT 3THE ROLE OF FEDERAL COURTS IN BALANCING LIBERTIES AND SAFETYS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*T+e In1initi,e

UNIT 4UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION; AMENDMENTSS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*T+e Ge)und

UNIT 5DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATIONS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*T+e S*nt+eti$ Su(;un$ti,e

UNIT 9HEALTH CARE FRAUDS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*

9


52/123

T+e Ana%*ti$ Su(;un$ti,e

UNIT ,IDENTITY THEFTS#e$ia%i&ed V'$a(u%a)*P+)asa% Ve)(s

UNIT 1

S&!& F(#s& A-!-!& C"s!)a%elwood *hool +istrit v! ,uhlmeier

Students en)'%%ed in t+e J'u)na%is/ II $%ass at Ha&e%3''d East Hi4+ S$+''% 3e)e )es#'nsi(%e

1') 3)itin4 and editin4 t+e s$+''%s #a#e) The Spectrum5 T3' '1 t+e a)ti$%es su(/itted 1')#u(%i$ati'n in t+e 1ina% editi'n '1 t+e #a#e) $'ntained st')ies 'n di,')$e and teena4e#)e4nan$*5 T+e di,')$e a)ti$%e 1eatu)ed a st')* a('ut a 4i)% 3+' (%a/ed +e) 1at+e)s a$ti'ns1') +e) #a)ents di,')$e5 T+e teena4e #)e4nan$* a)ti$%e 1eatu)ed st')ies in 3+i$+ #)e4nantstudents at Ha&e%3''d East s+a)ed t+ei) e#e)ien$es5 T' ensu)e t+ei) #)i,a$*0 t+e 4i)%sna/es 3e)e $+an4ed in t+e a)ti$%e5 T+e J'u)na%is/ II tea$+e) 1e%t t+at t+e su(;e$ts '1 t+eset3' a)ti$%es 3e)e ina##)'#)iate5 He $'n$%uded t+at ;'u)na%isti$ 1ai)ness )eui)ed t+at t+e1at+e) in t+e di,')$e a)ti$%e (e in1')/ed '1 t+e st')* and (e 4i,en an '##')tunit* t'$'//ent5 He a%s' stated +is $'n$e)ns t+at si/#%* $+an4in4 t+e na/es '1 t+e 4i)%s in t+eteena4e #)e4nan$* a)ti$%e /a* n't (e su11i$ient t' #)'te$t t+ei) an'n*/it* and t+at t+is t'#i$

/a* n't (e suita(%e 1') t+e *'un4e) students5 As a )esu%t0 +e #)'+i(ited t+ese a)ti$%es 1)'/(ein4 #u(%is+ed in t+e #a#e)5 2e$ause t+e)e 3as n' ti/e t' edit t+e #a#e) i1 it 3e)e t' 4' t'#)ess (e1')e t+e end '1 t+e s$+''% *ea)0 t+e tea$+e) e%i/inated t+e enti)e #a4es 'n 3+i$+t+ese a)ti$%es 3e)e 3)itten5 T+e student aut+')s t+en ()'u4+t suit t' t+e U5S5 Dist)i$t C'u)t1') t+e Easte)n Dist)i$t '1 !iss'u)i0 a%%e4in4 t+at t+ei) Fi)st A/end/ent )i4+ts t' 1)eed'/ '1s#ee$+ +ad (een ,i'%ated5 T+e U5S5 Dist)i$t C'u)t $'n$%uded t+at t+e* 3e)e n't5 T+e studentsa##ea%ed t' t+e U5S5 C'u)t '1 A##ea%s 1') t+e Ei4+t+ Ci)$uit0 3+i$+ )e,e)sed t+e )u%in40statin4 t+at t+e students )i4+ts +ad (een ,i'%ated5 T+e s$+''% a##ea%ed t' t+e U5S5 Su#)e/eC'u)t0 3+i$+ 4)anted $e)ti')a)i5

N%&!s;

U.S. D(s(& C%#&sY a)e t+e t)ia% $'u)ts '1 t+e 1ede)a% $'u)t s*ste/5 6it+in %i/its set (* C'n4)ess and t+eC'nstituti'n0 t+e dist)i$t $'u)ts +a,e ;u)isdi$ti'n t' +ea) nea)%* a%% $ate4')ies '1 1ede)a% $ases0 in$%udin4 ('t+ $i,i% and$)i/ina% /atte)s5 E,e)* da* +und)eds '1 #e'#%e a$)'ss t+e nati'n a)e se%e$ted 1') ;u)* dut*and +e%# de$ide s'/e '1t+ese $ases5 T+e)e a)e 1ede)a% ;udi$ia% dist)i$ts0 in$%udin4 at %east 'ne dist)i$t in ea$+ state0 t+e Dist)i$t '1 C'%u/(iaand Pue)t' Ri$'5 T+)ee te))it')ies '1 t+e United States - t+e Vi)4in Is%ands0 Gua/0 and t+e N')t+e)n !a)iana Is%ands -+a,e dist)i$t $'u)ts t+at +ea) 1ede)a% $ases0 in$%udin4 (an


53/123

U.S. C%#& %$ A!"*sY t+e U5S5 ;udi$ia% dist)i$ts a)e ')4ani&ed int' 9 )e4i'na% $i)$uits0 ea$+ '1 3+i$+ +as aUnited States $'u)t '1 a##ea%s5 A $'u)t '1 a##ea%s +ea)s a##ea%s 1)'/ t+e dist)i$t $'u)ts %'$ated 3it+in its $i)$uit0 as3e%% as a##ea%s 1)'/ de$isi'ns '1 1ede)a% ad/inist)ati,e a4en$ies5

!#&(%#"#(Y an ')de) '1 a su#e)i') $'u)t di)e$tin4 t+at a )e$')d '1 #)'$eedin4s in a %'3e) $'u)t (e sent u# 1') )e,ie35

I. M"7! s#! % !#s&" &'! -!"(8 %$ &'! )%#s " !0#!ss(%s ( %*- A -"&'(8 &'!- )(&' &'!(# R%-"(" !:(v"*!& ( %*- B;

95 t' su(/it an a)ti$%e 1') #u(%i$ati'n Y a5 a #)'te;a an'ni/atu% $ui,a

5 t' 1eatu)e ?st')ies@ ?'1 #u(%i$ati'ns@ Y (5 a a1i)/a ?1) d',e&i@0 a #)etinde

>5 t' state 'ne8s $'n$e)ns Y $5 a a#)'(a $enti')a)i ?,e&i n'ta@

5 t' #)'te$t 'ne8s an'n*/it* Y d5 ?des#)e #u(%i$aBii@ a e,idenBia0 a #unen #)i/ #%an ?#',esti)i@

5 t' #)'+i(it an a)ti$%e 1)'/ (ein4 #u(%is+ed Y e5 a 1a$e un a#e%)e$u)s %a ' instanBsu#e)i'a)

5 t' 4' t' #)ess ?'1 an a)ti$%e@ Y 15 a nainta un a)ti$'% s#)e #u(%i$a)e

:5 t' a%%e4e Y 45 a audia a#e%u)i)e$u)su)i

K5 t' a##ea% t' Y +5 a-i e#)i/a n4)i;')a)ea

5 t' )e,e)se a )u%in4 Y i5 ?des#)e un a)ti$'%@ a /e)4ea 1i t)i/is %ati#a)

9M5 t' 4)ant $enti')a)i Y ;5 un #)'$es ,e)(a% a% #)'$edu)ii ;udi$ia)e

995 t' +ea) a##ea%s Y


54/123

>5 6+* 3e)e t+e 4i)%s na/es $+an4ed in t+e a)ti$%eO

5 6+' #)'+i(ited t+ese a)ti$%es 1)'/ (ein4 #u(%is+edO

5 6+at )eas'ns did t+e tea$+e) +a,e t' #)'+i(ited t+ese a)ti$%es 1)'/ (ein4 #u(%is+edO

5 6+at d'es t+e )u%e '1 ;'u)na%isti$ 1ai)ness i/#%*O

:5 6+* did t+e student aut+')s ()in4 suit t' t+e U5S5 Dist)i$t C'u)tO

K5 6+at is t+e $'ntent '1 t+e Fi)st A/end/entO

5 6+* did t+e students a##ea% t' t+e U5S5 C'u)t '1 A##ea%s 1') t+e Ei4+t+ Ci)$uitO

9M5 H'3 did t+e U5S5 C'u)t '1 A##ea%s )u%eO

III. P#"&("* &"s7 R%*! *"(8; S&"#&(8 $#%- &'! "s! #!s!&!= &% !"& (&s#!s!&"&(% ( $#%& %$ &'! S#!-! C%#&= $%**%)(8 &'! !0& (s&(%s;

R%*! "ss(8(8; &'! *"ss (s (v(! (&% &'#!! 8#%s %$ s&!&s; t+e $(#s& 8#%$'nsists '1/s&(!s ;ude$t')i ai Cu)Bii Su#)e/e@5 ne ;usti$e is desi4nated as t+eC'(!$ Js&(! #)eedinte de t)i(una%@ t+e s!% 8#%$'nsists '1 *")!#s?>@ 1')Ha&e%3''d S$+''% Dist)i$t ?3+i$+ )e#)esents Ha&e%3''d East Hi4+ S$+''%@ t+e&'(# 8#% $'nsists '1 *")!#s ?>@ 1') t+e student aut+')s0 in$%udin4 u+%/eie)5Ha&e%3''d S$+''% Dist)i$t is


55/123

P#%!#!; t3' %a3*e)s 1)'/ t+e #etiti'ne)8s side #)esent t+e /ain $ase t' t+e C'u)tt+e t+i)d %a3*e) #)esents t+e #!&&"* "s! ?d',edi)ea nete/eini$iei $a&u%uid',ada$'nt)a)ie@5 T+e %a3*e)s 1') ('t+ sides #ut 1')t+ t+ei) (est %e4a% a)4u/ents and ans3e)an* uesti'ns t+at t+e ;usti$es /a* +a,e5

N%&!; It is i/#')tant t' )e/e/(e) t+at t+is is a si/u%ati'n '1 ')a% a)4u/ents in t+eSu#)e/e C'u)t and n't a t)ia%5 N' e,iden$e is $'%%e$ted and 3itnesses a)e n't $a%%ed5

T'! s&!s %$ #!s!&(8 %#"* "#8-!&s;

T+e C'(!$ Js&(!s3ea)s in student ;usti$es5 T+e C%#& &(-!7!!!#si4na%s ti/e %i/its t' s#ea


56/123

positi$enegati$e aspect of, e strongl! supportoppose the $ie# that, ebelie$eclaimfeel that this argument is incorrectmisguided, e agreedo not agree

that#ith.

I6. C%--!& " %-"#! &'! !(s(% #!"'! &'! !0!#(-!&"* s&!&s %#&)(&' &'! "&"* !(s(% %$ &'! U. S. S#!-! C%#& ( &'!)a%elwood *hool +istrit v!

,uhlmeier"s!< &'! *"&&!# !(s(% )(** ! s--"#(! !*%);

T+e U5S5 Su#)e/e C'u)t +e%d t+at t+e ;'u)na%is/ tea$+e)s a$ti'ns did n't ,i'%ate t+estudents 1)ee s#ee$+ )i4+ts5 T+e C'u)t n'ted t+at t+e #a#e) 3as s#'ns')ed (* t+e s$+''% and0as su$+0 t+e s$+''% +ad a %e4iti/ate inte)est in #)e,entin4 t+e #u(%i$ati'n '1 a)ti$%es t+at itdee/ed ina##)'#)iate and t+at /i4+t a##ea) t' +a,e t+e i/#)i/atu) '1 t+e s$+''%5S#e$i1i$a%%*0 t+e C'u)t n'ted t+at t+e #a#e) 3as n't intended as a #u(%i$ 1')u/ in 3+i$+e,e)*'ne $'u%d s+a)e ,ie3s )at+e)0 it 3as a %i/ited 1')u/ 1') ;'u)na%is/ students t' 3)itea)ti$%es #u)suant t' t+e )eui)e/ents '1 t+ei) J'u)na%is/ II $%ass0 and su(;e$t t' a##)'#)iateeditin4 (* t+e s$+''%5

N%&!s;

t' dee/ ina##)'#)iate Y a $'nside)a inade$,at

i/#)i/atu) Y (un de ti#a)

#u)suant t' Y $'n1')/ $u0 #'t)i,it $u

6. D(sss &'! #*(8 %$ &'! U.S. S#!-! C%#& ( &'!)a%elwood *hool +istrit v!,uhlmeier"s!= "s)!#(8 &'! $%**%)(8 s!$* :!s&(%s;

D(sss(% S&"#&!#s

95 6+at is t+e di11e)en$e (et3een editin4 and $ens')s+i#O5 D' *'u a4)ee 3it+ t+e Su#)e/e C'u)ts de$isi'nO>5 T+e Su#)e/e C'u)t e11e$ti,e%* said t+at t+e s$+''% aut+')ities $'u%d $ens') The

Spectrum. Can *'u t+in< '1 an* instan$es in 3+i$+ s$+''% aut+')ities s+'u%d ') s+'u%dn't dete)/ine t+e a##)'#)iateness '1 su(;e$t /atte)O

5 Just (e$ause t+e Su#)e/e C'u)t said t+at s$+''% aut+')ities /a* +a,e t+e 1ina% 3')d0d'es t+is /ean t+at t+e* s+'u%dO 2esides ne3s#a#e)s0 3+at 't+e) 1')/s '1 e#)essi'n

/i4+t s$+''% aut+')ities $'nt)'% as a )esu%t '1 t+e C'u)ts de$isi'n in t+is $aseO5 D'es t+e Su#)e/e C'u)ts de$isi'n /ean t+at s$+''% aut+')ities $an dete)/ine 3+at isand is n't a##)'#)iate in a s$+''%-1unded #a#e)O

5 C'u%d t+e ;'u)na%is/ tea$+e) #)e,ent t+e #u(%i$ati'n '1 a)ti$%es $)iti$i&in4 t+e s$+''%sad/inist)ati'n (* sa*in4 t+at t+e* a)e ina##)'#)iateO

:5 6'u%d t+e )u%in4 in t+is $ase +a,e (een di11e)ent i1 t+e s$+''% ne3s#a#e) 3e)e 3)itten(* /e/(e)s '1 an et)a$u))i$u%a) $%u( and n't a ;'u)na%is/ $%assO


57/123

6I. T#"s*"&! (&% R%-"(" &'! %(&(%"* s!&!!s )#(&&! ( (&"*(s $#%- &'! '"#&

!*%)< #!"(8 &'! %&! !*%) )(** 8!& % $"-(*("# )(&' &'! %&!& %$ &'! 8#"--"#

'"#&;

N%&!;

C'nditi'na% $%auses $'nsist '1 t3' #a)ts. t+e su(')dinate $%ause ') t+e ($-$%ause and t+e /ain $%ause5 T+e)e a)e t+)ee/ain t*#es '1 $'nditi'na% $%auses and ,a)i'us /ied t*#es5 Ea$+ t*#e is used t' e#)ess di11e)ent )ea%un)ea%0#)esent#ast $'nditi'ns0 usin4 $e)tain #ai)s '1 tenses5 T+e)e a)e a%s' /an* e$e#ti'ns 1)'/ ea$+ t*#e (ut studentsdea%in4 3it+ $'nditi'na%s 1') t+e 1i)st ti/e s+'u%d si/#%* $'n$ent)ate 'n t+e (asi$ )u%es t+at 3i%% (e #)esented in t+e1'%%'3in4 $+a)t.

T!s I$*"s! M"( *"s! M!"(8

T! I P#!s!& &!s! s(-*!

+f he is aused of

manslaughter,

+f the! find hard e$idence

against him,

P#!s!& &!s! s(-*!

+f the defendantpleadsguilt!,

P#!s!& &!s! s(-*!

+f !ou"et tired.

F! &!s! s(-*!

he will reeivea life sentence.

he will be proseuted!

M%"* v!#s

he must/should be sent toprison.

I-!#"&(v!

ta0e a break and then start

again.

1eal s(&"&(%= present %#

future%#(!&!

T! II P"s& &!s! s(-*!%&(%s

+f + were!ou,

+f he hadmore time,

+f she did #hat her la#!er

sa!s,

)%* %* s'%* -(8'&

s'%#& ($((&(v!

+ would trythe ne# procedure.

he ould ome to see me in

Court.

she mi"ht have a chance to #in

the trial.

2nreal. hypotheti

s(&"&(%=present %# future

%#(!&!= *(7!* &%

'"!

T!III P"s& !#$!&

s(-*!%&(%s

+f hehad been

innocent,

+f the! had published the

article,

+f + had 0nownmore about his

intentions,

)%* %* s'%* -(8'&

'"v! "s& "#&((*!

hewouldn3t have hidden

the

murder #eapon.

the girls"pri$ate li$es would

have been violated!

+ ould have helpedhim to be

released on bail.

4ma"inary s(&"&(%= past

%#(!&! #!8#!&s=

$*$(**! *"s= )(s'!s &%

'"8! &'! "s&

:


58/123

6II. F(** ( &'! 8"s )(&' &'! v!#"* %s&(%s ( &'! %0 &% %-*!&! &'! $%**%)(8%(&(%"* *"s!s;

'" *!& )(** #! -(8'& '"v! '" '" !! s!&!! $"(*

%* 8!& '" "%! -"! )%* "s7 -" )"*7

95 ='u 1)ee 1)'/ t+is $'u)t i1 *'u #)'/ise t' )e#')t t' I%%in'is #'%i$e stati'ne,e)* F)ida* 1') t+e net t+)ee /'nt+s5

5 I1 *'u 55 t' d' s'0 *'u 3i%% (e 4i,en 'ne 3a)nin45

>5 I1 *'u d'n8t /eet t+is '(%i4ati'n0 *'u t' t+is $'u)t 1') a +a)s+e) senten$e5

5 I1 *'u 55 us 'n ti/e a('ut *'u) i%%ness0 3e 3'u%dn8t +a,e i/#'sed a ne3#)is'n senten$e5

5 I1 I 3e)e in *'u) s+'es0 I 5 /* d'$t') t' #)'du$e a /edi$a% $e)ti1i$ate0#)',in4 /* /edi$a% $'nditi'n5

5 I1 *'u) #)e,i'us $'ndu$t +ad (een (ette)0 *'u 5 a $+an$e t' en;'**'u) 1)eed'/5

:5 I1 *'u) #)'(ati'n '11i$e) 55 us


59/123

UNIT 2

C%&!-& %$ C%#& %# 6(%*"&(% %$ F#!!%- %$ &'! P#!ssO

ran%bur" v! )ayes

Petiti'ne) 2)an&(u)40 a )e#')te) at t+e Courier9&etterin L'uis,i%%e0 entu$


60/123

6+en #u(%is+ed0 ('t+ '1 t+ese a)ti$%es $a/e t' t+e attenti'n '1 %a3 en1')$e/ent #e)s'nne%5In ea$+ instan$e0 2)an&(u)4 3as $a%%ed t' testi1* (e1')e a 4)and ;u)* $'n$e)nin4 +is


61/123

B#"#8 R!%#&!# H"!s J8! Ov!#s!!(8 " G#" J#

F#!!%- %$ &'! P#!ss95 T+e Fi)st A/end/ent #)'te$ts t+e 1)eed'/ '1 t+e#)ess5 T'! #!ss "%& * ! $#!! *!ss (& (s "&*(!#& &% #!%#& % s&%#(!s %$ *( (&!#!s&= (.!.=&'! #8 #(s(s.In ')de) t' 4et t+ese st')ies0

)e#')te)s s'/eti/es +a,e t' #)'/ise $'n1identia%it*t' t+ei) s'u)$es5 I$ #!%#&!#s "#! $%#! &% (!&($&'!(# %$(!&("* s%#!s !$%#! " 8#" /#=&'! )(** %& ! "*! &% *(s' s' s&%#(!s= "&'! #!ss )(** %& * ! $#!!.

F#!!%- %$ &'! P#!ss95 T+e Fi)st A/end/ent8s 1)eed'/ '1 t+e #)ess d'esn't 4i,e t+e #)ess 1)eed'/ 1)'/ a%% %a3s and)e4u%ati'ns5 F') instan$e0 /e/(e)s '1 t+e #)ess d'n't +a,e t+e )i4+t t' ()ea< int' a (ui%din4 t' 4et a

st')*0 e,en i1 t+e st')* is 'ne '1 /'st #)essin4 #u(%i$$'n$e)n5 F)eed'/ '1 t+e #)ess 4ua)antees t+at t+e#)ess 3i%% (e 1)ee 1)'/ #)i') )est)aint and 't+e)4',e)n/ent $ens')s+i#5 It +as n't+in4 t' d' 3it+ t+easse)ti'n t+at a ;'u)na%ist /a* )e1use t' identi1*$'n1identia% s'u)$es (e1')e a 4)and ;u)* 3+en)eui)ed t' d' s' (* %a35

D!&!##!& E$$!& % &'! P#!ss5 At t+e +ea)t '1 t+e Fi)st A/end/ent is t+e#)'te$ti'n '1 t+e 1)ee 1%'3 '1 in1')/ati'n5 A%t+'u4+

t+e 4',e)n/ent is n't di)e$t%* $ens')in4 t+e #)ess (*)eui)in4 ;'u)na%ists t' )e,ea% t+ei) $'n1identia%s'u)$es0 t+e e11e$t is t+e sa/e5 T+e #u(%i$ +as a )i4+tt'


62/123

in1')/ati'n t+at $'u%d su(;e$t 't+e)s t' #u(%i$)idi$u%e5

#)',ide suita(%e )e/edies5

III. T#"s*"&! (&% R%-"(" &'! $%# %(&(%"* *"s!s ( %*= s!*!&! $#%- &'! *!$&%*- "%v!.

I6. T#"s*"&! (&% E8*(s';

95 Li(e)tatea #)esei nu #'ate asi4u)a #)'te;a)ea identitBii su)se%') ;u)na%iti%')5

5 `n $'n1')/itate $u %e4ea0 da$ un ;u)na%ist este adus n 1aBa Cu)Bii0 e% ,a t)e(ui s de#un/)tu)ie n %e4tu) $u $a&u)i%e des#)e $a)e deBine in1')/aBii ne'1i$ia%5

>5 Este dat')ia #)esei s se/na%e&e Cu)Bii a$e%e $a&u)i sus#e$te $a)e a) 1a$e '(ie$tu%;u)isdi$Biei sa%eO

5 Da$ un ;u)na%ist a%e4e s 1ie 1ide% su)sei sa%e0 a$easta nsea/n nea#)at $ ;u)na%istu%)es#e$ti, $'/ite ' n$%$a)e a %e4iiO

5 Se 1a$e 2)an&(u)4 ,in',at de s1ida)e a $u)Bii #)in 1a#tu% $ a )e1u&at s de&,%uieidentitatea su)se%') sa%eO

5 Da$ #)'$u)')ii a) n$%$a %e4ea i a) $'/ite a(u&u)i0 i ei a) 1i #ede#siBi n /'d$')es#un&t') de instanBe su#e)i'a)e de ;ude$at5

:5 Da$ a) 1i s a%e4eBi nt)e #)'te;a)ea %i(e)tBii #)esei i '1e)i)ea de in1')/aBii ne$esa)e

#ent)u )e&'%,a)ea unui $a& an$+etat0 #ent)u $e aBi '#ta i de $eO6. P& &'! v!#s ( #"7!&s (&% &'! %##!& &!s!= "(8 "&&!&(% &% &'! 8#"--"##*!s s! ( %(&(%"* *"s!s< s%-!&(-!s -%#! v!#s(%s " ! "!&!;

95 He 55 ?(e )e%ease@ t' t+e $'//unit* i1 +e a$$e#ts t+e +'/e $'n1ine/ent#)'4)a/5

5 I1 t+e /a*') 55 ?a##)',e@ t+e $'//unit* se),i$e #)'4)a/ 1') 'u) t'3n0 3e5 ?+a,e@ an '##')tunit* t' $+an4e ne4ati,e #e)$e#ti'ns a('ut '11ende)s5

>5 He 3'u%dn8t +a,e a##ea)ed (e1')e t+e $%e)< '1 t+e $'u)t i1 +e ?n't(e su//'ned@5

5 I1 an indi,idua% ?/eet@ t+e %e4a% ua%i1i$ati'ns 1') 1ede)a% ;u)* se),i$e0 +es+e/a* stand a $+an$e t' (e a /e/(e) '1 a ;u)*5

5 I1 t+e ;u)* +ad attenti,e%* %istened t' t+e e,iden$e and a)4u/ents '1 t+e )es#'ndent8s%a3*e)0 t+e* ?,'te@ in +is 1a,'u)5


63/123

5 I1 a /a))ied $'u#%e 55 ?de$ide@ t' %e4a%%* se#a)ate0 t+e $'u#%e unde)4'esdi,')$e #)'$eedin4s5

:5 I1 +is 3i1e +ad in,'5 A 4)and ;u)* de$ides i1 t+e)e a #)'(a(%e $ause t' indi$t ?a$$use@ indi,idua%s ')$')#')ati'ns 'n $)i/ina% $+a)4es (ased u#'n t+e e,iden$e #)esented5

a@ 3i%% (e (@ +as (een $@ is d@ 3'u%d (e

5 I1 a #e)s'n 55 t+at +es+e +as (een 3)'n41u%%* i/#)is'ned0 +es+e 5t+e )i4+t t' $+a%%en4e t+e %e4a%it* '1 t+e $'n1ine/ent5

a@ (e%ie,e0 3i%% +a,e (@ 3i%% (e%ie,e0 /a* +a,e $@ (e%ie,es0 /a* +a,e d@ +as(e%ie,ed0 3i%% +a,e

5 I1 t+e 3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us 55 0 t+e #)is'ne) 3i%% (e ()'u4+t int' $'u)t5

a@ 3i%% (e issued (@ is issued $@ +ad (een issued d@ 3e)e issued

5 I10 a1te) +ea)in4 ('t+ sides0 t+e $'u)t t+at t+e 4)'unds 1') t+e $'n1ine/ent a)ei%%e4a%0 t+e #etiti'ne) 5

>


64/123

a@ 1inds0 is )e%eased (@ 3i%% 1ind0 is )e%eased $@ +as 1'und0 +ad (een )e%easedd@ 1'und0 3i%% (e )e%eased

:5 I1 I +ad


65/123

95 I1 a ;'u)na%ist8s s'u)$e is en4a4ed in i%%e4a% a$ti,ities and t+at t+e ;'u)na%ist $'u%d(e )eui)ed t' identi1* +i/+e)0 t+e s'u)$e 55 +esitant t' ta%


66/123

ne '1 t+e /'st i/#')tant /eans 1') ensu)in4 t+is (a%an$e0 as 3e%% as 'ne '1 t+e /'sti/#')tant /eans '1 #)'te$tin4 indi,idua% %i(e)t* in 4ene)a%0 is t+e 3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us5 A3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us a%%'3s #e)s'ns 3+' (e%ie,e t+at t+e* +a,e (een 3)'n41u%%*i/#)is'ned t' $+a%%en4e t+e %e4a%it* '1 t+ei) $'n1ine/ent5 T' d' s'0 a #e)s'n /ust #etiti'n a$'u)t t' issue t+e 3)it5 I1 t+e 3)it is issued0 t+e $'u)t di)e$ts t+e #e)s'n 3+' is +'%din4 t+e

#etiti'ne) in $'n1ine/ent ?usua%%* a ;ai%')@ t' ()in4 t+e #)is'ne) int' $'u)t and t' e#%ain t+e4)'unds 1') t+e #etiti'ne)s detenti'n5 I10 a1te) +ea)in4 ('t+ sides0 t+e $'u)t 1inds t+at t+e

4)'unds 1') t+e $'n1ine/ent a)e i%%e4a%0 t+e #etiti'ne) is )e%eased5

T+e 3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us $a/e a('ut as a )esu%t '1 t+e En4%is+ Ha(eas C')#us A$t '1 9:0>9 Ca)5 0 $5 5 2* t+e ti/e '1 t+e A/e)i$an Re,'%uti'n0 t+e 3)it 3as $+e)is+ed t' su$+ anetent (* A/e)i$an $'%'nists t+at it 3as t+e 'n%* 2)itis+ ;udi$ia% 3)it ?%e4a% $'//and@ t' (es#e$i1i$a%%* /enti'ned in t+e U5S5 C'nstituti'n ?A)ti$%e I0 Se$ti'n @5 Due t' its )'%e in

#)'te$tin4 %i(e)t*0 t+e 3)it '1 +a(eas $')#us is


67/123

a 1i (4at %a n$+is'a)e #e ned)e#t Y a $'ntesta %e4a%itatea Y

a nainta ' #etiBie $t)e Cu)te Y

a e/ite ' +'t))e')d'nanB ;ude$t')eas$ Y

a-i atin4e s$'#u% Y

a $nt)ie,a%ua Y

a $eda ?n 1aBan 1a,'a)ea@ Y

%i/ita)ea %i(e)tBii de e#)esie Y

#ie)de)ea d)e#tu)i%') de #)'#)ietate Y

II. M"&' &'! L"&( *!8"* &!#-s ( %*- A )(&' &'!(# E8*(s' !0*""&%# !$((&(%s( %*- B;

95 (#rit/ capias ?/andat deadu$e)e@

a5 7d' n't %ea,e t+e $'unt)*8 inte)di$ti'n add)essed t'a de(t') t+at is (ein4 #)'se$uted

5 (#rit/ =abeas Corpus (5 (e$ause '1 %a$< '1 $a)e. de$isi'n 3)'n4%* /ade (*a $'u)t ?3+i$+ d'es n't t+e)e1')e set a #)e$edent@

>5 (#rit/ certiorari $5 Da1te) t+e e,ent

5 Euid pro Euo d5 a 3)it di)e$tin4 a s+e)i11 ') 't+e) '11i$e) t' a))est ana/ed #e)s'n

5 ne e2eat regno e5 D)eas'n '1 t+e %a3. t+e #)in$i#%e (e+ind a %a3

5 nolle proseEui 15 Din 1a$t. as a /atte) '1 1a$t

:5per incuriam 45 'n its '3n ') a%'ne

K5 per procurationem(per pro/

+5 a 3)it ')de)in4 a #e)s'n t' (e ()'u4+t (e1')e a$'u)t ') ;ud4e0 es#5 s' t+at t+e $'u)t /a* as$e)tain3+et+e) +is detenti'n is %a31u%

5 de facto i5 D'ne t+in4 1') an't+e). a$ti'n d'ne in )etu)n 1')s'/et+in4 d'ne ') #)'/ised

:


68/123

9M5 e2 post facto ;5 3it+ t+e aut+')it* '1 'n (e+a%1 '1

995 locus standi 5per se /5 D#%a$e t' stand. )i4+t t' (e +ea)d in a $'u)t

III. Us! &'! L"&( *!8"* &!#-s ( !0!#(s! II. ( %# %) s!&!!s= "s ( &'! $%**%)(8!0"-*!s;

=e didn"t lie to !ou. =e is the de fatoo#ner of the propert!.

The ta2pa!er does not ha$e lous standiin this court.

The secretar! signedper prothe manager.

I6. R!#!" &'! &!0& The 1ole of Federal Courts in alanin" 5iberties and *afety! T'!'!7 %# #!"(8 %-#!'!s(% '%%s(8 &'! #(8'& v!#s(%;

1. T'! )#(& %$ '"!"s %#s (s;

a@ a 3)it ')de)in4 a #e)s'n t' (e )e%ease 1)'/ #)is'n i//ediate%*5

(@ a 3)it ')de)in4 a #e)s'n t' (e #%a$ed unde) +'use a))est5

$@ a 3)it ')de)in4 a #e)s'n t' (e ()'u4+t (e1')e a $'u)t ') ;ud4e0 t' see 3+et+e) +is detenti'nis %a31u%5

2. T'! "*("&(% %$ &'! G#!"& W#(&;

a@ +as ne,e) (een sus#ended t+)'u4+'ut United States +ist')*5

(@ +as (een sus#ended du)in4 ti/es '1 3a) ?t+e Ci,i% 6a)@ and nati'na% $)isis5

$@ +as (een sus#ended 3+ene,e) t+e ne3%* e%e$ted #)esident '1 t+e United States s' de$ided5

3. IE( Parte 'illi"an199= L"-( M(**(8" s! &'! )#(&;

a@ t' su$$ess1u%%* $+a%%en4e t+e %e4a%it* '1 +is deat+ #ena%t*5

(@ t' su$$ess1u%%* $+a%%en4e t+e %e4a%it* '1 +is $'n1ine/ent5

K


69/123

$@ t' set a #)e$edent 1') si/i%a) $ases in %'3e) $'u)ts5

4. T'! )#(& %$ '"!"s %#s )"s $(#s& -!&(%! (;

a@ t+e De$%a)ati'n '1 Inde#enden$e5

(@ t+e En4%is+ Ha(eas C')#us A$t '1 9:5

$@ t+e U5S5 C'nstituti'n5

R!-!-!# &'! $%#-s %$ &'! I$((&(v!; short infiniti$e. dis$uss0 3')5 He /ade /e 55555555555555 a%% /* $+a)4es0 t+)eatenin4 /e 3it+ a 4un5

a@ t' d)'# (@ d)'# $@ d)'##in4 d@ t' +a,e d)'##ed

5 He %et /e 55555555555555 3+i$+ '#ti'n 3as t+e (est 1') /* di11i$u%t situati'n5

a@ de$ide (@ de$idin4 $@ t' de$ide d@ (ein4 t' de$ide5 Let8s 5555555555555 a s+')t $'11ee ()ea< and 3i%% de$ide a1te)3a)ds5

a@ ta


70/123

:5 He is 1a) t'' une#e)ien$ed 55555 t' $+ie1 ;usti$e5

a@ t' (ein4 #)'/'ted (@ t' (e #)'/'ted $@ t' +as (een #)'/'ted

d@ (ein4 #)'/'ted

K5 T+e #'%i$e a)e said 5 1') /an* /'nt+s 'n t+is $ase0 3it+'ut an*

)esu%ts s' 1a)5

a@ t' (e 3')


71/123

95 I +ate *'u (ut 'u) 3itness see/s it a1te) a%%5

a@ t' inte))u#t0 t' +a,e /ade (@ inte))u#tin40 t' /a


72/123

UNIT 4

U(&! S&"&!s C%s&(&&(%; A-!-!&s

A-!-!&s &% &'! C%s&(&&(% %$ &'! U(&! S&"&!s %$ A-!#("A)ti$%es in additi'n t'0 and a/end/ent '10 t+e C'nstituti'n '1 t+e United States '1 A/e)i$a0

#)'#'sed (* C'n4)ess0 and )ati1ied (* t+e se,e)a% states0 #u)suant t' t+e Fi1t+ A)ti$%e '1 t+e')i4ina% C'nstituti'n

A-!-!& I6Ann'tati'nsb

T+e )i4+t '1 t+e #e'#%e t' (e se$u)e in t+ei) #e)s'ns0 +'uses0 #a#e)s0 and e11e$ts0 a4ainstun)eas'na(%e sea)$+es and sei&u)es0 s+a%% n't (e ,i'%ated0 and n' 6a))ants s+a%% issue0 (utu#'n #)'(a(%e $ause0 su##')ted (* at+ ') a11i)/ati'n0 and #a)ti$u%a)%* des$)i(in4 t+e #%a$et' (e sea)$+ed0 and t+e #e)s'ns ') t+in4s t' (e sei&ed5

A-!-!& 6Ann'tati'nsb

N' #e)s'n s+a%% (e +e%d t' ans3e) 1') a $a#ita%0 ') 't+e)3ise in1a/'us $)i/e0 un%ess 'n a

#)esent/ent ') indi$t/ent '1 a G)and Ju)*0 e$e#t in $ases a)isin4 in t+e %and ') na,a%1')$es0 ') in t+e !i%itia0 3+en in a$tua% se),i$e in ti/e '1 6a) ') #u(%i$ dan4e) n') s+a%% an*

#e)s'n (e su(;e$t 1') t+e sa/e '11en$e t' (e t3i$e #ut in ;e'#a)d* '1 %i1e ') %i/( n') s+a%%(e $'/#e%%ed in an* $)i/ina% $ase t' (e a 3itness a4ainst +i/se%10 n') (e de#)i,ed '1 %i1e0%i(e)t*0 ') #)'#e)t*0 3it+'ut due #)'$ess '1 %a3 n') s+a%% #)i,ate #)'#e)t* (e ta


73/123

In a%% $)i/ina% #)'se$uti'ns0 t+e a$$used s+a%% en;'* t+e )i4+t t' a s#eed* and #u(%i$ t)ia%0 (*an i/#a)tia% ;u)* '1 t+e State and dist)i$t 3+e)ein t+e $)i/e s+a%% +a,e (een $'//itted03+i$+ dist)i$t s+a%% +a,e (een #)e,i'us%* as$e)tained (* %a30 and t' (e in1')/ed '1 t+enatu)e and $ause '1 t+e a$$usati'n t' (e $'n1)'nted 3it+ t+e 3itnesses a4ainst +i/ t' +a,e$'/#u%s')* #)'$ess 1') '(tainin4 3itnesses in +is 1a,')0 and t' +a,e t+e Assistan$e '1C'unse% 1') +is de1en$e5

A-!-!& 6IIIAnn'tati'nsb

E$essi,e (ai% s+a%% n't (e )eui)ed0 n') e$essi,e 1ines i/#'sed0 n') $)ue% and unusua%#unis+/ents in1%i$ted5

A-!-!& IAnn'tati'nsb

T+e enu/e)ati'n in t+e C'nstituti'n0 '1 $e)tain )i4+ts0 s+a%% n't (e $'nst)ued t' den* ')dis#a)a4e 't+e)s )etained (* t+e #e'#%e5

I. F( ( &'! &!0& "%v! &'! s%-%s )%#s " !0#!ss(%s $%# &'! $%**%)(8s;

95 t' a##)',e '11i$ia%%* Y

5 #e)s'na% (e%'n4in4s Y

>5 n't')i'us0 s+'$


74/123

1. A-!-!& I6 #%'((&s;

a@ t+e se$u)it* '1 #e'#%e8s %i,es0 +'uses0 #a#e)s and e11e$ts

(@ an* unaut+')i&ed sea)$+es and sei&u)es 3it+'ut a ,a%id 3a))ant0 %e4a%%* issued 1') as#e$i1i$ #u)#'se

$@ #e'#%e8s )i4+ts t' '11e) )esistan$e t' +a,in4 t+ei) +'uses se)$+ed 3it+'ut a ,a%id 3a))ant5

2. A-!-!& 6 s&(*"&!s &'"&;

a@ n' #e)s'n s+a%% (e +e%d )es#'nsi(%e 1') a $)i/e 3it+'ut t+e )i4+t t' s#ea< in 1)'nt '1 t+eG)and Ju)*

(@ n' #e)s'n s+a%% (e 1')$ed t' ans3e) 1') a $)i/e in 1)'nt '1 t+e G)and Ju)*

$@ n' #e)s'n s+a%% (e


75/123

$@ t+e )i4+ts sti#u%ated in t+e C'nstituti'n $an a%3a*s (e a/ended in a$$')dan$e 3it+ t+e '%d'nes t+at #e'#%e t)easu)e5

III. Us#"-*! &'! $%**%)(8 &)% s!&s %$ )%#s &% #!#!"&! &'! &!0& %$ &)%"-!-!&s;

$iti&ens #)e,i'us '1 States (e denied $'nditi'n '1 (* t+e United

se),itude5 States t' ,'te T+e )i4+t 'n a$$'unt '1 ') a()id4ed

s+a%% n't (* an* State )a$e0 ') t+e United ') $'%')0

A-!-!& 6.

T'! #(8'&%$

t+e P)esident s+a%% (e$'/e t+e )e/',a% '1 t+e Vi$e P)esident

'1 +is deat+ ') )esi4nati'n0 In $ase '1 1)'/ '11i$e P)esident5 ')

A-!-!& 6 S!&(% 1

I "s! %$

R!-!-!# &'! $%#-s %$ G!#s; present gerund.


76/123

E0"-*!;+ reall! like . .

+ reall! like spendin"time #ith m! famil! and m! friends.=e detests =e detests bein" heldresponsible for something he did not do.+t"s no good

+t"s no good tryin"to be friendl! #ith e$er!bod!.

95 !* ('ss )ea%%* detests 55 S+e d'es en;'* 5>5 I $an8t te%% *'u +'3 /u$+ I +ate55 ?#assi,e

4e)und@55 E,e)*('d* %',es 55 I de1inite%* #)e1e) 55 t' 55

?#)e1e) 4e)und T 4e)und Y #)e1e) d'in4 s/t+ t' d'in4 s/t+ e%se@5 !* tea$+e) )esents

:5 It8s n' use 5K5 I a/ su)e t+at it8s n't 3')t+ 55 I1 *'u t+in< t+is is 3')t+ 0 t+en 559M5 T+e)e8s n' #'int in 5995 %d #e'#%e $an8t stand 95 T+'u4+ I +ate sa*in4 t+is0 I a/ used t' 59>5 Fina%%*0 I +a,e 4't used t' 95 I +a,e t' ad/it0 I a/ n't a$$ust'/ed t' 595 S'/eti/es0 students +a,e di11i$u%t* in 595 I $an8t te%% *'u +'3 /u$+ I %''< 1')3a)d t'

6. P#"&(s! &'! s! %$Perfet 6erund&% #!$!# &% "s& "&(%s;

E0"-*!;=e #as accused of havin" traffi0edarms.=e strongl! denied havin" pointeda gun at her.

95 T+e /an 3as $+a)4ed 3it+ 55 55 T+e P)esident +as ne,e) (een sus#e$ted '1

>5 S+e ad/its 555 6e )ea%%* a##)e$iate *'u) 555 I )e/e/(e) 5 He 3i%% ne,e) 1')4i,e /* 55:5 D' *'u )e$a%% K5 T+e* +'%d +i/ )es#'nsi(%e 1') 55 ='u s+'u%d (e as+a/ed '1 *'u)se%1 1') 559M5 In s#ite '1 0 t+e #)is'ne)

:


77/123

6I. C'%%s! &'! %##!& $%#- %$ I$((&(v! %# G!#;

95 E,e)*('d* +ates 555555555555555555555 t+e %a3 e#enses5

a@ t' #a* (@ #a*in4 $@ t' (e #aid d@ t' (e #a*in4

5 I %''< 1')3a)d t' 5555555555555555555*'u in C'u)t 6e s+a%% sett%e t+in4s t+en5

a@ seein4 (@ see $@ +a,e seen d@ sa3

>5 7Find /e a 4''d %a3*e) I d'n8t 3ant t' )is< 555555555555555555 t+e )est '1 /* %i1e in ;ai%58

a@ s#endin4 (@ t' s#end $@ +a,in4 s#ended d@ s#end

5 I ad,ised +i/ 555555555555555555555 t' t+e $'u)t and a$$use +i/ '1 $'ns#i)a$* $)i/es5

a@ t' 4' (@ 4'in4 $@ t' 4'in4 d@ t' +a,e 4'ne

5 7S+a%% 3e #)'$eedO It8s n' use 55555555555555555555 1') t+e 3itness8

a@ t' 3ait (@ +a,in4 t' 3ait $@ 3aitin4 d@ 3ait

5 7I8/ s'))* ='u) H'n'u)0 (ut I $an8 t +e%# 5555555555555555555 3+en I s#ea< a('ut /* s'n58

a@ $)*in4 (@ n't t' $)* $@ n't $)*in4 d@ $)*

:5 T+e* a))i,ed +'/e 555555555555555555555555 t+at t+e +'use +ad (een (u)4%ed5

a@ 1indin4 (@ +a,in4 1'und $@ t' 1ind d@ t' +a,e 1'und

K5 Des#ite 555555555555555555555555 ;ai%ed 1') d)u4 $)i/es *ea)s a4'0 +e +as ;ust (een ta


78/123

a@ t' ta


79/123

UNIT 5

D(s*%s#! %$ C*"ss($(! I$%#-"&(%

ne '1 t+e 'n%* 3a*s t+at t+e 4ene)a% #u(%i$ %ea)ns a('ut t+e a$ti,ities '1 its 4',e)n/ent ist+)'u4+ t+e %ea5 In ')de) t'$'n,i$t an indi,idua% 1') t+e un%a31u% #'ssessi'n '1 $%assi1ied in1')/ati'n0 t+e4',e)n/ent /ust #)',e (e*'nd a )eas'na(%e d'u(t t+at.

t+e de1endant #'ssessed $e)tain enu/e)ated in1')/ati'n0 3+i$+ +e


80/123

T+e #unis+/ent 1') a ,i'%ati'n '1 se$ti'n :> is a 1ine0 i/#)is'n/ent 1') u# t' 9M *ea)s0 ')('t+5

Se$ti'n :K $',e)s dis$%'su)e '1 $%assi1ied in1')/ati'n5 T' $'n,i$t a #e)s'n 1') dis$%'sin4$%assi1ied in1')/ati'n0 t+e 4',e)n/ent /ust #)',e (e*'nd a )eas'na(%e d'u(t t+at.

t+e de1endant #)',ided $%assi1ied in1')/ati'n t' an't+e) #e)s'n

t+at #e)s'n 3as n't aut+')i&ed t' )e$ei,e t+e $%assi1ied in1')/ati'n

t+e $%assi1ied in1')/ati'n $'n$e)ns t+e natu)e0 #)e#a)ati'n0 ') use '1 an* $'de0 $i#+e)0') $)*#t'4)a#+i$ s*ste/ '1 t+e United States ') an* 1')ei4n 4',e)n/ent ') $'n$e)nst+e desi4n0 $'nst)u$ti'n0 use0 /aintenan$e0 ') )e#ai) '1 an* de,i$e0 a##a)atus0 ')a##%ian$e used ') #)e#a)ed ') #%anned 1') use (* t+e United States ') an* 1')ei4n4',e)n/ent 1') $)*#t'4)a#+i$ ') $'//uni$ati'n inte%%i4en$e #u)#'ses ') $'n$e)nin4t+e $'//uni$ati'n inte%%i4en$e a$ti,ities '1 t+e United States ') an* 1')ei4n

4',e)n/ent ') is '(tained (* t+e #)'$esses '1 $'//uni$ati'n inte%%i4en$e 1)'/ t+e$'//uni$ati'ns '1 an* 1')ei4n 4',e)n/ent0


81/123

>5 In t+e senten$eThe go$ernment must pro$e beyond a reasonable doubtthat, !% "#!"s%"*! %&/eans.

a@ 4i,in4 s'/e'ne t+e (ene1it '1 t+e d'u(t

(@ (e*'nd an* sus#i$i'n '1 4ui%t

$@ a%/'st $e)tain #)''1 needed t' $'n,i$t a #e)s'n in a $)i/ina% $ase5

5 In t+e #+)ase obtaining information respetin"the national defense0 #!s!&(8/eans.

a@ )e4a)din40 $'n$e)nin4

(@ '(e*in40 n't ,i'%atin4

$@ s+'3in4 ') +a,in4 )es#e$t 1')5

5 In t+e senten$e To con$ict a person for dislosin" classified information, &% (s*%s!($%#-"&(%/eans.

a@ t' /a


82/123

5 6+at is t+e +a)s+est senten$e a %ea


83/123

Supposet+e* 55 ?'11e)@ t' )edu$e *'u) #)is'n senten$e0 3'u%d *'u $'-'#e)ateOSupposet+e* %$$!#! t' )edu$e *'u) #)is'n senten$e0 3'u%d *'u $'-'#e)ateO

+"d rathers+e 55 ?s#end@ t+e )est '1 +e) %i1e in ;ai% t+an se%% d)u4s 1') a %i,in45+"d rathers+e s!& t+e )est '1 +e) %i1e in ;ai% t+an se%% d)u4s 1') a %i,in45

95 I #isht+e* 5 ?n't 1ind@ +i/ 4ui%t* '1 '(st)u$ti'n '1 ;usti$e55 +f onl!t+e* 55 ?d'@ s'/et+in4 t' )edu$e t+e in$)easin4 nu/(e) '1 identit* t+e1ts5

>5 Supposean't+e) Att')ne* Gene)a% 5 ?(e a##'inted@ t' 3')< 3it+ us0 3'u%dit /a


84/123

5 +ft+e #%ainti11 5 ?su(/it@ a%% +is $%ai/s 'n ti/e0 t+e $'u)t 3'u%d +a,edis$ussed t+e/ in 1u%% sessi'n5

5 +f onl!t+e Se$)eta)* '1 State 55 ?$e)ti1*@ t+e )ati1i$ati'n '1 t+e ne3a/end/ent (e1')e %ast Se#te/(e)

5 T+e ,'te)s (e+a,e as ift+ei) )i4+ts 55 ?,i'%ate@ in t+e %ast e%e$ti'n5:5 Su##'se t+e C'n4)ess 55 ?(e@ in sessi'n t+at /'nt+K5 T+e +'sta4e #ishes+is 5 E,en i1 t+e* 5 3i%%in4 t' testi1* a4ainst +i/0 t+e senten$e 3'u%d +a,e)e/ained t+e sa/e5a@ 3e)e (@ a)e $@ +a,in4 (een d@ +ad (een

5 It8s ti/e t+e* 3it+ a s'%uti'n a4ainst inte)nati'na% et)aditi'n5a@ $a/e u# (@ +ad $'/e $@ 3i%% $'/e u# d@ s+'u%d $'/e u#

5 He 3as s' ani'us t' %ea,e t+e $'u)t )''/ as i1 +e 55 $'n,i$ted t' a %i1e-ti/ein ;ai%5a@ +as (een (@ +ad (een $@ 3e)e d@ +a,in4 (een

5 I 3is+ t+e #'%i$e a%% t+e 3itnesses unde) t+e 3itness #)'te$ti'n #)'4)a/

n'3 it8s t'' %ate 1') t+is

a@ #%a$ed (@ +ad #%a$ed $@ s+'u%d #%a$e d@ t' #%a$e

:5 Su##'se *'u '1 es#i'na4e0 3+at 3'u%d *'u d' t' de1end *'u)se%1Oa@ a)e a$$used (@ s+'u%d (e a$$used $@ 3e)e a$$used d@ a)e (ein4a$$used

K


85/123

K5 It8s +i4+ ti/e s'/e('d* 55 +i/ '1 (an


86/123

UNIT 9

H!"*&' C"#! F#"

Hea%t+ $a)e 1)aud is a se)i'us $)i/e 3+i$+ is in,esti4ated (* t+e F2Is Finan$ia% C)i/esSe$ti'n +e)eina1te) FCSb5 T+e /issi'n '1 t+e FCS0 in t+e F2Is 3')ds0 _is t' ',e)see t+ein,esti4ati'n '1 1inan$ia% 1)aud and t' 1a$i%itate t+e 1')1eitu)e '1 assets 1)'/ t+'se en4a4in4in 1ede)a% $)i/es5_ T+e FCS is di,ided int' 1'u) se$ti'ns0 'ne '1 3+i$+ is t+e Hea%t+ Ca)eF)aud Unit +e)eina1te) HCFUb5 T+e HCFU ',e)sees in,esti4ati'ns t+at ta)4et indi,idua%sand ')4ani&ati'ns 3+' de1)aud t+e #u(%i$ and #)i,ate +ea%t+ $a)e s*ste/s5 A/'n4 t+ea$ti,ities t+at a)e in,esti4ated (* t+e HCFU a)e.

(i%%in4 1') se),i$e n't )ende)ed (i%%in4 1') a +i4+e) )ei/(u)sa(%e se),i$e t+an #e)1')/ed ?a%s' t'9M #e)$ent '1 t'ta% +ea%t+ $a)e e#enditu)es5 Fu)t+e)/')e0 t+e HCFU +as n'ti$ed t+at t+e/'st si4ni1i$ant t)end in )e$ent +ea%t+ $a)e 1)aud $ases is _t+e 3i%%in4ness '1 /edi$a%

#)'1essi'na%s t' )is< #atient +a)/ in t+ei) s$+e/es5 Cu))ent 1)aud s$+e/es $'nsist '1t)aditi'na% s$+e/es t+at in,'%,e 1)audu%ent (i%%in40 (ut a%s' in$')#')ate unne$essa)*su)4e)ies0 di%uted $an$e) d)u4s0 and 1)audu%ent %a( tests5_ In e$+an4e 1')


87/123

#atients 3i%% 3i%%in4%* unde)4' _unne$essa)* and un3a))anted /edi$a% #)'$edu)es t'4ene)ate 1)audu%ent $%ai/s and #)'1its5_

A #e)s'n $+a)4ed 3it+ a +ea%t+ $a)e 1)aud $an (e #unis+ed (*

a 1ine0 i/#)is'n/ent 1') n't /')e t+an 9M *ea)s0 ') ('t+5

I1 t+e ,i'%ati'n )esu%ts in se)i'us ('di%* in;u)* t+at #e)s'n $an (e #unis+ed (*

a 1ine0 i/#)is'n/ent 1') n't /')e t+an M *ea)s0 ') ('t+5

I1 t+e ,i'%ati'n )esu%ts in deat+0 t+at #e)s'n $an (e #unis+ed (*

a 1ine0 i/#)is'n/ent 1') an* te)/ '1 *ea)s ') 1') %i1e0 ') ('t+5

N%&!; L'n4 $'/#'und tet )e1e)en$e 3')ds a)e s#e$i1i$ t' 1')/a%0 %e4a% st*%e 1') t+'se 3+' a)e n') 1a/i%ia) 3it+t+ese te)/s0 +e)e is a s+')t %ist '1 ea/#%es0 3it+ t+ei) de1((&(% " R%-"(" "s*"&(%;

+e)eina1te) Y stated %ate) in t+is d'$u/ent Y -!?(%"& %&("#! %-!&

+e)ein Y in t+is d'$u/ent Y ai$i0 "!s& %-!&

+e)e(* Y in t+is 3a* ') (* t+is %ette) Y #)in a$easta0 $!** "!s&"

+e)eund!# > !# &'(s '!"(8 %# !*%)&'(s '#"s!

> -"( /%s

+en$e1')t+ Y 1)'/ t+is ti/e 'n Y de a$u/"(&!= v((&%#

n't3it+standin4 Y in s#ite '1 Y de(= &%"&! "!s&!"

I5 !at$+ t+e ne3 3')ds and e#)essi'ns in $'%u/n A 3it+ t+ei) R'/anian eui,a%e &s (%*- B;

A B

95+ea%t+ $a)e 1)aud a5 a de1)audane%aes$)'$a

5t' ',e)see t+e in,esti4ati'n (5 a ee$uta se#a)at testese),i$ii n ,ede)ea ta)iiun') ta)i1e /ai /a)i

>.t+e 1')1eitu)e '1 assets $5 se),i$iu )a/(u)sa(i%

K:


88/123

5 t' de1)aud . &"0@#( $#"*%"s!

5(i%%in4 1') se),i$e n't )ende)ed e5 1)aud@ "#* s(s&!-*( -!("*

5)ei/(u)sa(%e se),i$e 15 a 1i su#us un') #)'$edu)i /edi$a%e ne;usti1i$ate

,.


89/123

5 t' 1')1eit 5

>5 t' 1a$i%itate >5

5 t' en4a4e 5

5 t' esti/ate 5

5 t' in,'%,e 5

:5 t' in$')#')ate :5

K5 t' #unis+ K5

5 t' in;u)e 5

9M5 t' )ende) 9M5

I6. As)!# &'! $%**%)(8 :!s&(%s= "$&!# #!#!"(8 &'! &!0&;

95 6+' in,esti4ates +ea%t+ $a)e 1)audsO

5 6+at d' FCS and HCFU stand 1')O

>5 6+at is t+e /issi'n '1 t+e FCSO

5 6+at is t+e /issi'n '1 t+e HCFUO

5 6+i$+ t*#es '1 +ea%t+ $a)e 1)auds a11e$t #atients t+e /'stO

5 6+* d' s'/e #atients 3i%%in4%* unde)4' un3a))anted /edi$a% #)'$edu)esO

:5 6+at is t+e #unis+/ent 1') a #e)s'n $+a)4ed 3it+ a +ea%t+ $a)e 1)audO

K


90/123

K5 6+at is t+e #unis+/ent 1') a +ea%t+ $a)e 1)aud 3+en t+e #atient is se)i'us%*in;u)edO

5 6+at is t+e #unis+/ent 1') a +ea%t+ $a)e 1)aud 3+en t+e #atient diesO

9M5 6+at )eas'ns d' /edi$a% #)'1essi'na%s +a,e t' )is< #atient +a)/ in $'//ittin41)audsO

6. T#"s*"&! &'! $%**%)(8 $#"8-!& (&% R%-"(";

Cu))ent 1)aud s$+e/es $'nsist '1 t)aditi'na% s$+e/es t+at in,'%,e 1)audu%ent (i%%in40 (ut a%s'in$')#')ate unne$essa)* su)4e)ies0 di%uted $an$e) d)u4s0 and 1)audu%ent %a( tests5_ Ine$+an4e 1')


91/123

95 Ta ins#e$t')s )e$'//ended t+at ne3 )u%es a4ainst ta e,asi'n 55?int)'du$e@5

5 T+e ;ud4e ')de)ed t+at t+e $'u)t ?ad;'u)n@ 1') %un$+5>5 T+e P! de/anded t+at t+e s#'5 It8s essentia% t+at *'u 5 ?)ead@ t+e $'nt)a$t (e1')e si4nin4 it595 It 3as i/#')tant t+at +e 55 ?in1')/@ +i/se%1 'n t+e $ase0 (e1')e

a4)eein4 t' )e#)esent +is $%ient595 It8s un(e%ie,a(%e t+at +e 5 ?s+a)e@ t+e sa/e $e%% 3it+ an't+e) #)is'ne)

and ?n't sa*@ a 3')d t' +i/ e,e)5

R!-!-!# &'! S&'!&( S/&(v! e *ubjuntivee-*ubjuntiveis $'/#etin4 3it+nal!tic Subjuncti$ein t+e $'ntets #)esented (e1')eee)$ise VI5 T+e 'n%* di11e)en$e is t+at6e9Subjuncti$eis #)ese),ed in %e4a%isti$ st*%e0'11i$ia% ann'un$e/ents0 #a)%ia/enta)* st*%e and is /')e 1)euent%* used in A/e)i$anEn4%is+0 3+i%e t+enal!tic Subjuncti$eis #)e1e))ed in 2)itis+ En4%is+5

E0"-*!;The judge ruled that the jur! withdrawto deliberate upon the $erdict.

+t #as absurd that he bearrestedfor such an insignificant act.=e began to be #orried lest the! ausehim of mortgage fraud crimes.

6II. T#"s*"&! &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s (&% R%-"(";

N%&!; T+e senten$es (e%'3 in$%ude /')e ,a%ues '16e9Subjuncti$et+at +a,e (e$'/e '(s'%ete in /'st '1 t+e $ases06e9Subjuncti$e+as (een )e#%a$ed (* t+e /'da% ,e)(shallt+at is used in 1')/u%atin4 a)ti$%es0 #'ints '1 %a3 and %e4a%d'$u/ents t+e)e a)e a%s' s'/e ea/#%es '1a!ight 5 Subjuncti$es5

9


92/123

95 T+e #'%i$e de/and t+at t+e in1')/ati'n be withheldunti% 1u)t+e) e,iden$e55 T+e (u*e)s insisted t+at t+e #)'4)a/provide/')e 1un$ti'ns5>5 T+e* #ut in an a##%i$ati'n 1')/ s' t+at s+e be aeptedat t+e Uni,e)sit* '1 C'%')ad'55 It is de$ided t+at +eta0e#a)t in t+e 1'%%'3in4 unde)-$',e) /issi'n55 It is ,ita% t+at t+e !e/(e) State in uesti'n intervenein t+e #)'$eedin4s (e1')e t+e

C'u)t '1 Fi)st Instan$e55 It is )eui)ed t+at t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$erule'n su$+ a##%i$ati'ns5

:5 It is sti#u%ated t+at an a##ea% t' t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e be limitedt' #'ints '1 %a35K5So beitAn' #unis+/ent s+a%% (e in1%i$ted u#'n +i/5ethat as it ma!0 3e s+a%% 4' 'n 3it+ 'u) #%an59M5ehe #ho he ma! think0 +e +as n' #%a$e +e)e995 Suffice it to sa! that;usti$e +as (een d'ne0 and e,e)*('d* 3i%% (%ess *'u) na/e595 G'd save t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e9>5 L'n4 livet+e P)esident '1 t+e C'u)t '1 Justi$e95 Justi$e be han"ed I s+a%% /a


93/123

:5 T+e /e/(e)s '1 t+e $'//issi'n e#)essed a desi)e t+at t+e #a)ti$i#ants 5in an +'u)5a@ )e$'n,ened (@ t' )e$'n,ene $@ /i4+t )e$'n,ene d@ s+'u%d )e$'n,eneK5 T+e su44esti'n is t+at 3e 5/atte)s /')e se)i'us%*5a@ t''< (@ ta


94/123

Identit* t+e1t is 'ne '1 t+e 1astest 4)'3in4 $)i/es in t+e 3')%d5 T+e ne3s +as (een 1i%%ed 3it+st')ies a('ut +'3 #e)s'na% data +a,e (een $'/#)'/ised 1)'/ $e)tain #e)s'na% in1')/ati'na44)e4at')s5 T+e ITADA Identit* T+e1t and Assu/#ti'n Dete))en$e A$t '1 9Kb a/endedt+e 1)aud $+a#te) '1 tit%e 9K '1 t+e United States C'de t' $)eate a ne3 $)i/e #)'+i(itin4 t+eun%a31u% use '1 #e)s'na% identi1*in4 in1')/ati'n0 in$%udin40 (ut n't %i/ited t'0 na/es0 s'$ia%se$u)it* nu/(e)s0 and $)edit $a)d nu/(e)s5 Identit* 1)aud in,'%,es t+e /isa##)'#)iati'n '1an't+e) #e)s'ns #e)s'na% identi1*in4 in1')/ati'n5 C)i/ina%s use t+is in1')/ati'n t' esta(%is+

$)edit in t+ei) na/e0 )un u# de(ts 'n an't+e) #e)s'ns a$$'unt0 ') ta


95/123


96/123

(@ t' assu/e t+e $'nt)'% ') /ana4e/ent '1

$@ t' ea/ine in,esti4ate s/t+ 1') a$$u)a$*5

5 In t+e #+)ase to pro$ide an appropriatepenaltyfor each offense0 !"*&/eans.

a@ a +andi$a# a3a)ded a4ainst a #%a*e) ') tea/ 1') i%%e4a% #%a*0 su$+ as a 1)ee s+'t at 4'a% (*

t+e '##'sin4 tea/0 %'ss '1 #'ints0 et$

(@ %'ss0 su11e)in40 ') 't+e) un1')tunate )esu%t '1 'nes '3n a$ti'n0 e))')

$@ a %e4a% ') '11i$ia% #unis+/ent0 su$+ as a te)/ '1 i/#)is'n/ent5

II. P#%v(! &'! R%-"(" !:(v"*!& $%# &'! $%**%)(8 '#"s!s;

identit* t+e1t Y s'$ia% se$u)it* nu/(e)s Y

$)edit $a)d nu/(e)s Y

1inan$ia% a$$'unts Y

Pe)s'na% Identi1i$ati'n Nu/(e)s Y

$'unte)1eit d'$u/ents Y

te%e$'//uni$ati'ns se),i$es Y

s$annin4 )e$ei,e) Y

)e$')ds '1 t)ansa$ti'ns Y

III. As)!# &'! $%**%)(8 :!s&(%s= s(8 %# %) )%#s &% !0#!ss !#s%"* %((%;

956+i$+ a)e t+e /ain )eas'ns t+at dete)/ine $)i/ina%s t' $'//it identit* t+e1t $)i/esO

In /* '#ini'n,ie30 I t+in< t+at

5 6+i$+ a)e t+e 3ea< #'ints '1 t+e s'$ia% se$u)it* s*ste/ t+at /a


97/123

>5 Na/e s'/e '1 t+e $)i/ina% /et+'ds used 3+en $'//ittin4 identit* t+e1t $)i/es5

T' /* /ind0

5 6+i$+ $)ite)ia +a,e (een used in distin4uis+in4 t+e 9M #a)ti$u%a) '11en$es enu/e)atedin t+e tetO

It see/s t' /e t+at

5 6+at $'u%d (e d'ne and in 3+i$+ a)eas t' )edu$e t+e in$)easin4 nu/(e) '1 identit*t+e1t $)i/esO

T' /* 3a* '1 t+in


98/123

T+e)e1')e0 a #+)asa% ,e)( /ust (e %ea)nt as a 3+'%e unit 3it+ a #a)ti$u%a) /eanin40 andn't a##)'i/ated (* t+e /eanin4s '1 its $'/#'nents5

E0"-*!s;

She tried to ta0e inher friends.

t' de$ei,e n't t' ()in4 inb

+ think !ou should ut down!our tra$eling e2penses.

)edu$e

e arranged to meet in front of the cinema but she didnGt turn up.

$'/e

6. R!)#(&! &'! $%**%)(8 s!&!!s= s(8 &'! '#"s"* v!#s ( &'! %0 &% #!*"! &'!

v!#s ( (&"*(s " -"7(8 " !!ss"# '"8!s ( )%# %#!#;


99/123

5 P%ease reflect upont+is and %et /e 5 6+' d' *'u t+in< I ran into *este)da*O

5 I +a,e a ;'( n'30 s' I n' %'n4e) li$e on /* #a)ents5

5 T+e n',e% 3+i$+ I +a,e (een 3')


100/123

5 G' a+ead I%% catch upHHHHHHHHHH3it+ *'u in n' ti/e5

9M5 He +asgone throughHHHHHHHHHHHa %'t %ate%* (ut 3it+ s'/e e11')t *'u 3i%%get

o$erHHHHHHHHHit5

6II. C'%%s! &'! #(8'& v!#s(% &% $%#- '#"s"* v!#s &'"& $(& ( &'! %&!0&< '!7 &'! *(s&

%$ &'! -"( '#"s"* v!#s s!*!&! ( &'! "*'"!&("* %#!# %$ &'! "v!#("* "#&(*!#!s!& "& &'! ! %$ &'! %%7 !$%#! -"7(8 %# '%(!;

95 I d'n8t


101/123

95 I1 n'('d* $'/es 5 a s'%uti'n s''n0 3e s+a%% 4' (an


102/123

EY TO EERCISES

FIRST YEAR OF STUDY

UNIT 1I5 95 i- 5 5 1-/ 5 +-s 5 a- 5 %-n :5 d-# K5 (-u 5 ;-' 9M5 e-) 995 4-t 95 $-3

II5 95 e,iden$e 5 ,e)di$t >5 a##ea% 5 %a3 5 $)i/e 5 t)ia% :5 %a30 %a3 K5 e,iden$e 5,e)di$t0 a##ea% 9M5 t)ia%0 %a3 995 e,iden$e 95 t)ia%0 %a35IV5 95 $ 5 d >5 a 5 ( 5 $ 5 $ :5 a K5$ 5 $ 9M5 a 995 $ 95 $ 9>5 ( 95 $ 95 $5VI5 95 $ 5a >5 $ 5 ( 5 d 5 a :5 d K5 a 5 ( 9M5 $5VII5 95 4 5 ; >5 i 5 1 5 a 5 $ :5 e K5 d 5 ( 9M5 +5VIII5 95 5 1 5 4 5 a 5 + :5 ( K5 i 5 ; 9M5 e 995 $5If5 95 a/ seein4 5 a)e *'u t+in5 a 5 ( 5 $ 5 d :5 d K5 $ 5 $ 9M5 a 995 ( 95 ( 9>5 $ 95 a 95 (5VI5 95 ( 5 d >5 a 5 ( 5 $ 5 a :5 $ K5 ( 5 $ 9M5 a5

9M


103/123

VII5 95 #'ssi(i%it* 5 ina(i%it* >5 ne$essit* 5 i/#'ssi(i%it* 5 %'4i$a% assu/#ti'n?a11i)/ati,e@ 5 $)iti$is/ :5 )euests K5 ad,i$e 5 '11e)s 9M5 su44esti'ns 995 #e)/issi'n95 )e/'te #'ssi(i%it* 9>5 '(%i4ati'n 95 %'4i$a% assu/#ti'n ?ne4ati,e@ 95 #ast a(i%it* 95a(sen$e '1 '(%

adina -manual juridic engleza i si ii

Documents